Download or read book Electro chemical Stimulation of Neuromuscular Systems Using Ion selective Membranes written by Ragheb Mohamad Fawaz El Khaja and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spinal Cord injury (SCI) leads to paralysis, decrease in quality of life and high lifetime medical costs. Direct nerve Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) induces muscles to contract by electrically stimulating nerves, which shows promise for clinical applications in restoring muscle function in SC. However, Functional Electrical Stimulation is limited by the lack of graded response in muscle contraction and by high fatigability due to the reversal of recruitment order of motor units. Previous work showed that ion-selective membranes can be used to modulate Ca 2 ions in situ, decreasing the current threshold for nerve stimulation and eliciting a more graded muscle contraction response. This work developed polyimide-based cuff ion-selective electrodes to enable the future application of this technique in vivo. The developed electrodes were flexible, elastic and conductive. In vitro tests of the electrodes by stimulation of frog sciatic nerve reproduced the decrease in stimulation current threshold, which had been observed in planar glass-based electrodes, in the flexible polyimide-based electrodes. Additionally, cuffing the stimulated nerves with ion-selective electrodes was more effective at decreasing current threshold than planar stimulation. This work also analyzed data on twitch width, contraction time and relaxation time to infer effects of ion-selective electrodes on recruitment order. Stimulation with the ion-selective electrodes had higher twitch width, contraction time and relaxation time than traditional electrical stimulation at all force levels. The difference was particularly high at low force levels, indicating an effect of Calcium ion depletion on recruitment order.
Download or read book Principles of Measurement and Transduction of Biomedical Variables written by Vera Button and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-04-07 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Principles of Measurement and Transduction of Biomedical Variables is a comprehensive text on biomedical transducers covering the principles of functioning, application examples and new technology solutions. It presents technical and theoretical principles to measure biomedical variables, such as arterial blood pressure, blood flow, temperature and CO2 concentration in exhaled air and their transduction to an electrical variable, such as voltage, so they can be more easily quantified, processed and visualized as numerical values and graphics. The book includes the functioning principle, block diagram, modelling equations and basic application of different transducers, and is an ideal resource for teaching measurement and transduction of biomedical variables in undergraduate and postgraduate biomedical engineering programs. - Will help you to understand the design and functioning of biomedical transducers through practical examples and applied information - Covers MEMS and laser sensors - Reviews the range of devices and techniques available plus the advantages and shortcomings for each transducer type
Download or read book Electrochemical Neuromodulation Using Electrodes Modified with Ion selective Materials Based on the Physical Process of Ion concentration Polarization written by Matthew T. Flavin and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developing precise and effective means of modulating the human nervous system is an aspiration of the fields of neuroscience and neurotechnology. Our research group is approaching this challenge by constructing a prosthetic device that can perform focal chemical modulation of selected ions in the interstitial space of neural tissue. Its principle of operation is based on ion-concentration polarization (ICP) generated by polarization of electrodes covered with ion-selective membranes (ISMs). In order to optimize this modality in terms of clinical effect and safety, we require a more fundamental understanding of the physical processes that give rise to ICP of the selected ion. Broadly, the goal of this thesis is to: (1) present and validate mathematical models for the description and prediction of polarized ISM systems, and (2) characterize transport phenomena that are uniquely captured using these models. To start, we used a semi-empirical equilibrium model to compare the integral transference of several common membrane formulations in a physiological electrolyte. Then, we introduced a 1-D model of Nernst-Planck-Poisson (NPP) with kinetic ion-ionophore reaction that could be solved using the finite element method (FEM). Our analysis of this model focused on four key features: the interfacial transition regions at the contact planes between the aqueous and membrane phases, the intra-membrane reaction boundary layer (RBL), ICP arising in the aqueous phase, and ICP arising in the membrane phase. Lastly, we presented several multidimensional models of ion transport in the aqueous phase. This was used to examine processes that limit the lengthscale of aqueous ICP, such as forced convection and non-planar diffusion. Once fully realized, an ISM-based device could be used to manipulate extracellular ions in neural tissue to produce therapeutic effects. In the peripheral nervous system, this operation could potentially be used to lower the stimulus energy required to elicit muscle activation (via Ca 2 depletion), or block aberrantly firing nerves that characterize neuropathic pain disorders (via either K+ depletion or enhancement). Eventually, ISM-based stimulation could be applied to the central nervous system to address neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Download or read book Neurological Research Supported by the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke written by National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biomedical Index to PHS supported Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1060 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neural Interface Engineering written by Liang Guo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-05-04 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive reference to major neural interfacing technologies used to transmit signals between the physical world and the nervous system for repairing, restoring and even augmenting body functions. The authors discuss the classic approaches for neural interfacing, the major challenges encountered, and recent, emerging techniques to mitigate these challenges for better chronic performances. Readers will benefit from this book’s unprecedented scope and depth of coverage on the technology of neural interfaces, the most critical component in any type of neural prostheses. Provides comprehensive coverage of major neural interfacing technologies; Reviews and discusses both classic and latest, emerging topics; Includes classification of technologies to provide an easy grasp of research and trends in the field.
