Download or read book Electrical Power Generation from Residual Biomass by Combustion in Externally Fired Gas Turbines EFGT written by Mathhar Abdelmahdi A. Bdour and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rising interest in developing gas turbines make it important to investigate them in energy generation from solid biomass. Addiotionally, externally fired gas turbine plant has the advantage of solid fuel flexibility. Pressure and air mass flow through the clean cycle side are optimized to provide the maximum power. Hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) is integrated beside the real combustion process. It serves in being more flexible in tuning plant parameters for several values, for instance, heat exchanger design, compressor and turbine efficiencies, and pressure and mass flow values.ger

Download or read book Thermoeconomic Analysis and Optimisation of Biomass Fuel Gas Turbines written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ready availability of biomass in Brazil makes this type of fuel a major candidate to integrate the country's energy matrix. Although this fuel is used as a primary energy source, its use for electricity generation is still modest. On the other hand, high efficiency and power density achieved by modem gas turbine engines make them a promising option for the power generation market. Thus, this thesis has as main objective to analyse the marriage between the solid fuel, biomass in this case, and gas turbines. Two main types of power plants are studied; the biomass integrated gasification gas turbine cycle (BIGGT) and the externally fired cycle (EFGT), which for the first time is thoroughly studied for the use of biomass fuel, plus the intercooled and recuperated variants of these power plants. The results are compared with the ordinary natural gas fuelled cycle. The method involves on- and off-design point performance and exergy analysis. The economic performance and optimisation for each cycle is also explored in order to assess their feasibility. The optimisation technique adopted is the Genetic Algorithm (GA) connected to the conventional hill-climbing methodology. This merge uses the GA to identify the region of optimum values, which are then passed on to the hill-climbing algorithm. In this way the long time demanded by the GA to converge is shortened and the unreliability of the hill-climbing method in finding the global optimum is overcome. The codes developed for design-point performance analysis and optimisation, compared with a commercial package, proved reliable and robust. The tools developed for exergy analysis (on- and off-design) are also robust and flexible, with the capability of analysing and calculating the properties of mixtures made of 23 different gases. The emissions equations are sufficiently accurate for the purposes of this thesis. The relationship proposed for calculating the variable operating and maintenance costs proved to be consisten.

