Download or read book Endemic Goitre in the Sudan written by Mohamed Ali Eltom and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Endemic Goitre in the Sudan written by Abdel Monim Medani and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2011-09 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this study were to map the prevalence of goiter in Sudan and to study the etiological factors involved. A further objective was to explore the use of serum thyroglobulin (Tg) level in the assessment of endemic goitre. The endemicity of goitre in Sudan was firstly reported by Woodman in 1952. Although in the Sudan IDD control programmes and support for the universal salt iodization strategy began in the mid 1970s, no progress in implementation of the strategy was noted until 2006. Indeed, most of the iodine supplementation programmes, if not all, have now ceased to exist. In 2006 the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) estimated that only 1% of all Sudanese households had access to iodized salt. The survey took place in the period from June to November 2006. The survey covered nine cities including Nyala and Elfasher (Western part), Wau (in The South), Atbara and Dongula (in the North), Dmazine (South East), Port Sudan (Eastern part), Kosti and Khartoum (in the Centre). Khartoum was divided into three different cities Khartoum, Khartoum North and Omdurman. The study included 6181 male and female schoolchildren at the age of 6-12 years old.

Download or read book Endemic Goitre in the Sudan Miscellaneous Publications written by Mohamed Ali Eltom and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Study of Possible Genetic Predisposition to Endemic Goitre Among the Fur and Baggara Tribes of the Sudan written by Bayoumi R. A. and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Endemic Goiter in Tambura South Sudan written by Gardiner Offutt and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book History and Iconography of Endemic Goitre and Cretinism written by F. Merke and published by Springer. This book was released on 1984 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Control of Endemic Goitre written by E. M. DeMaeyer and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Endemic Goitre and Thyroid Function in Central Africa written by F. Delange and published by S. Karger AG (Switzerland). This book was released on 1974 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Genetic Disorders Among Arab Populations written by Ahmad S. Teebi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-30 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arab populations have their “own” genetic disorders, both universal and particular. Genetic diversity within these source populations, along with the fact that the rates of inbreeding are often high and family sizes are often large, constitute conditions that facilitate the emergence and detection of phenotypes explained notably by autosomal recessive inheritance; in which case, the use of homozygosity gene mapping can facilitate the discovery of the corresponding genes. The present book includes 5 parts dealing with various aspects that relate to the genetic structure of Arabs and minorities within the Arab world as well as genetic disorders prevalent in this part of the world. It includes updated reviews of the genetic disorders in various Arab countries and geographic regions. The focus is primarily, but not exclusively, on the group of single-gene disorders with particular emphasis on autosomal recessive conditions. It further includes epidemiological and clinical data as well as inheritance patterns, mutation and polymorphism data, and available haplotype analysis data. The ethnic and genetic diversity of the Arab populations is discussed as well as aspects of genetic counseling practice in this region together with a proposal for an ethical framework for genetic research and prevention of genetic disorders. The target audience of this book includes human and medical geneticists, genetic counselors, researchers, medical specialists dealing with Arab patients or practicing in Arab countries, medical and genetic counseling students, and nurses.

Download or read book Endemic Goitre written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Endemic Goitre written by Chilean Iodine Educational Bureau (London, England) and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Werner Ingbar s the Thyroid written by Sidney C. Werner and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2005 with total page 1200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Completely updated for its Ninth Edition, this classic text provides comprehensive coverage of every aspect of thyroid anatomy, development, biochemistry, physiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of all thyroid disorders. This edition has a more international group of contributors and new chapters on mortality in thyroid disease, oncogenes, radioiodine treatments for carcinoma, trophoblastic tumors, and subacute and acute infectious thyroiditis. Chapters address clinical controversies regarding subclinical hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. The section on laboratory assessment of thyroid function has been reorganized for easier look-up of function tests.

Download or read book Iodine and the Brain written by G. Robert Delong and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the proceedings of a conference held at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda on March 21-23. 1988. jointly sponsored by the International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD) and the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health. Several themes converged to make this meeting timely. The first is an increasing awareness of iodine deficiency disorders as a world-wide problem of public health and a preventable cause of mental deficiency. and as a subject of scientific effort. Increased interest in these problems owes a great deal to accessibility to remote and under developed areas of the world where iodine deficiency persists. As with any subject. greater scrutiny yields unexpected complexity and interest. It is true that provision of iodine. typically as iodized salt, is the necessary and sufficient preventative for iodine deficiency disorders. without including endemic cretinism. This provision is a governmental, economic and social problem. Apart from this, however, the scientific and medical problem of iodine deficiency and its effect on brain development and function is one of great interest and importance for developmental neurology and psychology. Even though the specific preventative agent is known, we do not totally understand the neurobiological questions raised.