Download or read book Research Awards Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electrochemical Biosensors for Whole Blood Analysis written by Fan Xia and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-10-02 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book illustrates recent advances in developing sensitive and selective electrochemical biosensors for their whole blood application. Known to be a cutting-edge and fast-growing technology, electrochemical biosensors demonstrate their potential in laboratories, industries, and healthcare to achieve specific and direct target detection in complex media, and have become an emerging technology for guiding personalized medicine. The book first demonstrates methods and models to cover the detection of a variety of target molecules in whole blood, including ions, small molecules, nucleic acids, proteins, cells, etc. Then, it provides comments on various detection strategies employed to improve sensors' sensitivity, specificity, selectivity, and reproducibility as well as presenting the laws and principles. In addition, it summarizes achievements and challenges from recent years. Finally, it provides future perspectives and opportunities in electrochemical biosensors including point of care detection, molecular diagnostics and the integration of this sensor platform with multidisciplinary technologies, towards the ultimate goal of personalized medicine. The book integrates abundant viewpoints from multiple sciences and is helpful and valuable to a wide readership in the various fields of biochemistry, biophysics, bioengineering, and pharmaceutics.
Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modeling Electrochemical Dynamics and Signaling Mechanisms in Excitable Cells with Pathological Case Studies written by Tetsuya Watanabe and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-01-18 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modeling Electrochemical Dynamics and Signaling Mechanisms in Excitable Cells with Pathological Case Studies covers the neuronal cell communication system in excitable cells, recognizing the most relevant mechanisms of cell communication. Along with new findings in biotechnology, medicine and pathological cases for clinicians, the book highlights electrochemical potential in living nerve and muscle cells. Written for physiological scientists, pharmaceutical scientists, medical doctors, biologists and physicists, this book an essential read for a real understanding of the signals as we see them. Covers neuronal cell communication systems in excitable cells Presents new findings in biotechnology that are being applied in medicine and pathological cases Covers mathematical and physical bases for readers without background in these fields
Download or read book Research Grants Index written by National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Division of Research Grants and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 1264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book History of Neurology written by Stanley Finger and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-12-08 with total page 971 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Clinical Neurology: Volume 95 is the first of over 90 volumes of the handbook to be entirely devoted to the history of neurology. The book is a collection of historical materials from different neurology professionals. The book is divided into 6 sections and composed of 55 chapters organized around different aspects of the history of neurology. The first section presents the beginnings of neurology: ancient trepanation, its birth in Mesopotamia, ancient Egypt; the emergence of neurology in the biblical text and the Talmud; neurology in the Greco-Roman world and the period following Galen; neurological conditions in the European Middle Ages; and the development of neurology in the 17th and 18th centuries. The second section narrates the birth of localization theory; the beginning of neurology and histological applications, neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, surgical neurology and other anatomo-clinical methods. The third section covers further development of the discipline, including methods of neurological illustration and hospitals in neurology and neurosurgery. This section also narrates the history of child neurology, neurodisability and neuroendocrinology. It also features the application of molecular biology on clinical neurology. The fourth section describes the dysfunctions of the nervous system and their history. The fifth and last section covers the regional landmarks of neurology and the different treatments and recovery. The text is informative and useful for neuroscience or neurology professional, researchers, clinical practitioners, mental health experts, psychiatrists, and academic students and scholars in neurology.* A comprehensive accounting of historical developments and modern day advancements in the field of neurology* State-of-the-art information on topics including brain damage and dysfunctions of the nervous system* New treatments and recovery methods from redundancy to vicariation and neural transplantation, amongst others
Download or read book Low Temperature Biology of Insects written by David L. Denlinger and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-28 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low temperature is a major environmental constraint impacting the geographic distribution and seasonal activity patterns of insects. Written for academic researchers in environmental physiology and entomology, this book explores the physiological and molecular mechanisms that enable insects to cope with a cold environment and places these findings into an evolutionary and ecological context. An introductory chapter provides a primer on insect cold tolerance and subsequent chapters in the first section discuss the organismal, cellular and molecular responses that allow insects to survive in the cold despite their, at best, limited ability to regulate their own body temperature. The second section, highlighting the evolutionary and macrophysiological responses to low temperature, is especially relevant for understanding the impact of global climate change on insect systems. A final section translates the knowledge gained from the rest of the book into practical applications including cryopreservation and the augmentation of pest management strategies.
Download or read book Subject Index of Current Research Grants and Contracts Administered by the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute written by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Elsevier s Integrated Physiology E Book written by Robert G. Carroll and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2006-12-04 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each title in the new Integrated series focuses on the core knowledge in a specific basic science discipline, while linking that information to related concepts from other disciplines. Case-based questions at the end of each chapter enable you to gauge your mastery of the material, and a color-coded format allows you to quickly find the specific guidance you need. Bonus STUDENT CONSULT access - included with the text - allows you to conveniently access the book's content online · clip content to your handheld device · link to content in other STUDENT CONSULT titles · and more! These concise and user-friendly references provide crucial guidance for the early years of medical training, as well as for exam preparation. - Includes case-based questions at the end of each chapter - Features a colour-coded format to facilitate quick reference and promote effective retention - Offers access to STUDENT CONSULT! At www.studentconsult.com, you'll find the complete text and illustrations of the book online, fully searchable · "Integration Links" to bonus content in other STUDENT CONSULT titles · content clipping for handheld devices · an interactive community center with a wealth of additional resources · and much more!
Download or read book NINCDS Index to Research Grants Subject Number Investigator Contracts written by National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NINCDS index to research grants and contracts written by National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
