Download or read book Electrochromic Polymers and Their Devices written by Michael Anthony Invernale and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electrochromic Materials and Devices written by Roger J. Mortimer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-10-26 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrochromic materials can change their properties under the influence of an electrical voltage or current. Different classes of materials show this behavior such as transition metal oxides, conjugated polymers, metal-coordinated complexes and organic molecules. As the color change is persistent, the electric field needs only to be applied to initiate the switching, allowing for applications such as low-energy consumption displays, light-adapting mirrors in the automobile industry and smart windows for which the amount of transmitted light and heat can be controlled. The first part of this book describes the different classes and processing techniques of electrochromic materials. The second part highlights nanostructured electrochromic materials and device fabrication, and the third part focuses on the applications such as smart windows, adaptive camouflage, biomimicry, wearable displays and fashion. The last part rounds off the book by device case studies and environmental impact issues.
Download or read book Electrochromic Devices from Windows to Fabric written by Michael Anthony Invernale and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation focuses on electrochromic and conducting polymers and devices thereof. Chapter 3: An ion storage layer, poly(thieno[3,4- b]thiophene), was used in the assembly of electrochromic devices (ECDs). Its high-doping level and low-absorption in the visible region in both its oxidized and neutral states makes it an ideal candidate for use as an ion shuttling layer in ECDs. This layer did not distort ECD color, nor does it have a yellowed tint to it (as some previous materials) that may distort vision over time. The characterization of a novel substituted 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene, 1,3-dimethyl (1,3-DM-ProDOT), is also presented. Chapter 4: The precursor polymer method, which imparts solubility and processability to electrochromic precursors, allowed for the preparation of electrochromics inside assembled solid-state devices. The same polymeric material can be made through in situ conversion (oxidation inside an assembled device) as via solution methods (ex situ conversion via electrochemical or chemical oxidation), saving a step in device preparation. Clean substrates were not needed for this method, removing another step in device production. A study of the effects of precursor film thickness, gel electrolyte composition (including the use of ionic liquids), and comparison to traditionally assembled (ex situ) devices is illustrated therein. These precursor polymers have also been ink-jetted, expanding their utility to a large variety of complex electronics. Further, the use of these materials to prepare easily-assembled electrochromic sunglasses is discussed. The in situ method was also extended to using monomers inside of the electrolyte and electropolymerization thereof. This method offers a simpler still method for ECD assembly. This system was studied with respect to higher contrasts and unique patterning abilities, as well as for a variety of chromophores. Chapter 5: A new side-chain based precursor polymer was developed using a single pendant heterocycle. This represents a simpler synthetic route to soluble side-chain precursor polymers. As a comparison, a trimeric unit composed of this single heterocycle attached to a central thiophene unit is also incorporated into the side chain precursor polymer method. Films of both are compared with respect to conversion conditions, electrochromic properties, and ease of synthetic procedure. Further, electrospun nanofibers of the single-heterocycle pendant material were prepared and studied, showing higher contrasts. Chapter 6: Aqueous conversion of a precursor polymer to an electrochromic was accomplished and investigated towards greener processing for conjugated polymers. It is shown that the material which is obtained by conversion in aqueous electrolyte is identical, or nearly identical, to that prepared using conventional, organic electrolytes (based upon spectral and colorimetric data). Both side-chain and main-chain precursor polymers are converted via this method, which involved pre-loading of a salt into the prepared film prior to oxidative conversion to the conjugated material. Chapter 7: Fabric-based electrochromic devices were developed, using a new device design. These devices do not require the use of a popular electrode material, indium-doped tin oxide (ITO), in their construction. Reflective ECDs were built with these fabrics, representing a significant step towards the realization of wearable displays. Stainless steel woven meshes are used, as well as PEDOT-PSS loaded spandex. Several device architectures have been described, allowing for two-sided displays to be envisioned. Further, the use of carbon black loaded poly(caprolactone) (CB-PCL) films as a counter electrode for these spandex devices was also achieved, showing the versatility of electrode systems that could be used with this system. A study of the effects of underlying substrate color on the electrochromic was also undertaken. Chapter 8: A new template, sulfonated poly(amic acid), was used to prepare PEDOT dispersions (PEDOT-SPAA). Previous work with a colleague has shown that DNA can also template polymerize EDOT to PEDOT, resulting in biocompatible and bioactive films. This template system was chosen to enhance the overall thermal stability of the conducting polymer. Conversion of the SPAA template to the imide form, SPI, resulted in high thermal stability as compared to conventionally prepared and commercially available PEDOT-PSS. Enhanced conductivity (10-fold enhancement) has been observed, without doping, upon conversion to the imide (PEDOT-SPI), resulting from the morphological changes that result from this conversion. Further expansion of this work includes the use of a different conducting polymer (poly(aniline) [PANi] and poly(pyrrole) [PPy]), a different template material (sulfonated Kapton© type amides and imides), as well as an exploration of the potential use of a variety of thermally stable dopants as compared to traditional systems used with PEDOT-PSS.
