Download or read book Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks written by Yang Xiao and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-05-19 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed review of underwater channel characteristics, Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks investigates the fundamental aspects of underwater communication. Prominent researchers from around the world consider contemporary challenges in the development of underwater acoustic sensor networks (UW-ASNs) and introduce a cross-layer approach for effec

Download or read book Energy Efficient Underwater Wireless Communications and Networking written by Goyal, Nitin and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2020-09-04 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN) are envisioned as an aquatic medium for a variety of applications including oceanographic data collection, disaster management or prevention, assisted navigation, attack protection, and pollution monitoring. Similar to terrestrial wireless sensor networks (WSN), UWSNs consist of sensor nodes that collect the information and pass it to a base station; however, researchers have to face many challenges in executing the network in an aquatic medium. Energy-Efficient Underwater Wireless Communications and Networking is a crucial reference source that covers existing and future possibilities of the area as well as the current challenges presented in the implementation of underwater sensor networks. While highlighting topics such as digital signal processing, underwater localization, and acoustic channel modeling, this publication is ideally designed for machine learning experts, IT specialists, government agencies, oceanic engineers, communication experts, researchers, academicians, students, and environmental agencies concerned with optimized data flow in communication network, securing assets, and mitigating security attacks.

Download or read book Efficient Communication Protocols for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks written by Dario Pompili and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Underwater sensor networks find applications in oceanographic data collection, pollution monitoring, offshore exploration, disaster prevention, assisted navigation, tactical surveillance, and mine reconnaissance. The enabling technology for these applications is acoustic wireless networking. UnderWater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UW-ASNs) consist of sensors and Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) deployed to perform collaborative monitoring tasks. The objective of this research is to explore fundamental key aspects of underwater acoustic communications, propose communication architectures for UW-ASNs, and develop efficient sensor communication protocols tailored for the underwater environment. Specifically, different deployment strategies for UW-ASNs are studied, and statistical deployment analysis for different architectures is provided. Moreover, a model characterizing the underwater acoustic channel utilization efficiency is introduced. The model allows setting the optimal packet size for underwater communications. Two distributed routing algorithms are proposed for delay-insensitive and delay-sensitive applications. The proposed routing solutions allow each node to select its next hop, with the objective of minimizing the energy consumption taking the different application requirements into account. In addition, a resilient routing solution to guarantee survivability of the network to node and link failures in long-term monitoring missions is developed. Moreover, a distributed Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol for UW-ASNs is proposed. It is a transmitter-based code division multiple access scheme that incorporates a novel closed-loop distributed algorithm to set the optimal transmit power and code length. It aims at achieving high network throughput, low channel access delay, and low energy consumption. Finally, an efficient cross-layer communication solution tailored for multimedia traffic (i.e., video and audio streams, still images, and scalar sensor data) is introduced.

Download or read book Advanced Computer Science and Information Technology written by Tai-hoon Kim and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-09 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Conference on Advanced Science and Technology, AST 2011, held in Seoul, South Korea, in September 2011. The 37 revised full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers feature ideas, problems and solutions relating to the multifaceted aspects of the Advanced Science and Technology, such as communication and networking; ubiquitous multimedia computing; security technology and information assurance; computer science, software engineering and applications thereof; bio-science and bio-technology; u- and e-service, science and technology; database theory and application; control and automation; signal processing, image processing and pattern recognition; as well as grid and distributed computing.

