Download or read book Electrophysiological and Perceptual Correlates of Selective Attention written by Steven R. Sabat and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Electrophysiological Correlates of Object based Selective Attention written by Marla Raye Zinni and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A visual stimulus may be selectively attended on the basis of its location in space, a specific feature, or as a whole object. While a relatively large amount of research has examined the neural basis of location-based and feature-based attentional selection, few studies have examined the neural correlates of the spread of attention from one feature of an object to another, reflecting the selection of an object as an "integrated feature ensemble" (Schoenfeld et al., 2003; O'Craven, Downing, & Kanwisher, 1999). The research in this dissertation examined the electrophysiological correlates of the spread of selective attention to a task-irrelevant color feature of an object using the event-related potential (ERP) brain imaging technique. The temporal dynamics of this spread of attention were examined for two classes of objects, grouped-arrays of lines (Study 1) and geometric shapes (Study 2). In each study, overlapping objects were presented and the participants' task was to sustain attention to one object versus another to judge a change in the thickness of one of the lines of the grid (Study 1) or a change in object shape (Study 2). On some trials, either the attended object or the unattended object was colored, and color was irrelevant to the task. Difference ERPs indicated that color was first encoded in the visual cortex by 100 ms. However, the effect of attention on the task-irrelevant color feature was evident in later ERP modulations. A bilateral parietal/occipital positivity beginning at 200 ms (Study 2) and a midline occipital negativity beginning at 280 ms (Studies 1 & 2) were associated with the selection of the irrelevant color of the attended object. Source localization analyses suggested that the neural generators of the attention-related facilitation of the irrelevant color feature were situated in ventral occipital cortical regions near color-selective cortical areas. These data provide further evidence for the "integrated competition" model (Duncan, 1996; 1997), which posits that the neural basis for the perceptual integration of an attended object consists of enhanced activity in the network of specialized modules that encode its individual features, including those that are not relevant to the immediate task.

Download or read book Neuronal Correlates of Selective Attention written by Daniel Senkowski and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Auditory and Visual Temporally Selective Attention on Electrophysiological Indices of Early Perceptual Processing written by P. Taylor and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Temporally selective attention is preferential processing of sensory information at selected time points. Event-related potential (ERP) studies have shown that auditory temporal attention modulates perceptual processing by 80ms after sound onset, as does auditory spatial attention. The shortest-latency efforts of visual temporal attention on perceptual processing are consistently later than for visual spatial attention. Methodological differences in previous measures of temporal attention prevented direct comparisons between modalities. Most studies of temporal attention lacked distractors, which influence spatial attention, and may impact temporal selection. In four ERP experiments, participants were trained to attend to a time around 500, 1000, or 1500 ms after trial onset, to detect rare deviants among common standards. Auditory or visual stimuli were presented as single isolated events or among sequences of temporal distractors. Distractors increased auditory performance over visual at the long times, and decreased it at the short times, though overall performance was equal across modality. Three experiments showed a decrease in temporal discrimination from better at shorter than medium, to worst at long times; in the experiment with auditory distractors, there was no effect of deviant presentation time. A negativity leading up to attended times (CNV) may have indexed timing-related processing. Independently, both targets and non-target standards/probes at attended times elicited a larger posterior positivity ~300 ms after onset (P3) compared to identical stimuli at unattended times. In both auditory experiments temporal attention appeared to elicit larger negativities in the auditory N1 time window to non-target standards/probes. Temporal attention also appeared to increase visual N1 amplitude, but only with single stimuli without distractors. Modulations of perceptual processing were observed at shorter latencies for sounds (auditory N1) than images (visual N1). Individual variation was indexed by a positive correlation across all experiments in the ability to discriminate between temporal intervals. Behavioral ability to discriminate the time intervals did not explain variability in effects on early perceptual processing (N1). Differences in temporal attention between the visual and auditory modalities likely exist. Temporal attention may act earlier in the auditory modality than visual, independent of experimental paradigm.