Download or read book Repowering Solid Fuel Biomass Electricity Generation written by Jaquelyn Birdsall and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Indirectly Fired Gas Turbine for Rural Electricity Productionfrom Biomass Final Report written by Biomass Technology Group BV (BTG) (NL). and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book RESULTS OF THE TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS FOR A NOVEL BIOMASS GASIFICATION BASED POWER GENERATION SYSTEM FOR THE FOREST PRODUCTS INDUSTRY written by Joseph Rabovitser and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2001, the Gas Technology Institute (GTI) entered into Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-01NT41108 with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) for an Agenda 2020 project to develop an advanced biomass gasification-based power generation system for near-term deployment in the Forest Products Industry (FPI). The advanced power system combines three advanced components, including biomass gasification, 3-stage stoker-fired combustion for biomass conversion, and externally recuperated gas turbines (ERGTs) for power generation. The primary performance goals for the advanced power system are to provide increased self-generated power production for the mill and to increase wastewood utilization while decreasing fossil fuel use. Additional goals are to reduce boiler NOx and CO{sub 2} emissions. The current study was conducted to determine the technical and economic feasibility of an Advanced Power Generation System capable of meeting these goals so that a capital investment decision can be made regarding its implementation at a paper mill demonstration site in DeRidder, LA. Preliminary designs and cost estimates were developed for all major equipment, boiler modifications and balance of plant requirements including all utilities required for the project. A three-step implementation plan was developed to reduce technology risk. The plant design was found to meet the primary objectives of the project for increased bark utilization, decreased fossil fuel use, and increased self-generated power in the mill. Bark utilization for the modified plant is significantly higher (90-130%) than current operation compared to the 50% design goal. For equivalent steam production, the total gas usage for the fully implemented plant is 29% lower than current operation. While the current average steam production from No. 2 Boiler is about 213,000 lb/h, the total steam production from the modified plant is 379,000 lb/h. This steam production increase will be accomplished at a grate heat release rate (GHRR) equal to the original boiler design. Boiler efficiencies (cogeneration-steam plus air) is increased from the original design value of 70% to 78.9% due to a combination of improved burnout, operation with lower excess air, and drier fuel. For the fully implemented plant, the thermal efficiency of fuel to electricity conversion is 79.8% in the cogeneration mode, 5% above the design goal. Finally, self-generated electricity will be increased from the 10.8 MW currently attributable to No. 2 Boiler to 46.7MW, an increase of 332%. Environmental benefits derived from the system include a reduction in NOx emissions from the boiler of about 30-50% (90-130 tons/year) through syngas reburning, improved carbon burnout and lower excess air. This does not count NOx reduction that may be associated with replacement of purchased electricity. The project would reduce CO{sub 2} emissions from the generation of electricity to meet the mill's power requirements, including 50,000 tons/yr from a net reduction in gas usage in the mill and an additional 410,000 tons/yr reduction in CO{sub 2} emissions due to a 34 MW reduction of purchased electricity. The total CO{sub 2} reduction amounts to about 33% of the CO{sub 2} currently generated to meet the mills electricity requirement. The overall conclusion of the study is that while significant engineering challenges are presented by the proposed system, they can be met with operationally acceptable and cost effective solutions. The benefits of the system can be realized in an economic manner, with a simple payback period on the order of 6 years. The results of the study are applicable to many paper mills in the U.S. firing woodwastes and other solid fuels for steam and power production.

Download or read book Impact Study on the Use of Biomass derived Fuels in Gas Turbines for Power Generation written by C. A. Moses and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report evaluates the properties of fuels derived from biomass, both gaseous and liquid, against the fuel requirements of gas turbine systems for generating electrical power. The report attempts to be quantitative rather than merely qualitative to establish the significant variations in their properties of biomass fuels from those of conventional fuels. Three general categories are covered:performance, durability, and storage and handling.

Download or read book Impact Study on the Use of Biomass derived Fuels in Gas Turbines for Power Generation written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report evaluates the properties of fuels derived from biomass, both gaseous and liquid, against the fuel requirements of gas turbine systems for gernating electrical power. The report attempts to be quantitative rather than merely qualitative to establish the significant variations in the properties of biomass fuels from those of conventional fuels. Three general categories are covered: performance, durability, and storage and handling.

Download or read book The Exergy Method of Thermal Plant Analysis written by T. J. Kotas and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Exergy Method of Thermal Plant Analysis aims to discuss the history, related concepts, applications, and development of the Exergy Method - analysis technique that uses the Second Law of Thermodynamics as the basis of evaluation of thermodynamic loss. The book, after an introduction to thermodynamics and its related concepts, covers concepts related to exergy, such as physical and chemical exergy, exergy concepts for a control method and a closed-system analysis, the exergy analysis of simple processes, and the thermocentric applications of exergy. A seven-part appendix is also included. Appendices A-D covers miscellaneous information on exergy, and Appendix E features charts of thermodynamic properties. Appendix F is a glossary of terms, and Appendix G contains the list of references. The text is recommended for physicists who would like to know more about the Exergy Method, its underlying principles, and its applications not only in thermal plant analysis but also in certain areas.

