Download or read book Endogenous Insulin like Peptides and Control of Malaria Parasite Infection in the Mosquito Host written by Jose Enrique Pietri and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The deadliest human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, is transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles, including Anopheles stephensi, the major malaria vector in India and southeast Asia. Recent efforts to enhance malaria control have focused on developing genetically modified Anopheles mosquitoes that are resistant to malaria parasite infection by manipulating proteins that are essential to the immune response, a strategy that requires a detailed understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms underlying immunity. Insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS) is highly conserved from invertebrates to humans and a growing body of literature suggests the involvement of this pathway in regulating immunity. In this work, we show that endogenous insulin-like peptides (ILPs) produced during infection can regulate diverse aspects of mosquito physiology to impact malaria parasite growth and transmission. First, we identified five ILPs in A. stephensi, and characterized their tissue-specific expression patterns in response to various physiological conditions. Specifically, we showed that that ILP expression is not highly responsive to dietary changes, starvation, or ageing, but appears fine-tuned to ingested human insulin and infection with P. falciparum. Next, in order to probe the significance of ILP expression during P. falciparum infection, we developed a novel protocol for protein knockdown in the midgut using antisense morpholinos. We confirmed the effectiveness of this method by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) MEK-ERK signaling pathway, a known regulator of immunity in the A. stephensi midgut. Further, we utilized this knockdown technique to show that two infection induced ILPs negatively regulate mosquito immunity. We demonstrated that P. falciparum induces ILP expression through activation of feed-forward insulin signaling in the midgut to suppress expression NF-KB regulated immune genes and facilitate parasite growth. We also showed that ILP expression during infection regulates host-seeking and feeding behaviors in the mosquito, potentially increasing transmission in addition to parasite growth. Finally, we dissected the dynamics of ILP signaling using synthetic peptides to predict mechanisms by which induced ILPs function during infection to regulate P. falciparum development. We showed that two infection-induced ILPs produce distinct effects on cell signaling, immunity, metabolism, and midgut homeostasis, suggesting that that the kinetics of ILP regulation of P. falciparum infection are controlled through a diverse network of ILP-specific effects on midgut physiology. Collectively, this body of work provides a foundation for understanding a new gene target that could potentially be manipulated to engineer parasite resistant mosquitoes for disease control, while also unveiling novel aspects of fundamental biology that are controlled by the highly conserved insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling cascade in a medically important disease vector.
Download or read book Expression Patterns of Mosquito Insulin like Peptides in Response to Diet and Plasmodium Falciparum Infection Suggest Tissue Communication and a Partitioning of Physiology written by Alexander G. Marquez and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Get over the Gut Apicomplexan Parasite Interaction Survival and Stage Progression in Vertebrate and Invertebrate Digestive Tracts written by Chandra Ramakrishnan and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-06-29 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Journal of Experimental Biology written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Arthropod Vector Controller of Disease Transmission Volume 1 written by Stephen K. Wikel and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-04-25 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arthropod Vector: Controller of Disease Transmission, Volume 1: Vector Microbiome and Innate Immunity of Arthropods is built on topics initially raised at a related Keystone Symposium on Arthropod Vectors. Together with the separate, related Volume 2: Vector Saliva-Host Pathogen Interactions, this work presents a logical sequence of topic development that leads to regulatory considerations for advancing these and related concepts for developing novel control measures. The three themes of symbionts, vector immune defenses and arthropod saliva modulation of the host environment are central to the concept of determinants of vector competence that involves all aspects of vector-borne pathogen development within the arthropod that culminates in the successful transmission to the vertebrate host. These three areas are characterized at the present time by rapid achievement of significant, incremental insights, which advances our understanding for a wide variety of arthropod vector species, and this work is the first to extensively integrate these themes. Includes such major areas of coverage as host-derived factors, innate immunity of arthropod presentations and the arthropod microbiome/symbionts Features expertly curated topics, ensuring appropriate scope of coverage and aid integration of concepts and content Provides the necessary scientific background for the development of the research and discussions that have laid the groundwork for future efforts, including the Keystone Symposium and relevant meetings at NIAID/NIH
Download or read book Genetic Control of Malaria and Dengue written by Zach N. Adelman and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-10-15 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic Control of Malaria and Dengue focuses on the knowledge, technology, regulation and ethics of using genetically modified mosquitoes to interrupt the transmission of important vector-borne diseases including Malaria. It contains coverage of the current state of knowledge of vector-borne diseases and how they are currently controlled; vaccine, drug and insecticide development; various strategies for altering the genome of mosquitoes in beneficial ways; and the regulatory, ethical and social environment concerning these strategies. For more than five decades, the prospect of using genetically-modified mosquitoes to control vector-borne disease transmission has been a purely hypothetical scenario. We simply did not have the technology or basic knowledge to be able to do it. With the explosion of field trials and potential interventions in development, Genetic Control of Malaria and Dengue provides a comprehensive overview of research in genetics, microbiology, virology, and ecology involved in the development and implementation of genetic modification programs for virus and disease control. This book is meant to provide a practical guide to researchers, regulators and the general public about how this technology actually works, how it can be improved, and what is still unknown. Includes coverage of vectorial capacity, critical to understanding vector-borne disease transmission Provides a summary of the concepts of both population suppression and population replacement Contains pivotal coverage of ethical and ecological ramifications of genetics-based control strategies