Download or read book Energy Efficient Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks written by Chaima Zidi and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: UnderWaterAcoustic Sensor Networks (UW-ASNs) are the newest technological achievement in terms of communication. Composed of a set of communicating underwater sensors, UW-ASNs are intended to observe and explore lakes, rivers, seas and oceans. Recently, they have been subject to a special attention due to their great potential in terms of promising applications in various domains (military, environmental, scientific...) and to the new scientific issues they raise. A great challenging issue in UW-ASNs is the fast energy depletion since high power is needed for acoustic communication while sensors battery budget is limited. Hence, energy-efficient networking protocols are of a paramount importance to make judicious use of the available energy budget while considering the distinguishing underwater environment characteristics. In this context, this thesis aims at studying the main challenging underwater acoustic sensors characteristics to design energy-efficient communication protocols specifically at the routing and MAC layers. First, we address the problem of energy holes in UW-ASNs. The sink-hole problem occurs when the closest nodes to sink drain their energy faster due to their heavier load. Indeed, those sensors especially the ones that are 1-hop away from the static sink act as relays to it on behalf of all other sensors, thus suffering from severe energy depletion. In particular, at the routing layer, we propose to distribute the transmission load at each sensor among several potential neighbors, assuming that sensors can adjust their communication range among two levels when they send or forward data. Specifically, we determine for each sensor the set of next hops with the associated load weights that lead to a fair energy depletion among all sensors in the network. Then, we extend our balanced routing strategy by assuming that each sensor node is not only able to adjust its transmission power to 2 levels but eventually up to n levels where n > 2. Consequently, at the routing layer, for each possible value of n, we determine for each sensor the set of possible next hops with the associated load weights that lead to a fair energy consumption among all sensors in the network. Moreover, we derive the optimal number of transmission powers n that balances the energy consumption among all sensors for each network configuration. In addition to that, it is worth pointing out that our extended routing protocol uses a more realistic time varying channel model that takes into account most of the fundamental characteristics of the underwater acoustic propagation. Analytical results show that further energy saving is achieved by our extended routing scheme. Second, to mitigate the dramatic collision impacts, we design a collision avoidance energy efficient multichannel MAC protocol (MC-UWMAC) for UW-ASNs. MC-UWMAC operates on single slotted control and a set of equal-bandwidth data channels. Control channel slots are dedicated to RTS/CTS handshaking allowing a communicating node pair to agree on the start time of communication on a pre-allocated data channel. In this thesis, we propose two novel coupled slot assignment and data channels allocation procedures without requiring any extra negotiation overhead. Accordingly, each node can initiate RTS/CTS exchange only at its assigned slot calculated using a slot allocation procedure based on a grid virtual partition of the deployment area. Moreover, for each communicating pair of nodes, one data channel is allocated using a channel allocation procedure based on our newly designed concept of singleton- intersecting quorum. Accordingly, each pair of communicating nodes will have at their disposal a unique 2-hop conflict free data channel. Compared with existing MAC protocol, MC-UWMAC reduces experienced collisions and improves network throughput while minimizing energy consumption.

Download or read book Cross layer Protocols for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks with MIMO Links written by Li-Chung Kuo and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: UnderWater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UW-ASNs) are experiencing a rapid growth, due to their high relevance to commercial and military applications such as oceanographic data collection, pollution monitoring, offshore exploration, disaster prevention, and tactical surveillance. However, the design of efficient communication protocols for underwater sensor networks is still an open research problem due to the unique characteristics of the underwater acoustic communication channel such as limited bandwidth, high and variable propagation delays, and significant multipath and scattering. MIMO systems are able to exploit rich scattering and multipath fading to provide higher spectral efficiencies without increasing power and bandwidth. The objective of this research is to explore the capabilities of underwater MIMO links, and to leverage these from the perspective of higher layer protocols with a cross-layer design approach. First, a new medium access control protocol named UMIMO-MAC is proposed. UMIMO-MAC is designed to i) adaptively leverage the tradeoff between multiplexing and diversity gain according to channel conditions and application requirements, ii) select suitable transmit power to reduce energy consumption, and iii) efficiently exploit the UW channel, minimizing the impact of the long propagation delay on the channel utilization efficiency. To achieve the objectives above, UMIMO-MAC is based on a two-way handshake protocol. Multiple access by simultaneous and co-located transmissions is achieved by using different pseudo-orthogonal spreading codes. An algorithm is proposed that, in a cross-layer fashion, jointly selects optimal transmit power and transmission mode through the cooperation of transmitter and receiver to achieve the desired level of reliability and data rate according to application needs and channel condition. Second, distributed routing algorithms are introduced for delay-insensitive and delay-sensitive applications, with the objective of reducing the energy consumption by i) leveraging the tradeoff between multiplexing and diversity gain that characterizes MIMO links, and ii) allocating transmit power on suitable subcarriers according to channel conditions and application requirements. To achieve the objective above, each node jointly i) selects its next hop, ii) chooses a suitable transmission mode, and iii) assigns optimal transmit power on different subcarriers to achieve a target level of Quality of Service (QoS) in a cross-layer fashion. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that our proposed protocol is adaptive to the unique characteristics of the underwater acoustic communication channel, and achieves excellent performance through local cooperations between transmitter and receiver. Finally, we present our ongoing work on developing a reconfigurable underwater networking testbed based on the Teledyne Benthos Telesonar SM-75 modem. The testbed is designed with the objective of allowing researchers and developers to advance research activities in the field of underwater networking and communications through a flexible testbed platform. This platform allows playing, processing, and recording custom-defined acoustic waveforms to support reconfigurable physical layer experimentation with arbitrary transmission schemes.