Download or read book Evaluation of Biomass Systems for Electricity Generation written by E.S. Lipinsky and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides state-of-the-art information and evaluation of alternative biomass systems for generation of electricity. The biomass systems consist of silvicultural or agricultural resources, processing and conversion technology to make biomass -derived fuels, and electricity -generating technology. The systems are delineated in energy network charts and are evaluated in matrices that display biomass -system alternatives and multiple technical, economic, and environmental -impact criteria. Biomass systems present opportunities for electric utilities to obtain a portion of their future fuel supplies from renewable resources. The potential availability of forestry biomass dwarfs other biomass resources in the United States. A few utilities already have small-scale (10-30 Mlle) wood combustion units and use biomass because it costs less than alternative fuels in their specific geographical areas. Biomass may be a particularly attractive option for smaller utilities, because the locally available resource may more nearly match the anticipated sizes of equipment needed for generation additions than would be true for large utilities that would use coal in unit trainloads. Opportunities to cooperate with the forest products industry in cogeneration ventures could be highly advantageous because of the complementary resources, skills, and equipment of the organizations. Although the emphasis in raw lignocellulosic biomass utilization probably will bein direct combustion, woody or agricultural residues might be gasified to yield low -Btu gas or medium -Btu gas for use in boilers designed for gas or oil. Existing combustion equipment designed for oil or gas might use fuels derived from a wider variety of biomass resources. Triglycerides are liquid fuels that could be made from oilseeds. They could be used in gas turbines, diesels, or oil -design boilers. Methanol derived from wood (or coal) could be used for gas turbines. Availability and price will be major constraints on liquid and gaseous biomass fuels. Terpene crops and aquatic crops could have good prospects in the 21st century because they use territory that is not in great demand; however, they are at a nearly stage of research now.

Download or read book Simulation of Externally Fired Gas Turbine Configurations for Micro scale Biomass Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Open Brayton cycle -- EFGT cycle -- Thermal fluid simulation -- Power generation -- Oop Brayton siklus -- EVGT-siklus -- Termo-vloei simulasie -- Kragopwekking

Download or read book The Biogas Handbook written by Arthur Wellinger and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-02-19 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With increasing pressures to utilize wastes effectively and sustainably, biogas production represents one of the most important routes towards reaching renewable energy targets. This comprehensive reference on the development and deployment of biogas supply chains and technology reviews the role of biogas in the energy mix and outlines the range of biomass and waste resources for biogas production. Contributors provide detailed coverage of anaerobic digestion for the production of biogas and review the utilization of biogas for various applications. They consider all aspects in the biogas production chain from the origin of the biomass feedstocks, feedstock selection and preparation, the anaerobic digestion process, biogas plant equipment design and operation, through to utilization of the biogas for energy production and the residue, the digestate, which can be used as a biofertilizer. The book also addresses biogas utilization, and explores environmental impacts and commercial market applications. Table of Contents: Biogas as an energy option: An overview Part 1 Biomass resources, feedstock treatment and biogas production: Biomass resources for biogas production; Analysis and characterisation of biogas feedstocks; Storage and pre-treatment of substrates for biogas production; Fundamental science and engineering of the anaerobic digestion process for biogas production; Optimisation of biogas yields from anaerobic digestion by feedstock type; Anaerobic digestion as a key technology for biomass valorisation: Roles and contribution to the energy balance of biofuel chains Part 2 Plant design, engineering, process optimisation and digestate utilization: Design and engineering of biogas plants; Energy flows in biogas plants: Analysis and implications for plant design; Process control in biogas plants; Methane emissions in biogas production; Biogas digestate quality and utilization; Land application of digestate Part 3 Biogas utilisation: international experience and best practice: Biogas cleaning; Biogas up-grading to biomethane; Biomethane injection into natural gas networks; Generation of heat and power from biogas for stationery applications: Boilers, gas engines and turbines, combined heat and power (CHP) plants and fuel cells; Biomethane for transport applications; Market development and certification schemes for biomethane