Download or read book The Cognitive Electrophysiology of Mind and Brain written by Alberto Zani and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2002-10-02 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When his beloved donkey becomes ill, a young Italian boy is determined to take her to the crypt of St. Francis in Assisi in hopes of making her well.

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Event Related Potential Components written by Steven J. Luck and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2012-01-12 with total page 665 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Event-Related Potential Components provides a detailed and comprehensive overview of the major ERP components. It covers components related to multiple research domains, including perception, cognition, emotion, neurological and psychiatric disorders, and lifespan development.

Download or read book The Neural Substrate of Selective Attention written by Anne-Marie Shelley and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 946 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Attention written by Neville Moray and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-27 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The early years of modern experimental psychology were marked by a considerable amount of research on attention, and much work was carried out in the laboratories of Wundt, Titchener and Helmholtz. For various reasons, research on attention declined from 1920 until the 1950s. Under the early philosophy of behaviourism, attention became suspect as a ‘mentalistic’ concept. At the time of original publication in 1969, however, much work had been done to quantify and make objective research in this area. This was of increasing importance in a world dominated by communication networks, and ‘man-machine’ systems, in which the human element is the weakest link due to the limits on the rate at which man can handle information. Following the publication of Broadbent’s Perception and Communication in 1958, work on attention had begun to pour from an ever increasing number of laboratories. This book is dedicated to summarising what we knew, and attempts to survey the behavioural research in vision and hearing which throw light on how we share and direct attention, what are the limits of attention, to make some general methodological recommendations, to review current theories of the time, and to provide a guide to the relevant physiological work. As far as possible, work on memory has been omitted. A bibliography of the major work to the spring of 1969 is included.

Download or read book Cognitive Electrophysiology of Attention written by George R. Mangun and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-08-31 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive Electrophysiology of Attention explores the fundamental mechanisms of attention and related cognitive functions from cognitive neuroscience perspectives. Attention is an essential cognitive ability that enables humans to process and act upon relevant information while ignoring distracting information, and the capacity to focus attention is at the core of mental functioning. Understanding the neural bases of human attention remains a key challenge for neuroscientists and psychologists, and is essential for translational efforts to treat attentional deficits in a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Cognitive electrophysiology is at the center of a multidisciplinary approach that involves the efforts of psychologists, neuroscientists, neuropsychologists, psychiatrists, and neurologists to identify basic brain mechanisms and develop translational approaches to improve mental health. This edited volume is authored by leading investigators in the field and discusses methods focused on electrophysiological recordings in humans, including electroencephalography (EEG) and event-related potential (ERP) methods, and also incorporates evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Cognitive Electrophysiology of Attention illuminates specific models about attentional mechanisms in vision, audition, multisensory integration, memory, and semantic processing in humans. Provides an exhaustive overview of attention processes, going from normal functioning to the pathological, and using a combination of methodological tools An important reference for electrophysiology researchers looking at underlying attention processes rather than the methods themselves Enables researchers across a broad range of cognitive-process and methodological specialties to stay current on particular hypotheses, findings, and methods Edited and authored by the worldwide leaders in the field, affording the broadest, most expert coverage available