Download or read book Electrochromic Smart Materials written by Jian Wei Xu and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2019-01-04 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrochromic Smart Materials covers major topics related to the phenomenon of electrochromism, including fundamental principles, classes and subclasses of electrochromic materials, device processing and manufacturing.
Download or read book Electrochromic Materials and Devices written by Roger J. Mortimer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-07-27 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrochromic materials can change their properties under the influence of an electrical voltage or current. Different classes of materials show this behavior such as transition metal oxides, conjugated polymers, metal-coordinated complexes and organic molecules. As the color change is persistent, the electric field needs only to be applied to initiate the switching, allowing for applications such as low-energy consumption displays, light-adapting mirrors in the automobile industry and smart windows for which the amount of transmitted light and heat can be controlled. The first part of this book describes the different classes and processing techniques of electrochromic materials. The second part highlights nanostructured electrochromic materials and device fabrication, and the third part focuses on the applications such as smart windows, adaptive camouflage, biomimicry, wearable displays and fashion. The last part rounds off the book by device case studies and environmental impact issues.
Download or read book Metal Electrodeposition written by Magdalena Nuñez and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2005 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrochemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the chemical action of electricity and the production of electricity by chemical reactions. In a world short of energy sources yet long on energy use, electrochemistry is a critical component of the mix necessary to keep the world economies growing. Electrochemistry is involved with such important applications as batteries, fuel cells, corrosion studies, hydrogen energy conversion, and bioelectricity. Research on electrolytes, cells, and electrodes is within the scope of this old but extremely dynamic field. This book details advances in metal electrodeposition.
Download or read book Electrochromism written by Paul M. S. Monk and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-09-26 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrochromic devices have a number of important commercial applications, for instance in displays, as optical shutters, and as modulators for mirrors, windows, and sun-glasses. Electrochromism - Fundamentals and Applications is the first in-depth treatise on the topic. Written by leading scientists in the field, it is a state-of-the-art account of all aspects of electrochromism, presented at a level accessible to chemists, physicists, materials scientists and engineers. Both the physical and chemical background of electrochromic phenomena are described and a comprehensive survey of both organic and inorganic compounds and systems is given. Special emphasis is placed on providing detailed, hands-on information on applications and potential uses of electrochromic systems. This book is essential reading for scientists active in the field and for anyone wishing to enter the field. An extensive list of carefully chosen references rounds off this valuable reference source.
Download or read book Polymer Electrolytes written by Tan Winie and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-02-18 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview of the main characterization techniques of polymer electrolytes and their applications in electrochemical devices Polymer Electrolytes is a comprehensive and up-to-date guide to the characterization and applications of polymer electrolytes. The authors ? noted experts on the topic ? discuss the various characterization methods, including impedance spectroscopy and thermal characterization. The authors also provide information on the myriad applications of polymer electrolytes in electrochemical devices, lithium ion batteries, supercapacitors, solar cells and electrochromic windows. Over the past three decades, researchers have been developing new polymer electrolytes and assessed their application potential in electrochemical and electrical power generation, storage, and conversion systems. As a result, many new polymer electrolytes have been found, characterized, and applied in electrochemical and electrical devices. This important book: -Reviews polymer electrolytes, a key component in electrochemical power sources, and thus benefits scientists in both academia and industry -Provides an interdisciplinary resource spanning electrochemistry, physical chemistry, and energy applications -Contains detailed and comprehensive information on characterization and applications of polymer electrolytes Written for materials scientists, physical chemists, solid state chemists, electrochemists, and chemists in industry professions, Polymer Electrolytes is an essential resource that explores the key characterization techniques of polymer electrolytes and reveals how they are applied in electrochemical devices.
Download or read book Electrochromism and Electrochromic Devices written by Paul Monk and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-11-15 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrochromic materials, both organic and inorganic, have widespread applications in light-attenuation, displays and analysis. Written in an accessible manner, this book provides a comprehensive treatment of all types of electrochromic systems and their many applications. Coverage develops from electrochromic scope and history to new searching presentations of optical quantification and theoretical mechanistic models. Non-electrode electrochromism and photo-electrochromism are summarised, with updated comprehensive reviews of electrochromic oxides (tungsten-trioxide particularly), metal co-ordination complexes and metal-cyanometallates, viologens and other organics; and more recent exotics such as fullerenes, hydrides, and conjugated electroactive polymers are also covered. The book concludes by examining device construction and durability. With an extensive bibliography, recent advances in the field, modern applications and a step-by-step development from simple examples to sophisticated theories, this book is ideal for researchers in materials science, polymer science, electrical engineering, physics, chemistry, bioscience and (applied) optoelectronics.