Download or read book Pharmacotherapeutics of the Thyroid Gland written by A.P. Weetman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All the important pharmacological interactions affecting thyroid function are described in this book. The first section is devoted to the physiology and biochemistry of thyroid disease, putting the pharmacological interactions into perspective. The second section reviews all the important pharmacological effects on thyroid function and also deals with the impact of other environmental agents. The chapters are written by internationally recognised experts and extensively referenced to provide an up-to-date review of the pharmacological interactions important to the thyroid and its diseases.

Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Diseases of the Thyroid written by Lewis E. Braverman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nationally and internationally recognized clinicians and researchers combine the latest understanding of thyroid physiology and pathophysiology with the most up-to-date clinical knowledge to help clinical endocrinologists and primary care physicians understand and treat a wide variety of thyroid disorders from birth to old age. Topics range from neonatal thyroid screening, thyroid dysfunction during infancy and childhood, peripartum thyroid disorders, and thyroid disease in the elderly to the pathogenesis and treatment of nodular goiter, thyroid cancer, thyrotoxicosis, and hypothyroidism. The book takes advantage of the latest clinical thinking and of the newest findings of the molecular biology of thyroid hormone action.

Download or read book Thyroid Function Testing written by Gregory A. Brent and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-04-06 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thyroid function tests are utilized by essentially all medical practitioners, across every clinical setting, in patients from newborns to the elderly. They are the most frequently measured endocrine tests. The sensitive thyrotropin (TSH) assay reflects thyroid hormone feedback to the pituitary, and is diagnostic of both thyroid h- mone excess as well as deficiency. The log–linear relationship between serum TSH and thyroxine concentrations means that small changes in serum thyroxine are amplified by changes in serum TSH. The availability of the sensitive TSH assay in essentially all clinical laboratories has improved and simplified the assessment of thyroid function for the diagnosis of thyroid disease and to monitor treatment. Serum free thyroxine and thyrotropin concentrations, as well as other thyroid tests, can be measured utilizing an automated immunoassay platform that provides rapid and accurate results. This simplified approach to thyroid assessment, often requ- ing only a serum TSH measurement, and rapid availability of the thyroid function tests results, has expanded the scope of thyroid testing and clinicians ordering and interpretingth yroid tests. There remain, however, many challenges in selecting the appropriate thyroid function test to order, the correct interpretation of results, and applying these results to the diagnosis and management of thyroid diseases. It is especially important to be aware of limitations of thyroid function tests, as well as special clinical c- cumstances that can influence thyroid function measurements. The serum TSH concentration, for example, may not accurately reflect thyroid status in many si- ations including after prolonged hyperthyroidism when serum TSH remains s- pressed for months, in the presence of hypothalamic or pituitary disease, or due to a number of interfering medications. The serum free thyroxine, measured by the analog method, is not accurate with high or low serum binding proteins and d- ing pregnancy. Hospitalized patients often have thyroid function test abnormalities that are transient and return to normal after recovery from the acute illness. Iodine excessand deficiency candramatically influence thyroid function tests. Significant insights have been gained into the regulation of thyroid hormone synthesis and especially the role of thyroid hormone metabolism in supplying t- sues locally with an adequate supply of thyroid hormone. In a number of instances, these factors influence the selection and interpretation of thyroid function tests. Polymorphisms, common sequence variations, in genes of components that regulate thyroid function and thyroid hormone action may also contribute to variability in thyroid function tests in a population. v vi Preface This volume draws on an outstanding international panel of experts in thyroid function tests and thyroid function assessment. They represent clinicians, clinical researchers, and basic science researchers, all with a focus on some aspect of the assessment of thyroid function. The chapters all provide a clinical perspective, but are informed by themost recent scientific advancements. The first section of the book (Chaps. 