Download or read book Transgenic Insects 2nd Edition written by Mark Q. Benedict and published by CABI. This book was released on 2022-10-31 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technology for modifying the genotypes and phenotypes of insects and other arthropods has steadily progressed with the development of more precise and powerful methods, most prominently transgenic modification. For many insect pests, there is now almost unlimited ability to modify phenotypes to benefit human health and agriculture. Precise DNA modifications and gene drive have the power to make wild-type populations less harmful in ways that could never have been performed with previous transgenic approaches. This transition from primarily laboratory science to greater application for field use has also necessitated greater development of modeling, ethical considerations and regulatory oversight. The 2nd Edition of Transgenic Insects contains chapters contributed by experts in the field that cover technologies and applications that are now possible. This edition includes increased attention to associated challenges of risk assessment, regulation, and public engagement. This book will be very valuable to students and researchers in entomology, molecular biology, genetics, public health and agriculture, and will also appeal to practitioners who are implementing the technology, and to regulators, stakeholders and ethicists.
Download or read book Parasites and Parasitic Diseases written by Gilberto Antonio Bastidas Pacheco and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-04-24 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parasitic diseases are considered nowadays as an important public health problem due to the high morbidity and mortality rates registered in the world. These diseases result in more severe consequences for the social order of tropical and subtropical countries because many of them have low economic income that makes it even more difficult to design and implement health control programs. This situation opens the door to the emergence and reemergence of these diseases; therefore, it is convenient, necessary, and essential to study and update the epidemiological behavior of tropical diseases with the objective of offering official health professionals and institutions current information for decision-making in this area to ensure social welfare.
Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 2454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Download or read book Insect Diapause written by David L. Denlinger and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-02-03 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our highly seasonal world restricts insect activity to brief portions of the year. This feature necessitates a sophisticated interpretation of seasonal changes and enactment of mechanisms for bringing development to a halt and then reinitiating it when the inimical season is past. The dormant state of diapause serves to bridge the unfavourable seasons, and its timing provides a powerful mechanism for synchronizing insect development. This book explores how seasonal signals are monitored and used by insects to enact specific molecular pathways that generate the diapause phenotype. The broad perspective offered here scales from the ecological to the molecular and thus provides a comprehensive view of this exciting and vibrant research field, offering insights on topics ranging from pest management, evolution, speciation, climate change and disease transmission, to human health, as well as analogies with other forms of invertebrate dormancy and mammalian hibernation.
Download or read book Entomology Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 880 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Insect Endocrinology written by Lawrence I. Gilbert and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-07-26 with total page 589 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The publication of the extensive seven-volume work Comprehensive Molecular Insect Science provided a complete reference encompassing important developments and achievements in modern insect science. One of the most swiftly moving areas in entomological and comparative research is endocrinology, and this volume, Insect Endocrinology, is designed for those who desire a comprehensive yet concise work on important aspects of this topic. Because this area has moved quickly since the original publication, articles in this new volume are revised, highlighting developments in the related area since its original publication. Insect Endocrinology covers the mechanism of action of insect hormones during growth and metamorphosis as well as the role of insect hormones in reproduction, diapause and the regulation of metabolism. Contents include articles on the juvenile hormones, circadian organization of the endocrine system, ecdysteroid chemistry and biochemistry, as well as new chapters on insulin-like peptides and the peptide hormone Bursicon. This volume will be of great value to senior investigators, graduate students, post-doctoral fellows and advanced undergraduate research students. It can also be used as a reference for graduate courses and seminars on the topic. Chapters will also be valuable to the applied biologist or entomologist, providing the requisite understanding necessary for probing the more applied research areas. Articles selected by the known and respected editor-in-chief of the original major reference work, Comprehensive Molecular Insect Science Newly revised contributions bring together the latest research in the quickly moving field of insect endocrinology Review of the literature of the past five years is now included, as well as full use of data arising from the application of molecular technologies wherever appropriate
Download or read book Biodiversity and Human Health written by Francesca Grifo and published by Island Press. This book was released on 1997-02-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The implications of biodiversity loss for the global environment have been widely discussed, but only recently has attention been paid to its direct and serious effects on human health. Biodiversity loss affects the spread of human diseases, causes a loss of medical models, diminishes the supplies of raw materials for drug discovery and biotechnology, and threatens food production and water quality. Biodiversity and Human Health brings together leading thinkers on the global environment and biomedicine to explore the human health consequences of the loss of biological diversity. Based on a two-day conference sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, and the Smithsonian Institution, the book opens a dialogue among experts from the fields of public health, biology, epidemiology, botany, ecology, demography, and pharmacology on this vital but often neglected concern. Contributors discuss the uses and significance of biodiversity to the practice of medicine today, and develop strategies for conservation of these critical resources. Topics examined include: the causes and consequences of biodiversity loss emerging infectious diseases and the loss of biodiversity the significance and use of both prescription and herbal biodiversity-derived remedies indigenous and local peoples and their health care systems sustainable use of biodiversity for medicine an agenda for the future In addition to the editors, contributors include Anthony Artuso, Byron Bailey, Jensa Bell, Bhaswati Bhattacharya, Michael Boyd, Mary S. Campbell, Eric Chivian, Paul Cox, Gordon Cragg, Andrew Dobson, Kate Duffy-Mazan, Robert Engelman, Paul Epstein, Alexandra S. Fairfield, John Grupenhoff, Daniel Janzen, Catherine A. Laughin, Katy Moran, Robert McCaleb, Thomas Mays, David Newman, Charles Peters, Walter Reid, and John Vandermeer. The book provides a common framework for physicians and biomedical researchers who wish to learn more about environmental concerns, and for members of the environmental community who desire a greater understanding of biomedical issues.
