Download or read book Embodiment and the Neural Correlates of Gestures and Word Meanings written by Analía L Arévalo and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overarching goal of this work is to understand the brain's organization for meaning (linguistic and non-linguistic). Our group began to investigate this question by comparing noun and verb processing, following previous research showing distinctions in the way these two word categories are processed across different populations and languages. In the brain-injury literature, classic aphasia theories contend that patients show differential abilities on noun vs. verb processing, resulting in a noun-verb double-dissociation between patient groups. In addition, studies using various neuroimaging techniques have suggested the involvement of different neural areas and/or networks in noun vs. verb retrieval, with the left frontal lobe being especially crucial for verb processing. However, neither imaging nor clinical results are consistent, and to date, no unified theory can account for the various findings reported in the literature. Leading theories on how word types dissociate from each other include distinctions at the lexical level, correlations between featural properties, and distinct sensorimotor representations. Recent theories on embodied cognition have suggested that processing such stimuli involves imagery of the different body parts associated with a given concept, with activity in the sensorimotor areas along the cortex corresponding to those body parts. In my dissertation work, I implemented psycholinguistic and neuroimaging techniques to systematically test these putative distinctions. Our noun-verb stimuli were tested behaviorally on healthy and aphasic participants and in an fMRI paradigm on healthy participants who were native speakers of two structurally diverse languages: English and Italian. The noun-verb distinction was consistent across healthy and patient groups and we found no convincing evidence for the classic double-dissociation. The hand imagery data, on the other hand, revealed an unexpected double-dissociation between patient and control performance, suggesting this dimension may play an important role in the process of meaning organization. These results represent a first step in the systematic testing of two major views on the mental organization for meaning. With new behavioral and imaging studies on the way targeting these distinctions directly, we hope to reveal a clearer picture of semantic organization and breakdown, bringing us one step forward in our understanding of how the brain organizes meaning.

Download or read book Neural Correlates of Embodiment in Action Verb Meaning written by Sungbong Kim and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to test Harnad's symbol grounding transfer hypothesis, the neural activations at the sensorimotor cortex elicited by L2 Foot verbs and the L2 Hand verbs were examined in comparison with those of the abstract verbs. Significant larger activations were elicited by both of the action verbs over the abstract verbs. To summarize, the current study provided the neurophysiological evidence on the symbol grounding at L1 word and the symbol grounding transfer at L2 words by exhibiting links between the regions of sensorimotor cortex and L1 and L2 action verbs in terms of differential neural activations elicited by the verb groups.

Download or read book Language Embodiment Principles Processes and Theories for Learning and Teaching Practices in Typical and Atypical Readers written by Connie Qun Guan and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-02-14 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditional philosophy of language was originated based on a disembodied view. In contrast, recent research with behavioral and neuroimaging methodologies emphasizes language embodiment, which claims for the central role of the body and brain in shaping language acquisition, learning, comprehension, and production. The embodiment view of language is supported by a body of empirical research covering the principles and mechanism of body-mind integration from interdisciplinary perspectives, including cognitive linguistics, educational psychology, artificial intelligence, and physiological neuroscience.

Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and Neurolinguistics written by Kara Morgan-Short and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-12-22 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and Neurolinguistics provides a comprehensive discussion of a wide range of neurocognitive and neurobiological scientific research about learning second or additional languages. It is a one-of-a-kind centralized resource that brings together research that is typically found in disperse publication venues. Eminent global scholars from various disciplines synthesize and cross-fertilize current and past neural research about second language through systematic, in-depth, and timely chapters that discuss cores issues for understanding the neurocognition of second language learning, representation, and processing. Handbook sections provide overviews of extant and emerging neuroscience methods, syntheses of neurocognitive research on second language syntax, morphosyntax, lexicon, phonology, and pragmatics, and up-to-date descriptions of theoretical approaches of the neural basis of second language learning. The volume provides additional sections that synthesize research on a variety of topics including factors that affect the neurocognition of second language, the neural mechanisms underlying second language learning, individual differences in the neurocognition of second language, as well as research on understudied languages and populations, such as sign language, child second language learners, and individuals with aphasia. This handbook will be an indispensable resource to scholars and students across a wide range of disciplines, including those interested in second language acquisition, applied linguistics, cognitive science, psychology, neuroscience, and research methodology. It should facilitate transformative connections between ideas and disciplines and lead to informative and productive paths for future research.