Download or read book Reinforcement Learning Based Energy Efficient Routing Protocols for Underwater Acoustic Wireless Sensor Networks written by Lu Jin and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: [Truncated abstract] The unique properties of underwater acoustic communications, such as large and time-varying propagation delay, low and range dependent channel bandwidth, and adverse operating environments, challenge the design of an energy efficient protocol in underwater acoustic wireless sensor networks (UA-WSNs). In this dissertation, we present a family of reinforcement learning based energy-efficient protocols for UA-WSNs so that the systems are "self-adaptive" or "self-optimized" to the environment after having been deployed. We show that, due to the limited bandwidth in underwater acoustic communication channels, the energy consumption caused by collisions and retransmissions is much higher than that of its terrestrial counterparts. Therefore, the key issue of extending the lifetime of underwater sensor networks is to reduce the collisions and retransmissions. To address this issue in a single underwater acoustic channel, we model the UA-WSNs as single agent reinforcement learning systems and design an routing protocol to aid transmitters to determine the most energy efficient relay nodes. In the design of the reward function, we use the transmission power level, the neighborhood interference, and the feasible bandwidth as the main parameters for the selection of relay nodes. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that the proposed protocol achieves a remarkable energy efficiency in comparison with the Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol. For verifying the feasibility of the reinforcement learning based energy efficient protocol in multiple underwater acoustic communication channels, we improve the protocol by including the channel-related factors in the design of the reward function. In the proposed UA-WSN system, the feasible acoustic spectrum is divided into a number of sub-channels which suffer diverse and frequency dependant attenuation and noise interference. The proposed protocol helps each transmitter to determine not only an optimal relay node, but also an optimal propagation sub-channel to the optimal relay node. For the reward function of the proposed protocol, the channel-related factors are used to evaluate the quality of the sub-channels in terms of noise and attenuation level, probability of collisions, etc.. Simulation results show that the use of a multiple-channel reinforcement learning protocol manifests far better energy efficiency than a single-channel reinforcement learning protocol. But the use of a large number of sub-channels leads to performance degradation due to the extremely narrow bandwidth and low capacity of sub-channels.

Download or read book Mobile Ad Hoc Networking written by Stefano Basagni and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-07 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "An excellent book for those who are interested in learning the current status of research and development . . . [and] who want to get a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art." —E-Streams This book provides up-to-date information on research and development in the rapidly growing area of networks based on the multihop ad hoc networking paradigm. It reviews all classes of networks that have successfully adopted this paradigm, pointing out how they penetrated the mass market and sparked breakthrough research. Covering both physical issues and applications, Mobile Ad Hoc Networking: Cutting Edge Directions offers useful tools for professionals and researchers in diverse areas wishing to learn about the latest trends in sensor, actuator, and robot networking, mesh networks, delay tolerant and opportunistic networking, and vehicular networks. Chapter coverage includes: Multihop ad hoc networking Enabling technologies and standards for mobile multihop wireless networking Resource optimization in multiradio multichannel wireless mesh networks QoS in mesh networks Routing and data dissemination in opportunistic networks Task farming in crowd computing Mobility models, topology, and simulations in VANET MAC protocols for VANET Wireless sensor networks with energy harvesting nodes Robot-assisted wireless sensor networks: recent applications and future challenges Advances in underwater acoustic networking Security in wireless ad hoc networks Mobile Ad Hoc Networking will appeal to researchers, developers, and students interested in computer science, electrical engineering, and telecommunications.

Download or read book NETWORKING 2008 Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks Wireless Networks Next Generation Internet written by Amitabha Das and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-05-06 with total page 965 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International IFIP-TC6 Networking Conference, NETWORKING 2008, held in Singapore, in May 2008. The 82 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions for inclusion in the book. The papers are organized in topical sections on ad hoc and sensor networks: design and optimization, MAC protocol, overlay networking, and routing; next generation internet: authentication, modeling and performance evaluation, multicast, network measurement and testbed, optical networks, peer-to-peer and overlay networking, peer-to-peer services, QoS, routing, security, traffic engineering, and transport protocols; wireless networks: MAC performance, mesh networks, and mixed networks.