Download or read book The Molecular Biology of Insect Disease Vectors written by J.M. Crampton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Only one generation ago, entomology was a proudly isolated discipline. In Comstock Hall, the building of the Department of Entomology at Cornell University where I was first introduced to experimental science in the laboratory of Tom Eisner, those of us interested in the chemistry of life felt like interlopers. In the 35 years that have elapsed since then, all of biology has changed, and entomology with it. Arrogant molecular biologists and resentful classical biologists might think that what has happened is a hostile take-over of biology by molecular biology. But they are wrong. More and more we now understand that the events were happier and much more exciting, amounting to a new synthesis. Molecular Biology, which was initially focused on the simplest of organisms, bacteria and viruses, broke out of its confines after the initial fundamental questions were answered - the structure of DNA, the genetic code, the nature of regulatory genes - and, importantly, as its methods became more and more generally applicable. The recombinant DNA revo lution of the 1970s, the development of techniques for sequencing macromolecules, the polymerase chain reaction, new molecular methods of genetic analysis, all brought molecular biology face to face with the infinite complexity and the exuber ant diversity of life. Molecular biology itself stopped being an isolated diScipline, pre occupied with the universal laws of life, and became an approach to addressing fas cinating specific problems from every field of biology.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Infectious Diseases written by Michel Tibayrenc and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-07-31 with total page 807 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover how the application of novel multidisciplinary, integrative approaches and technologies are dramatically changing our understanding of the pathogenesis of infectious diseases and their treatments. Each article presents the state of the science, with a strong emphasis on new and emerging medical applications. The Encyclopedia of Infectious Diseases is organized into five parts. The first part examines current threats such as AIDS, malaria, SARS, and influenza. The second part addresses the evolution of pathogens and the relationship between human genetic diversity and the spread of infectious diseases. The next two parts highlight the most promising uses of molecular identification, vector control, satellite detection, surveillance, modeling, and high-throughput technologies. The final part explores specialized topics of current concern, including bioterrorism, world market and infectious diseases, and antibiotics for public health. Each article is written by one or more leading experts in the field of infectious diseases. These experts place all the latest findings from various disciplines in context, helping readers understand what is currently known, what the next generation of breakthroughs is likely to be, and where more research is needed. Several features facilitate research and deepen readers' understanding of infectious diseases: Illustrations help readers understand the pathogenesis and diagnosis of infectious diseases Lists of Web resources serve as a gateway to important research centers, government agencies, and other sources of information from around the world Information boxes highlight basic principles and specialized terminology International contributions offer perspectives on how infectious diseases are viewed by different cultures A special chapter discusses the representation of infectious diseases in art With its multidisciplinary approach, this encyclopedia helps point researchers in new promising directions and helps health professionals better understand the nature and treatment of infectious diseases.
Download or read book The Immune System and Infectious Diseases written by Erwin Neter and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Medical Entomology written by B.F. Eldridge and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 723 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is designed primarily as a textbook for graduate and postgraduate courses in Medical, Public Health and Veterinary Entomology. Its uniqueness is that its emphasis is on disease as opposed to arthropods. It includes general discussions of epidemiology, transmission, disease control, vector control and disease surveillance. In addition, it contains chapters oriented towards the many specific arthropod-borne diseases. Furthermore, the book discusses the many direct impacts that parasitic insects have on human and animal health. The arthropods themselves are dealt with in two introductory chapters.