Download or read book Ten Lectures on Spoken Language and Gesture from the Perspective of Cognitive Linguistics written by Alan Cienki and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2017-04-11 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive linguistics is purported to be a usage-based approach, yet only recently has research in some of its subfields turned to spontaneous spoken (versus written) language data. The collection of Alan Cienki’s Ten Lectures on Spoken Language and Gesture from the Perspective of Cognitive Linguistics considers what it means to apply different approaches from within this field to the dynamic, multimodal combination of speech and gesture. The lectures encompass such main paradigms as blending and mental space theory, conceptual metaphor and metonymy, construction and cognitive grammars, image schemas, and mental simulation in relation to semantics. Overall, Alan Cienki shows that taking the usage-based commitment seriously with audio-visual data raises new issues and questions for theoretical models in cognitive linguistics. The lectures for this book were given at The China International Forum on Cognitive Linguistics in May 2013.

Download or read book The Intersubjectivity of Embodiment written by and published by Jrnl of Cognitive Semiotics. This book was released on with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Educator s Guide to Linguistics written by Tatiana Gordon and published by IAP. This book was released on 2012-12-01 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an accessible and reader-friendly overview of linguistic research. The meaning of complex linguistic concepts is illuminated with the help of engaging stories, analogies, and graphics. The book brings theoretical discussion to life by citing familiar bits of language such as names of popular business establishments, recognizable song lyrics, and famous adages. These examples taken from day-to-day life ultimately help students recognize the language in their own environment as worthy of observation and analysis. Above all, the book is meant to help future teachers in the classroom. It is this goal that largely determines its scope. The text provides an overview of those studies that have relevance to classroom practice. For instance, the chapter on neurolinguistics covers research into the gestures that accompany speech, and the chapter on semantics places special emphasis on discussing the role of conceptual metaphors in cognition. Each of the book’s eleven chapters concludes with a section entitled “Implications for Instruction.” These sections engage the reader in exploring the practical significance of linguistic research.

Download or read book Gesture Speech and Sign written by Lynn S. Messing and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gestures are unique because they communicate an individual's moods and desires to the world but operate under different psychological and cognitive constraints than other actions. Thus, the connections between gesture and language - spoken and signed - pose some fascinating questions. How intimately are gesture and language connected? Did one evolve from the other? To what extent are they similarly processed in the brain? And in what ways are signed languages akin to spoken language and gestures? Gesture, Speech, and Sign examines these questions, bringing together an array of experts from all over the world to explore the origins, neurobiology, and uses of these three communication systems. Its discussion of how a greater understanding of the issues surrounding gesture and language can be used to improve human-computer interactions is an important and distinguishing feature of the book. Designed to appeal to a multi-disciplinary audience, Gesture, Speech, and Sign is perfect for advanced students and researchers in neuroscience, psychology, linguistics, and computer science as well as to those involved in deaf studies.

Download or read book Shared Neural Correlates for Speech and Gesture written by Meghan L. Healey and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shared Neural Correlates for Speech and Gesture.

Download or read book Neurogenic Communication Disorders written by Linda E. Worrall and published by Thieme. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first to fully define and describe the functional approach to neurogenic communication and swallowing disorders. Featuring contributions from leading experts and researchers worldwide, this volume outlines diverse treatment and assessment strategies using the functional approach, also examining them from a consumer and payer perspective. These strategies are designed to improve the day-to-day life of patients, while providing third parties with the practical outcomes they seek. This outstanding book is ideal for SLPs and graduate students in speech-language pathology programs.