Download or read book Assessment of Novel Power Generation Systems for the Biomass Industry written by and published by . This book was released on 1911 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this programme of research is to produce a method for assessing and optimising the performance of advanced gas turbine power plants for electricity generation within the Brazilian electric sector. With the privatisation of the Brazilian electric sector, interest has been given to the thermal plants and studies have been carried out along with the use of other alternative fuels rather than fossil fuels. Biomass is a fuel of increasing interest for power generation systems since it is clean and renewable. Essentially all biomass power plants in the Brazilian market today operate on a steam Rankine cycle, which has a poor efficiency. The Brazilian electricity market has paid attention on Biomass integrated gasification gas turbine (BIG/GT) combined cycle plants where solid biomass is gasified. A simple chemical model for representing the gasifier in the power plant is presented and optimisation of the gasification process has been applied. The method for assessing the performance of power plants takes into account not only energy, but it applies the exergy method, which uses the second law of thermodynamics and works out the destruction of energy inside plant components and energy losses rejected to atmosphere. A thermoeconomic model for assessing the power plant has also been described. The optimisation of the assessment method of power plants using exergy and thermoeconomics has been proposed based on genetic algorithms. This new technique has been fairly successful at solving optimisation problems and is easy to implement. The decision of applying genetic algorithms is due to the complexity of the mathematical model applied in the performance assessment of power plants. The assessment of combined cycles like gas / steam cycle, gas / air cycle, gas / steam / freon cycle, gas / air / freon cycle and chemically recuperated gas turbine have been investigated. The application of the overall assessment method helps to understand different and very expensi.

Download or read book BIOMASS GASIFICATION AND POWER GENERATION USING ADVANCED GAS TURBINE SYSTEMS written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multidisciplined team led by the United Technologies Research Center (UTRC) and consisting of Pratt & Whitney Power Systems (PWPS), the University of North Dakota Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC), KraftWork Systems, Inc. (kWS), and the Connecticut Resource Recovery Authority (CRRA) has evaluated a variety of gasified biomass fuels, integrated into advanced gas turbine-based power systems. The team has concluded that a biomass integrated gasification combined-cycle (BIGCC) plant with an overall integrated system efficiency of 45% (HHV) at emission levels of less than half of New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) is technically and economically feasible. The higher process efficiency in itself reduces consumption of premium fuels currently used for power generation including those from foreign sources. In addition, the advanced gasification process can be used to generate fuels and chemicals, such as low-cost hydrogen and syngas for chemical synthesis, as well as baseload power. The conceptual design of the plant consists of an air-blown circulating fluidized-bed Advanced Transport Gasifier and a PWPS FT8 TwinPac[trademark] aeroderivative gas turbine operated in combined cycle to produce [approx]80 MWe. This system uses advanced technology commercial products in combination with components in advanced development or demonstration stages, thereby maximizing the opportunity for early implementation. The biofueled power system was found to have a levelized cost of electricity competitive with other new power system alternatives including larger scale natural gas combined cycles. The key elements are: (1) An Advanced Transport Gasifier (ATG) circulating fluid-bed gasifier having wide fuel flexibility and high gasification efficiency; (2) An FT8 TwinPac[trademark]-based combined cycle of approximately 80 MWe; (3) Sustainable biomass primary fuel source at low cost and potentially widespread availability-refuse-derived fuel (RDF); (4) An overall integrated system that exceeds the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) goal of 40% (HHV) efficiency at emission levels well below the DOE suggested limits; and (5) An advanced biofueled power system whose levelized cost of electricity can be competitive with other new power system alternatives.