Download or read book Reliable Communication in Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks written by Zheng Guo and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks written by Peng Xie and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Underwater Acoustic Networking Techniques written by Roald Otnes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-19 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This literature study presents an overview of underwater acoustic networking. It provides a background and describes the state of the art of all networking facets that are relevant for underwater applications. This report serves both as an introduction to the subject and as a summary of existing protocols, providing support and inspiration for the development of network architectures.

Download or read book Localization in Underwater Sensor Networks written by Jing Yan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-27 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ocean covers 70.8% of the Earth’s surface, and it plays an important role in supporting all life on Earth. Nonetheless, more than 80% of the ocean’s volume remains unmapped, unobserved and unexplored. In this regard, Underwater Sensor Networks (USNs), which offer ubiquitous computation, efficient communication and reliable control, are emerging as a promising solution to understand and explore the ocean. In order to support the application of USNs, accurate position information from sensor nodes is required to correctly analyze and interpret the data sampled. However, the openness and weak communication characteristics of USNs make underwater localization much more challenging in comparison to terrestrial sensor networks. In this book, we focus on the localization problem in USNs, taking into account the unique characteristics of the underwater environment. This problem is of considerable importance, since fundamental guidance on the design and analysis of USN localization is very limited at present. To this end, we first introduce the network architecture of USNs and briefly review previous approaches to the localization of USNs. Then, the asynchronous clock, node mobility, stratification effect, privacy preserving and attack detection are considered respectively and corresponding localization schemes are developed. Lastly, the book’s rich implications provide guidance on the design of future USN localization schemes. The results in this book reveal from a system perspective that underwater localization accuracy is closely related to the communication protocol and optimization estimator. Researchers, scientists and engineers in the field of USNs can benefit greatly from this book, which provides a wealth of information, useful methods and practical algorithms to help understand and explore the ocean.

Download or read book Energy Efficient Reconfigurable MAC Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network written by Khaja Mohammad Shazzad and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Wireless Sensor Networks written by Kazem Sohraby and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-04-06 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infrastructure for Homeland Security Environments Wireless Sensor Networks helps readers discover the emerging field of low-cost standards-based sensors that promise a high order of spatial and temporal resolution and accuracy in an ever-increasing universe of applications. It shares the latest advances in science and engineering paving the way towards a large plethora of new applications in such areas as infrastructure protection and security, healthcare, energy, food safety, RFID, ZigBee, and processing. Unlike other books on wireless sensor networks that focus on limited topics in the field, this book is a broad introduction that covers all the major technology, standards, and application topics. It contains everything readers need to know to enter this burgeoning field, including current applications and promising research and development; communication and networking protocols; middleware architecture for wireless sensor networks; and security and management. The straightforward and engaging writing style of this book makes even complex concepts and processes easy to follow and understand. In addition, it offers several features that help readers grasp the material and then apply their knowledge in designing their own wireless sensor network systems: * Examples illustrate how concepts are applied to the development and application of * wireless sensor networks * Detailed case studies set forth all the steps of design and implementation needed to solve real-world problems * Chapter conclusions that serve as an excellent review by stressing the chapter's key concepts * References in each chapter guide readers to in-depth discussions of individual topics This book is ideal for networking designers and engineers who want to fully exploit this new technology and for government employees who are concerned about homeland security. With its examples, it is appropriate for use as a coursebook for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students.