Download or read book Language and Cognition written by Kuniyoshi L. Sakai and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-07-07 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interaction between language and cognition remains an unsolved scientific problem. What are the differences in neural mechanisms of language and cognition? Why do children acquire language by the age of six, while taking a lifetime to acquire cognition? What is the role of language and cognition in thinking? Is abstract cognition possible without language? Is language just a communication device, or is it fundamental in developing thoughts? Why are there no animals with human thinking but without human language? Combinations even among 100 words and 100 objects (multiple words can represent multiple objects) exceed the number of all the particles in the Universe, and it seems that no amount of experience would suffice to learn these associations. How does human brain overcome this difficulty? Since the 19th century we know about involvement of Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas in language. What new knowledge of language and cognition areas has been found with fMRI and other brain imaging methods? Every year we know more about their anatomical and functional/effective connectivity. What can be inferred about mechanisms of their interaction, and about their functions in language and cognition? Why does the human brain show hemispheric (i.e., left or right) dominance for some specific linguistic and cognitive processes? Is understanding of language and cognition processed in the same brain area, or are there differences in language-semantic and cognitive-semantic brain areas? Is the syntactic process related to the structure of our conceptual world? Chomsky has suggested that language is separable from cognition. On the opposite, cognitive and construction linguistics emphasized a single mechanism of both. Neither has led to a computational theory so far. Evolutionary linguistics has emphasized evolution leading to a mechanism of language acquisition, yet proposed approaches also lead to incomputable complexity. There are some more related issues in linguistics and language education as well. Which brain regions govern phonology, lexicon, semantics, and syntax systems, as well as their acquisitions? What are the differences in acquisition of the first and second languages? Which mechanisms of cognition are involved in reading and writing? Are different writing systems affect relations between language and cognition? Are there differences in language-cognition interactions among different language groups (such as Indo-European, Chinese, Japanese, Semitic) and types (different degrees of analytic-isolating, synthetic-inflected, fused, agglutinative features)? What can be learned from sign languages? Rizzolatti and Arbib have proposed that language evolved on top of earlier mirror-neuron mechanism. Can this proposal answer the unknown questions about language and cognition? Can it explain mechanisms of language-cognition interaction? How does it relate to known brain areas and their interactions identified in brain imaging? Emotional and conceptual contents of voice sounds in animals are fused. Evolution of human language has demanded splitting of emotional and conceptual contents and mechanisms, although language prosody still carries emotional content. Is it a dying-off remnant, or is it fundamental for interaction between language and cognition? If language and cognitive mechanisms differ, unifying these two contents requires motivation, hence emotions. What are these emotions? Can they be measured? Tonal languages use pitch contours for semantic contents, are there differences in language-cognition interaction among tonal and atonal languages? Are emotional differences among cultures exclusively cultural, or also depend on languages? Interaction of language and cognition is thus full of mysteries, and we encourage papers addressing any aspect of this topic.

Download or read book Diagrams and Gestures written by Francesco La Mantia and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-09-16 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing a line, and then another, and another. Go back from the lines to the movements they capture and see gestures in them: not spatial displacements, but modes of knowledge that pass through the exercise of the body. Discovering something new in a gesture: the line that contracts into a point or the point that expands into a zone, perhaps sinking into a hole. Thus experiencing a diagram: a becoming other inscribed in the novelty of the gesture and in the changes of the forms it shapes. This and much more is discussed in the essays gathered in Diagrams and Gestures. Resulting from trans-disciplinary work between mathematicians, philosophers, linguists and semioticians, the volume delivers an up-to-date account of the most valuable research on the connections between gesture and diagram. As one of the most important themes in contemporary thought, the study of these connections poses a challenge for the future: to elaborate a theory that is equal to new and stimulating research methodologies. We call this theory a philosophy of diagrammatic gestures.

Download or read book Why Gesture written by R. Breckinridge Church and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2017-04-15 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Co-speech gestures are ubiquitous: when people speak, they almost always produce gestures. Gestures reflect content in the mind of the speaker, often under the radar and frequently using rich mental images that complement speech. What are gestures doing? Why do we use them? This book is the first to systematically explore the functions of gesture in speaking, thinking, and communicating – focusing on the variety of purposes served for the gesturer as well as for the viewer of gestures. Chapters in this edited volume present a range of diverse perspectives (including neural, cognitive, social, developmental and educational), consider gestural behavior in multiple contexts (conversation, narration, persuasion, intervention, and instruction), and utilize an array of methodological approaches (including both naturalistic and experimental). The book demonstrates that gesture influences how humans develop ideas, express and share those ideas to create community, and engineer innovative solutions to problems.

Download or read book Speech Accompanying Gesture written by Sotaro Kita and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2020-10-28 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When we speak, we often spontaneously produce gestures. Such gestures are an integral part of face-to-face verbal communication. The relationship between speech and gesture is the theme of this Special Issue. The articles cover a wide range of issues: cultural differences, language and gesture development, cognitive development, bilingualism, foreign language learning, persuasion, and "common grounds" between the speaker and the addressee. The Special Issue is of interest not only to those who study the multimodal nature of communication, but also to those who seek new insights into psycholinguistic issues, using gesture as the "window" into the speaker's mind.