1–3) presents the most recent advances in thyroid physiology, a review of genetic influences on thyroid function tests, and a discussion on the influence of iodine on thyroid function. In Chap. 1, Drs. Huang and de Castro Neves describe thyroid hormone metabolism, emphasizing the key role of thyroid hormone activation and inactivation in thyroid hormone action. Dr. Visser is a world leader in studies of thyroid metabolism and genetic influences on thyroid function. In Chap. 2, Dr. Visser and his colleagues, Drs. van der Deure, Medici, and Peeters, provide a clear view of this important and r- idly expanding field. The population variation in the TSH “set point” (relationship between serum TSH and thyroxine in an individual), for example, is thought to be genetically determined, and influences the evaluation of thyroid function and thyroid function targets for treatment of thyroid disease. Dr. Zimmerman, an int- nationally recognized expert in iodine, and his colleague, Dr. Andersson, provide in Chap. 3 an in-depth treatment of the most significant influence on thyroid function throughout the world—iodine intake. The influence of iodine deficiency and excess on individual thyroid function is discussed, as well as the population effects on t- roid diseases and especially fetal and neonatalde velopment. The basics of thyroid function measurements, approaches, limitations, and cl- ical applications are described for the major categories of thyroid function tests (Chaps. 4–7). The authors of these chapters are innovators in the field, strongly id- tified with the origination or significant refinement of the core tests utilized in t- roid assessment. In Chap. 4, Dr. Hershman describes the measurement of TSH, the clinical application and utilization. This remains the cornerstone of thyroid testing, but must be interpreted with an understanding of the dynamics of thyroid regulation. An active controversy in thyroid measurement involves the appropriate use of serum thyroxine measurements and especially the value of the analog free thyroxine me- urement, the most commonly used thyroxine assay. In Chap. 5, Dr. Stockigt p- vides a detailed assessment of thyroxine and triiodothyronine measurements and a clear message for their use and limitations. The most common etiology of thyroid disease is autoimmune, and the appropriate use of thyroid autoantibody measu- ments remains confusing to many clinicians. In Chap. 6, Dr. Weetman and his c- league, Dr. Ajjan, clearly describe the range of thyroid autoantibody tests and how they should be utilized clinically. Thyroglobulin measurement is the key tumor marker to follow thyroid cancer patients and Dr. Spencer and her colleague, Ivana Petrovic, describe the essential features of this measurement in Chap. 7. It is ess- tial that clinicians using thyroglobulin measurements to monitor thyroid cancer are aware of the performance of the assay being used and the factors that can interfere with the measurement. Application of thyroid function testing to the key clinical settings is discussed by expert clinicians and clinical researchers in Chaps.8–13. The appropriate selec- Preface vii tion of thyroid function tests in the diagnosis and monitoring of thyroid disease in the ambulatory setting is discussed by Drs. Farwell and Leung in Chap. 8. This is the most common setting for thyroid function test measurement and a rational approach is described. Specific issues of thyroid function in infants and children are discussed in Chap. 9 by Drs. LaFranchi and Balogh. Screening for thyroid disease among newborns has been a highly effective approach to prevent mental retar- tion. The assessment of thyroid function in newborns, especially premature infants, is challenging as are the interpretation of thyroid function tests in infancy through childhood. Illness has a significant impact on thyroid function tests and assessment in this group is described by Drs. LoPresti and Patil in Chap. 10. A logical approach to these patients is provided as are ways to identify those patients with thyroid disease that need to be treated. Assessment of thyroid function in pregnancy is ch- lenging and is being increasing recognized as a crucial time to normalize maternal thyroid status. Adverse outcome for mother and her child can result from thyroid hormone deficiency or excess. In Chap.11, Drs. Lazarus, Soldin, and Evans ca- fully describe the use and limitations of thyroid tests in pregnancy and provide an approach to testing and monitoring thyroid function. The incidence of autoimmune thyroid disease increases significantly with age and in Chap. 12 Dr. Samuels p- vides a clear approach to the assessment of thyroid status in the elderly and interp- tation of thyroid studies. The influence of drugs on thyroid function testing remains a major clinical issue with recognition of an ever increasing list of medications that influence thyroid function and thyroid testing. In Chap. 13, Drs. Pearce and An- thakrishnan comprehensively describe these medications with a special emphasis on their mechanism of action and on iodine-containing medications. I am most grateful to my colleagues for their enthusiasm and willingness to p- vide such outstanding contributions to this book. The editorial team at Springer is excellent and has been highly supportive and effective. My special thanks to E- tor Laura Walsh, Associate Editor Dianne Wuori, Editorial Assistant Stacy Lazar, Senior Production Editor Jenny Wolkowicki and Crest Premedia Solutions for final production.