Download or read book Energy efficient Coordination Schemes for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks written by Ruoyu Su and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWSNs) have attracted much research interest in recent years due to the wide range of their potential applications, such as environmental monitoring, natural resources development, and geological oceanography. While much research effort has been devoted to the improvement of acoustic signal reception and processing, the increase of throughput, and the reduction of packet delay, not really studies focus on reducing and balancing energy consumption among sensor nodes in long-term marine monitoring applications. In this dissertation, through a comprehensive understanding of underwater acoustic channels, we propose a series of solutions to achieve energy-efficient data transmission in UWSNs by considering both battery energies of sensor nodes and network connectivity. We first review different approaches to modelling the underwater acoustic channels to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the underwater acoustic communication environment. We propose an asynchronous wake-up scheme based on combinatorial designs to minimize the working duty cycle of sensor nodes for UWSNs in long-term marine monitoring applications. Network connectivity can be maintained using such a design, even with a reduced duty cycle. We conduct simulation experiments to evaluate performance of the proposed scheme. It is shown through our results that the proposed asynchronous wake-up scheme can effectively reduce the energy consumption for idle listening and can outperform other cyclic difference set (CDS)-based wake-up schemes. It is worth noting that all these are achieved without sacrificing the network connectivity among sensor nodes. We investigate the deployment strategy of UWSNs with a square grid topology to balance the network robustness and the energy consumption of sensor nodes. We propose a relay node selection scheme for such network applications. We evaluate its performance in different network sizes and using different initial battery energy to balance the network lifetime. Simulation results show that the proposed relay node selection scheme can effectively balance and prolong the network lifetime. Compared to routing algorithms solely based on the minimum hops, the performance of the proposed scheme is closer to the optimal theoretical value obtained by solving the linear programming problem. The network lifetime is further increased if sensor nodes are allowed to have different initial energy values based on their traffic load conditions. Finally, we propose an effective coordination scheme for data collection when an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is used as a mobile data sink in UWSNs. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme when time synchronization is not available between the AUV and the sensor nodes. Based on the features available in existing acoustic modems, we introduce transmitting power control to further reduce energy consumption. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme with power control leads to lower energy consumption than without power control during underwater communication. The proposed schemes have been demonstrated to work well for underwater networks with a square grid topology. It can be also extended for other network topologies and more sophisticated modems.

Download or read book Reliable Data Delivery Protocols for Underwater Sensor Networks written by Nusrat Nowsheen and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UASNs) are becoming increasingly promising to monitor aquatic environment. The network is formed by deploying a number of sensor nodes and/or Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) to support diverse applications such as pollution monitoring, oceanographic data collection, disaster recovery and surveillance. These applications require transmission of data packets from the source to a sink or gateway in a multihop fashion and eventually to a message ferry or an onshore station. In such a network, reliable data delivery becomes challenging as delivery is hindered due to long propagation delay and high error-rate of underwater acoustic channel, limited energy and inherent mobility of sensor nodes. Existing data delivery protocols have certain limitations such as predefined communication architecture, dependency on periodic communication with neighbors or flooding-based data forwarding. These restrict their capabilities to achieve reliable delivery in many application scenarios. They mainly consider location, depth and energy information of sensor nodes to improve energy efficiency of underwater networks. However, to improve reliability, protocols should consider factors such as link quality, node movement, packet delay and traffic flow so that they can deal with the disruptive nature of the communication link, and harsh and dynamic context of the network.In this thesis, we focus on developing data delivery protocols to provide reliable data transfer for various underwater applications and network scenarios considering underwater communication characteristics that have direct impact on reliable data transfer. In the first protocol, an anchor-based architecture is considered to support underwater monitoring applications and mobile message ferry nodes are used to collect stored data from one or more nodes, called gateways. A strategy for gateway selection is devised to maximize their lifetime. Data delivery reliability is significantly improved by selecting the next hop forwarder on-the-fly based on its link reliability and reachability to gateways through probabilistic estimation. Data forwarding solution is coupled with delay tolerant networking paradigm by accumulating data packets for a fixed amount of "hold time" to improve delivery and reduce communication overhead simultaneously. Besides high error probability and dynamic nature of underwater acoustic channel, node movement also makes data forwarding process difficult. Moreover, consideration of network condition in the calculation of "hold time" captures more recent network status. The first protocol is therefore further extended by (i) estimating/predicting node movement pattern and using it to determine neighbors' coverage probability, and (ii) calculating data "hold time" dynamically at each node. Consideration of the above factors increases the reliability of data forwarding solution. The above protocols have been designed to improve reliability of data transfer for underwater monitoring applications. However, in many situations like disaster management and emergency rescue operations in ocean, deployment of an ad hoc network consisting of AUVs is of paramount importance to support mission critical applications. To accomplish this, an effective data delivery protocol has been devised which ensures reliability by delivering data within a given deadline to the onshore station using a set of AUVs. A modified Breadth-First Search (BFS) technique has been employed to find a path towards an AUV that meets the data delivery deadline as per a given surfacing schedule. A command-based node movement technique has been incorporated to ensure delivery in an energy efficient manner. The proposed data delivery protocols have been evaluated and compared with existing relevant and contemporary underwater protocols. Simulation results show that the proposed protocols achieve performance improvement over competing protocols in terms of successful packet delivery, communication overhead and energy.