Download or read book Coal Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Steam Generators and Waste Heat Boilers written by V. Ganapathy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-10-10 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Incorporates Worked-Out Real-World Problems Steam Generators and Waste Heat Boilers: For Process and Plant Engineers focuses on the thermal design and performance aspects of steam generators, HRSGs and fire tube, water tube waste heat boilers including air heaters, and condensing economizers. Over 120 real-life problems are fully worked out which will help plant engineers in evaluating new boilers or making modifications to existing boiler components without assistance from boiler suppliers. The book examines recent trends and developments in boiler design and technology and presents novel ideas for improving boiler efficiency and lowering gas pressure drop. It helps plant engineers understand and evaluate the performance of steam generators and waste heat boilers at any load. Learn How to Independently Evaluate the Thermal Performance of Boilers and Their Components This book begins with basic combustion and boiler efficiency calculations. It then moves on to estimation of furnace exit gas temperature (FEGT), furnace duty, view factors, heat flux, and boiler circulation calculations. It also describes trends in large steam generator designs such as multiple-module; elevated drum design types of boilers such as D, O, and A; and forced circulation steam generators. It illustrates various options to improve boiler efficiency and lower operating costs. The author addresses the importance of flue gas analysis, fire tube versus water tube boilers used in chemical plants, and refineries. In addition, he describes cogeneration systems; heat recovery in sulfur plants, hydrogen plants, and cement plants; and the effect of fouling factor on performance. The book also explains HRSG simulation process and illustrates calculations for complete performance evaluation of boilers and their components. Helps plant engineers make independent evaluations of thermal performance of boilers before purchasing them Provides numerous examples on boiler thermal performance calculations that help plant engineers develop programming codes with ease Follows the metric and SI system, and British units are shown in parentheses wherever possible Includes calculation procedures for the basic sizing and performance evaluation of a complete steam generator or waste heat boiler system and their components with appendices outlining simplified procedures for estimation of heat transfer coefficients Steam Generators and Waste Heat Boilers: For Process and Plant Engineers serves as a source book for plant engineers, consultants, and boiler designers.

Download or read book Biomass Gasification for Gas Turbine Based Power Generation written by Mark A. Paisley and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presented at the International Gas Turbine & Aeroengine Congress & Exhibition, Orlando, FL, Jun 2-Jun 5, 1997.

Download or read book Computer Simulation of a Combined cycle Biomass fueled Power Plant written by Stephen John Fox and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents thermodynamic evaluations of various biomass-fueled combined-cycle power plants using a computer model developed for simulating such plants. The combined-cycle systems Investigated are characterized by having a wood-fueled combustor, an indirect-fired gas turbine, and a steam cycle. This work was part of a larger biomass energy project at Oregon State University. The systems evaluated consisted of a "base case" design and five variations thereof. The base case itself includes a fuel preparation section with fuel drying, a combustor, an indirect-fired gas turbine system, a waste heat recovery boiler, and a Rankine cycle steam system. An Important facet of this design Is that hot combustion gases as well as the exhaust gases from the waste heat recovery boiler are used to dry the fuel. Variations of the base case that were investigated included (I) elimination of the use of hot combustion gases for drying, (II) steam Injection Into the gas turbine, (III) boosting the indirect-fired gas turbine inlet temperature with a trimburner, (iv) eliminating fuel drying, and (v) a combination of (III) and (iv). The simulation model developed consists of an main program and component models. The main program solves the simultaneous nonlinear algebraic equations that arise in modeling steady state thermal systems. The equations of the process in each component are evaluated In the respective component model. The unknown variables require initial guesses at the start of simulation and are solved by iteration using successive substitution until convergence is reached. The results of the simulations allowed the various systems to be compared with regard to efficiency, power output, total heat transfer area, and irreversibility. The various systems have similar net efficiencies, although those using a trimburner have a net efficiency about 2% higher than the others. In fact, the efficiency of the fossil fuel used in the trimburner is about 42%. The power output of the various systems, like the efficiency, is about the same except for those that utilize the trimburner. AlI of the systems without the trimburner have essentially the same overalI irreversibility. But some of the systems have very large mixing irreversibilities and others have greater irreversibilities in the heat exchanger. The occurance of the irreversibilities In the heat exchangers corresponds with smaller heat transfer areas. Total heat transfer area changed by as much as 6000 square feet (30%) from one system to another. These thermal analysis results show that detailed economic evaluations are necessary to fuIly determine the relative desirability of the systems.