Download or read book Localising the Electrophysiological Correlates Selective Attention Using High density Electroencephalography written by Dion Terry Henare and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A typical visual scene includes many objects, but we are only aware of a small subset at any given time. In order to function in the world in spite of this limitation, we must selectively attend to goal-relevant objects while ignoring or suppressing irrelevant information. Previous research has used electroencephalography (EEG) to isolate brain potentials related to the selection of visual "targets", the suppression of "distractors", and processing in visual short term memory. Target selection is associated with the N2pc component of the visual evoked potential. N2pc typically occurs 180-250ms post-stimulus and manifests as increased negative voltage at posterior scalp electrodes contralateral to visual targets. A later potential with a more temporal scalp distribution, the Ptc, has been associated with the suppression of distractors, and a third final component, the SPCN, is believed to index visual short term memory processing. Here, we employed high-density EEG to provide evidence for the dissociation of N2pc, Ptc, and SPCN as well as estimates of their likely cortical generators. Participants responded to the orientation of a coloured target in amongst a circle of gray fillers while ignoring a coloured distractor. In half of the trials the target was lateralised while the distractor was on the midline, in the remaining trials this was reversed. This allowed us to dissociate the effects of targets and distractors. Our data show that the neural generators of the N2pc and Ptc are spatially dissociable, while the SPCN co-localises with the N2pc. This confirms previous indications that the N2pc, Ptc, and SPCN are functionally independent components of the VEP which index attentional selection, distractor suppression, and visual short term memory respectively.

Download or read book An Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Selective Attention in Humans Using Functional Imaging written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Selective Attention in Humans Using Functional Imaging written by Geraint Rees and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cognitive Components in Cerebral Event related Potentials and Selective Attention written by John E. Desmedt and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Behavioral and Electrophysiological Correlates of Attention and Cross modal Distraction written by Lindsay Bell and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Attention refers to the selective allocation of processing resources. This allocation of resources is said to be greatly influenced by the presence of emotional stimuli within the perceptual array, as these stimuli may signal threat or reward. Accordingly, psychological models of visual attention predict that the processing of emotionally arousing stimuli will be enhanced compared to cues lacking such emotional relevance. Several prior neurocognitive studies have demonstrated an increased attentional response in the visual cortex related to the processing of emotional stimuli. However, the influence of emotional stimuli on behavioral response remains unclear. The present study examined the neural and behavioral responses to a visual arithmetic task in the presence of distracters in order to investigate whether the presence of these stimuli influenced attentional processing. Participants completed a series of simple arithmetic problems while high arousal, low arousal, and no-information visual and auditory distracters were presented. The accuracy of responding to arithmetic problems was analyzed as well as the steady-state visual evoked potential elicited by the primary task. This event-related potential was employed as an electrophysiological measure of the allocation of attention, as the amplitude of the sinosuidal waveform is increased significantly with attention. The results of this study revealed that highly arousing distracters impaired the accuracy of responding to the arithmetic problems compared to low arousal and no-information distracters. The examination of the amplitude of the steady-state visual evoked potential revealed that high arousal auditory distracters withdrew attentional processing from the primary visual task, whereas high arousal visual distracters led to a visual facilitation effect. A discussion of these findings and their relationship to previous attentional processing studies is provided.

Download or read book Electrophysiological Investigation of Feature based Attention During Object Perception written by Boge Bobby Stojanoski and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Attentional Capture written by Bradley S. Gibson and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The notion that certain mental or physical events can capture attention has been one of the most enduring topics in the study of attention owing to the importance of understanding how goal-directed and stimulus-driven processes interact in perception and cognition. Despite the clear theoretical and applied importance of attentional capture, a broad survey of this field suggests that the term "capture" means different things to different people. In some cases, it refers to covert shifts of spatial attention, in others involuntary saccades, and in still others general disruption of processing by irrelevant stimuli. The properties that elicit "capture" can also range from abruptly onset or moving lights, to discontinuities in textures, to unexpected tones, to emotionally valenced words or pictures, to directional signs and symbols. Attentional capture has been explored in both the spatial and temporal domains as well as the visual and auditory modalities. There are also a number of different theoretical perspectives on the mechanisms underlying "capture" (both functional and neurophysiological) and the level of cognitive control over capture. This special issue provides a sampling of the diversity of approaches, domains, and theoretical perspectives that currently exist in the study of attentional capture. Together, these contributions should help evaluate the degree to which attentional capture represents a unitary construct that reflects fundamental theoretical principles and mechanisms of the mind.

Download or read book Visual selective attention written by Albertus Anthonie Wijers and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: