Download or read book Enamel Research Mechanisms and Characterization written by Bernhard Ganss and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-11-23 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rodent incisor is a good model system to study the molecular and cellular events that are involved in enamel biomineralization. Incisors in rodents continuously erupt during their lifespan, thus allowing the study of all stages of enamel synthesis, deposition, mineralization and maturation in the same tissue section. This model system has provided invaluable insight into the specifics of enamel formation as a basis to understand human pathologies such as amelogenesis imperfect. Furthermore, the rodent incisor allows exploration and understanding of some of the most fundamental mechanisms that govern biomineralization. Enamel is the most mineralized, hardest tissue in the body. It is formed within a unique organic matrix that, unlike other hard tissues such as bone and dentin, does not contain collagen. The formation of enamel can be divided into two main stages: the secretory and maturation stage. During the secretory stage, a highly ordered arrangement of hydroxyapatite crystals is formed under the influence of structural matrix proteins such as amelogenin, ameloblastin and enamelin. During the maturation stage, the organic matrix is removed and hydroxyapatite crystals expand to ultimately yield a functional hard structure consisting of over 96% mineral. Research efforts over the past decades have mainly focused on the secretory stage, providing novel insights into the concept of biomineralization. However, the events that occur during the maturation stage have not been yet explored in detail, likely because the physiological roles of the enamel-forming ameloblasts are more diverse and complex at this stage. Mature ameloblasts are involved in the regulation of calcium transport in large amounts, phosphate and protein fragments in and out of the maturing enamel and provide regulatory mechanisms for the control of the pH. In recent years, increased efforts have been dedicated towards defining the molecular events during enamel maturation. The development of an ever-increasing number of transgenic animal models has clearly demonstrated the essential roles of matrix and non-matrix proteins during enamel formation. Multiple traditional and modern analytical techniques are applied for the characterization of enamel in these animals. The need for this Research Topic therefore stems from new information that has been generated on molecular events during the enamel maturation stage and the development and application of highly advanced analytical techniques to characterize dental enamel. The benefits and limitations of these techniques need to be reviewed and their application standardized for valid comparative studies.
Download or read book Dental Enamel written by Derek Chadwick and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1997-07-14 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses inherited defects and environmental factors such as fluoride.
Download or read book Tooth Enamel Research Enamel 10 and beyond written by Pamela Den Besten and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-11-20 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Research Topic will host an overview of the most recent knowledge on enamel issued from a group of international experts who gathered at the 10th International Symposium on Dental Enamel (Enamel X). The Topic will include manuscripts describing original data, short communication, and reviews. In addition, the Topic will host abstracts and panel discussions presented at the Enamel X meeting, to highlight changing paradigms, unsolved and challenging questions, as well as translational challenges. Bringing together physics, chemistry, biochemistry and development and differentiation, contributions to this Topic will focus on the unique architecture of enamel, from nano- to macro- scale, and the dynamic molecular interactions with lead to extracellular self-assembly and mineralization. This knowledge will open a window into innovative bioinspired treatment and materials for tissue repair and regeneration. Tissue-specific networks and pathways shared with a number of biological systems (clock genes, epithelial polarization/ion handling, cell niche dynamics, and cell signaling) will also be explored. This will give an overall picture of the multiple acellular, cellular and organismal (essentially transgenic mice) processes actively investigated in the enamel field. Similarly, lessons from isolated or syndromic, inherited and acquired enamel defects obtained using cutting edge cell and matrix-omics will establish the emerging genomic framework determining enamel quality. Tooth enamel defects reflect historical and present gene-environment interactions in the animal and human condition such as climate, nutrition, pollutants or fluoride exposures. This last fact is highly relevant in medicine and public health since poor tooth quality and mineral defects are one of the first human worldwide pathologies.
Download or read book Tooth Enamel Frontiers in Mineral Chemistry and Biochemistry Integrative Cell Biology and Genetics written by Steven Joseph Brookes and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-03-20 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Tooth Enamel: Frontiers in Mineral Chemistry and Biochemistry, Integrative Cell Biology and Genetics" incorporates the proceedings of the 9th International Enamel Symposium (Enamel 9) hosted in the UK and chaired by Professor Jennifer Kirkham and Professor Ariane Berdal. The topic covers cellular and molecular aspects of the development, pathology, evolution and repair or regeneration of dental enamel. The original research papers and reviews will be of interest to all enamel and biomineralization researchers. Clinicians will find up-to-date thinking and opinion on the aetiology of enamel pathologies and their potential future treatment via novel strategies for preventing, repairing and regenerating enamel.
Download or read book Mechanisms of Tooth Enamel Formation written by Shōichi Suga and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterizing dental enamel s mechanical properties from milli to nanometer length scales written by Siang Fung Ang and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2012-07-24 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the structure-property relationship of enamel is a basis to improve restorative and preventive dentistry. The structure-mechanical properties relationship of dental enamel (made of apatite fibers and a small amount of organics and water) was studied. Enamel’s elastic moduli, elastic/inelastic transition were quantified and the toughening mechanisms were identified for different hierarchical levels. During creep, the interrod regions are able to dissipate higher irreversible energy compared to the enamel rod regions. For enamel fracture, the crack tip toughness, the cohesive stresses and size of the cohesive zone at the crack-tip were quantified.
Download or read book Structural Compositional and Mechanical Characterization of Bovine Dental Enamel written by Jasmin Koldehoff and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization Studies of the Acquired Enamel Pellicle Formed in Vitro written by Jassem M. Alrajab and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tooth Enamel Its Composition Properties and Fundamental Structure written by Ronald W. Fearnhead and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of Nascent Enamel Proteins Translated in Vitro from MRNA Specific for the Secretory and Maturation Stages of Amelogenesis written by Annabel Mary Helen Braganza and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thermal Analysis of Dental Enamel written by John Trent Corcia and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of the Organic Matrix of Mature Human Tooth Enamel written by Jacob D. McGuire and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mature human tooth enamel contains a small amount of organic matrix locally concentrated within its innermost region, which is tougher and more crack resistant than the outer bulk phase. Although the enamel organic matrix is regarded to contribute to these properties, its structure and macromolecular composition remain largely unknown. To characterize these unknowns, the hypotheses tested were, “The organic matrix of mature human tooth enamel is comprised of a well-organized network of proteins; that the epithelial-derived organic matrix of mature human tooth enamel contains type VII and type IV collagen; and that radiotherapy affects the ultrastructure and type VII and type IV collagen components of the organic matrix of mature human tooth enamel.” To achieve these goals, three aims were addressed: 1) To characterize the distribution and ultrastructure of the organic matrix of mature human tooth enamel using multiple techniques; 2) To identify and localize macromolecular components of the organic matrix of mature human tooth enamel; and 3) To characterize the ultrastructure and collagenous components of the organic matrix of mature human tooth enamel subsequent to in vitro and in vivo radiotherapy. Results of these studies were as follows. First, the organic matrix of mature human tooth enamel was distributed within enamel’s inner region in proportion to the thickness of the anatomical enamel layer; and was composed of a meshwork of integrated protein fibrils reflective of the rod/interrod and aprismatic morphology of the surrounding inorganic phase. Second, the enamel organic matrix, for the first time, was shown to contain type VII collagen and collagen IV; each of which exhibit a unique distribution pattern relative to the DEJ. Third, though the enamel organic matrix was not directly affected by simulated in vitro radiotherapy, enamel-matrix type IV collagen was affected in teeth exposed to in vivo radiotherapy. Further testing of teeth exposed to in vivo radiotherapy is required. We hypothesize that the results of these studies will help define the unique material properties of inner enamel, and further the identification and characterization of other macromolecular components of the enamel organic matrix at the DEJ
Download or read book Surface Variations Affecting Human Dental Enamel Studied Using Nanomechanical and Chemical Analysis written by Michelle Emma Dickinson and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electrophoretic and Immunological Characterization of the Acquired Enamel Pellicle written by Francesco Damiani and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Surface Reactivity of Tooth Enamel with Dyes Oxidizing Agents and Magnesium Ions and Its Effect on Tooth Color written by Mohamed Nur Abdallah and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Enamel, the outer protective layer of human teeth, is constantly interacting with its surrounding harsh environment. These interactions play a major role in many mechanisms that affect the dental health such as tooth caries, tooth discoloration and plaque formation. Accordingly, most treatments used to maintain and/or restore dental health focus first on the enamel surface. Even though most of the enamel structure has been thoroughly studied, many of the enamel surface features, and the chemical reaction that occur on it, are not well understood. Extrinsic tooth discoloration poses a major problem to many patients and dentists. Most causes of extrinsic tooth staining have been well identified and are usually treated with hydrogen peroxide. However, the mechanism of extrinsic tooth discoloration and tooth bleaching using peroxide oxidizers are not fully understood. It is unknown why certain staining molecules attach to the enamel surface, whether peroxide radicals make teeth whiter by removing these stains, and why sometimes hydrogen peroxide does not work. Also, treating darkened teeth with peroxide agents has its limitations and disadvantages. This has pushed us to look for better and less harmful whitening agents. Recent studies have revealed that there is a correlation between crystallographic characteristics of enamel and its physical properties, such as tooth shade and microhardness. This discovery predicts that tooth properties can be changed by modifying its crystallographic structure. Since magnesium ions are known to react with synthetic hydroxyapatite and affect its crystallographic properties, it is possible that magnesium ions could react with dental enamel and induce changes in dental enamel crystallographic, optical and mechanical properties. Several significant conclusions and achievements are presented in this thesis. We demonstrated the presence of a carbon rich layer on the surface of enamel that contains relatively high amounts of calcium. This layer might explain the high staining ability of certain types of anionic staining agents that are among the most common causes of external tooth discoloration. Moreover, we showed that hydrogen peroxide does not induce significant changes in tooth enamel organic and inorganic relative contents, and it whitens teeth just by oxidizing their organic matrix. This finding is of great clinical significance since it explains the mechanism of tooth bleaching and the reasons behind the limited predictability of the treatment outcomes. Finally, we showed for the first time that magnesium ions can react with tooth enamel and induce a reduction in the size of enamel hydroxyapatite nanocrystals. This change in crystallography affected the enamel optical and mechanical properties; making the enamel harder and whiter. This is a new method that can be exploited to whiten teeth without using peroxide-based bleaching agents. We concluded that crystallographic ultrastructure plays a key role in defining the tooth enamel properties which can be tailored through ionic substitution for improvement of optical and mechanical properties without causing the possible negative effects of peroxide agents." --
Download or read book Trace Element Analysis of Human Dental Enamel written by F. L. Losee and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Characterization and Treatments for Aesthetic Improvement of Fluorosed and White Spot Human Enamel written by Nina Jeanne Giambro and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