Download or read book Smart Textiles and Their Applications written by Vladan Koncar and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-04-22 with total page 748 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Smart Textiles and Their Applications outlines the fundamental principles of applied smart textiles, also reporting on recent trends and research developments. Scientific issues and proposed solutions are presented in a rigorous and constructive way that fully presents the various results, prototypes, and case-studies obtained from academic and industrial laboratories worldwide. After an introduction to smart textiles and their applications from the editor, Part One reviews smart textiles for medical purposes, including their use in health monitoring, treatment delivery, and assistive technologies. Part Two covers smart textiles for transportation and energy, with chapters covering smart textiles for the monitoring of structures and processes, as well as smart textiles for energy generation. The final section considers smart textiles for protection, security, and communication, and includes chapters covering electrochromic textile displays, textile antennas, and smart materials for personal protective equipment. - Scientific issues and proposed solutions are presented in a rigorous and constructive way regarding various results, prototypes, and case-studies obtained from academic and industrial laboratories worldwide - Useful for researchers and postgraduate students, and also for existing companies and start-ups that are developing products involving smart textiles - Authored and edited by an international team who are experts in the field ensure comprehensive coverage and global relevance
Download or read book Nanostructured Electrochromic Materials for Smart Switchable Windows written by Avinash Balakrishnan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-26 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on next-generation smart windows which can change their optical-physical properties by reflecting and/or transmitting incoming light radiation to attain comfortable indoor temperatures throughout the year. Offers in-depth discussion of a range of materials and devices related to different technologies used in manufacturing smart windows Discusses basic principles, materials synthesis and thin film fabrication, and optical and electrochemical characterization techniques
Download or read book Applications of Electroactive Polymers written by Ger Stienen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electroactive polymers have been the object of increasing academic and industrial interest and in the past ten to fifteen years substantial progress has been achieved in the development and the characterization of this important new class of conducting materials. These materials are usually classified in two large groups, according to the mode of their electric transport. One group includes polymers having transport almost exclusively of the ionic type and they are often called 'polymer electrolytes' or, in a broader way, 'polymer ionics'. The other group includes polymeric materials where the transport mechanism is mainly electronic in nature and which are commonly termed 'conducting polymers'. Ionically conducting polymers or polymer ionics may be typically described as polar macromolecular solids in which one or more of a wide range of salts has been dissolved. The most classic example is the combina tion of poly(ethylene oxide), PEO, and lithium salts, LiX. These PEO-LiX polymer ionics were first described and proposed for applications just over ten years ago. The practical relevance of these new materials was im mediately recognized and in the course of a few years the field expanded tremendously with the involvement of many academic and industrial lab oratories. Following this diversified research activity, the ionic transport mechanism in polymer ionics was soon established and this has led to the development of new host polymers of various types, new salts and advanced polymer architectures which have enabled room temperature conductivity to be raised by several orders of magnitude.
Download or read book Applications of Electroactive Polymers written by Bruno Scrosati and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1993-05-31 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electroactive polymers have been the object of increasing academic and industrial interest and in the past ten to fifteen years substantial progress has been achieved in the development and the characterization of this important new class of conducting materials. These materials are usually classified in two large groups, according to the mode of their electric transport. One group includes polymers having transport almost exclusively of the ionic type and they are often called 'polymer electrolytes' or, in a broader way, 'polymer ionics'. The other group includes polymeric materials where the transport mechanism is mainly electronic in nature and which are commonly termed 'conducting polymers'. Ionically conducting polymers or polymer ionics may be typically described as polar macromolecular solids in which one or more of a wide range of salts has been dissolved. The most classic example is the combina tion of poly(ethylene oxide), PEO, and lithium salts, LiX. These PEO-LiX polymer ionics were first described and proposed for applications just over ten years ago. The practical relevance of these new materials was im mediately recognized and in the course of a few years the field expanded tremendously with the involvement of many academic and industrial lab oratories. Following this diversified research activity, the ionic transport mechanism in polymer ionics was soon established and this has led to the development of new host polymers of various types, new salts and advanced polymer architectures which have enabled room temperature conductivity to be raised by several orders of magnitude.
Download or read book Handbook of Inorganic Electrochromic Materials written by C.G. Granqvist and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1995-03-16 with total page 651 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrochromic materials are able to change their optical properties in a persistent and reversible way under the action of a voltage pulse. This book explores electrochromism among the metal oxides, with detailed discussions of materials preparation (primarily by thin film technology), materials characterization by (electro)chemical and physical techniques, optical properties, electrochromic device design, and device performance. The vast quantity of information presented is structured in a systematic manner and the optical data is interpreted within a novel conceptual framework.The publication will serve as a comprehensive foundation and reference work for future studies within the rapidly expanding field of electrochromic materials and devices. These devices are of particular interest for information displays, variable-transmittance (smart) windows, variable-reflectance mirrors and variable-emittance surfaces.
Download or read book Materials for a Sustainable Future written by Trevor M. Letcher and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2012 with total page 829 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aimed at students, lecturers, researchers, and policy makers, this work describes current developments and points the way forward for new developments regarding materials in our society and how they relate to sustainability.
Download or read book Introduction to Materials Chemistry written by Harry R. Allcock and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-20 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Materials Chemistry will appeal to advanced undergraduates and graduate students in chemistry, materials science,and chemical engineering by leading them stepwise from the elementary chemistry on which materials science depends, through a discussion of the different classes of materials, and ending with a description of how materials are used in devices and general technology.
Download or read book Solid state Ionic Devices written by E. D. Wachsman and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on 1999 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