Download or read book Pedagogical Psychology Beyond the 21st Century written by Gretchen M. Reevy and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-07-22 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Frontiers in Psychology is introducing a new research topic, Pedagogical Psychology: Beyond the 21st Century, which will be released as an online journal issue in summer 2014. The purpose of Beyond the 21st Century will be to publish goal- oriented articles leading to improvement of teaching and learning at all levels of psychology education. Until perhaps 20 years ago, educational approaches to teaching were largely informed by a “Stand and Deliver” pedagogical attitude. The psychology of this approach has often invested unrealistic and unrealizable responsibilities in both teachers and students. With the emergence of electronic data sharing (e.g., the Internet) and global cooperation/competition, newer approaches to teaching have begun to supplement and sometimes replace the older model of teaching. These newer approaches have simultaneously taken advantage of technological advances, global changes, and an evolving understanding of successful student-mentor relationships. As the pedagogical models driven by these changes evolve into the 22nd century and beyond, what seems groundbreaking today will, in hindsight, be seen as hidebound. Thus, the major goal of Beyond the 21st Century will be to publish manuscripts which imaginatively, but realistically anticipate future trends in teaching undergraduate psychology. Types of manuscripts which are appropriate for Pedagogical Psychology should be visionary, yet empirically and/or theoretically based. We welcome manuscripts in all domains of pedagogical psychology, with a special interest on topics that are new, or expected to evolve rapidly. Such innovative topics include, but are not limited to: Online and hybrid teaching; Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). How has student success improved with the introduction of online/distance education? Are there dangers associated with online/distance education, especially MOOCS? How can student success be improved as technology evolves beyond the MOOC concept? What technological advances will make psychology education available and useful for more, and more diverse students? How can the physical classroom be transformed into a student centered, effective, virtual environment? Using the internet as resources for classes (e.g., stat tutorials, etc.) Uses of technology, such as social media (e.g., Facebook, Twitter), wikis, and clickers in the classroom The challenge of teaching particular courses online, such as psychology laboratory courses or practicums Seeking effective user feedback (i.e., regarding user friendliness, teaching effectiveness) for online courses, including MOOCs The Wikipedia initiative of the Association for Psychological Science Teaching “Generation Me;” anticipating changing generational needs Teaching international students Teaching non-traditional-age students Undergraduate research projects Integrating multiculturalism into all courses Infusing social justice issues into psychology courses Creating opportunities for interdisciplinary learning Teaching techniques for psychology courses which are often offered as electives rather than core curriculum (e.g., evolutionary psychology, psychology and the law, cross-cultural psychology, health psychology, positive psychology) Assessing institutional student learning objectives across the curriculum Contingent faculty/adjunct faculty/lecturers in psychology departments Working with changing legislative & accreditation constraints and unpredictable budgets Co-Hosts of Pedagog

Download or read book Art as experience of the living body L art comme experience du corps vivant written by Christine Vial Kayser and published by Vernon Press. This book was released on 2024-01-23 with total page 793 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses the dynamic relationship between art and subjective consciousness, following a phenomenological, pragmatist and enactive approach. It brings out a new approach to the role of the body in art, not as a speculative object or symbolic material but as the living source of the imaginary. It contains theoretical contributions and case studies taken from various artistic practices (visual art, theatre, literature and music), Western and Eastern, the latter concerning China, India and Japan. These contributions allow us to nourish the debate on embodied cognition and aesthetics, using theory–philosophy, art history, neuroscience–and the authors’ personal experience as artists or spectators. According to the Husserlian method of “reduction” and pragmatist introspection, they postulate that listening to bodily sensations–cramps, heartbeats, impulsive movements, eye orientation–can unravel the thread of subconscious experience, both active and affective, that emerge in the encounter between a subject and an artwork, an encounter which, following John Dewey, we deem to be a case study for life in general. Ce livre analyse la relation dynamique entre l’art et la conscience subjective, selon une approche phénoménologique, pragmatiste et enactive. Il vise à faire émerger une nouvelle approche du rôle du corps dans l’art, non pas comme objet spéculatif ou matériau symbolique, mais comme source vivante de l’imaginaire. Les contributions théoriques et les études de cas sont prises à diverses pratiques artistiques (arts visuels, théâtre, littérature et musique), occidentales et orientales, ces dernières concernant la Chine, l’Inde et le Japon. Selon la méthode husserlienne de « réduction », en écho à l’introspection pragmatiste, les textes témoignent que l’écoute des sensations corporelles – crampes, battements de cœur, mouvements pulsionnels, orientation des yeux – mises en jeu par l’œuvre, permet de dénouer le fil de l’expérience inconsciente, à la fois kinesthésique et affective, qui émerge dans la rencontre entre un sujet et une œuvre d’art, une rencontre comprise, à la manière de Dewey, comme un cas d’école de la vie en général.

Download or read book Proceedings of the European Cognitive Science Conference 2007 written by Stella Vosniadou and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-09-29 with total page 975 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the invited lectures, invited symposia, symposia, papers and posters presented at the 2nd European Cognitive Science Conference held in Greece in May 2007. The papers presented in this volume range from empirical psychological studies and computational models to philosophical arguments, meta-analyses and even to neuroscientific experimentation. The quality of the work shows that the Cognitive Science Society in Europe is an exciting and vibrant one. There are 210 contributions by cognitive scientists from 27 different countries, including USA, France, UK, Germany, Greece, Italy, Belgium, Japan, Spain, the Netherlands, and Australia. This book will be of interest to anyone concerned with current research in Cognitive Science.