Download or read book Effects of Weather controlled Variable Message Signing on Driver Behaviour written by Pirkko Rämä and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of Advisory Messages on Driver Behavior During Inclement Weather written by Desirée Dulcinéa Carron and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research examines the effectiveness of advisory variable speed limit (VSL) and advisory variable message sign (VMS) messaging on reducing traffic speeds during inclement weather conditions. Regulatory variable speed limit infrastructure is costly to install, whereas advisory messaging enables state transportation departments to utilize existing infrastructure in an effort to slow traffic during winter storms and improve safety. This study utilized roadway sensor data in southern New Hampshire, roadway grip data obtained from a Road and Weather Information System (RWIS) station located in Derry, New Hampshire, and New Hampshire Department of Transportation (NHDOT) winter weather logs obtained from the Transportation Management Center (TMC). The data were used to determine the impact the advisory messages had on reducing traffic speeds as compared to the impact roadway grip has on speed reduction. Overall, this analysis indicates that, while drivers do adjust their rates of speed based on the roadway grip value, the presence of both prescriptive and descriptive messages appears to cause them to reduce their rate of speed even further than they otherwise would, especially during storm events with large amounts of accumulating precipitation. Speed reductions were found to be more significant while prescriptive messages were displayed, although significant reductions in speed were also noted while descriptive messages were displayed. After controlling for the slowdown caused by a reduction in roadway grip, it was determined that the presence of prescriptive messages reduces the mean speed by 9.5 mph, and descriptive messages reduces the speed by 2.5 mph.
Download or read book Behavioural Adaptation and Road Safety written by Christina Rudin-Brown and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-05-24 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite being an accepted construct in traffic and transport psychology, the precise nature of behavioural adaptation, including its causes and consequences, has not yet been established within the road safety community. A comprehensive collection of recent literature, Behavioural Adaptation and Road Safety: Theory, Evidence, and Action explores behavioural adaptation in road users. It examines behavioural adaptation within the context of historical and theoretical perspectives, and puts forth tangible—and practical—solutions that can effectively address adverse behavioural adaptation to road safety interventions before it occurs. Edited by Christina Rudin-Brown and Samantha Jamson, with chapters authored by leading road safety experts in driver psychology and behaviour, the book introduces the concept of behavioural adaptation and details its more relevant issues. It reviews the definition of behavioural adaptation that was put forward by the OECD in 1990 and then puts this definition through its paces, identifying where it may be lacking and how it might be improved. This sets the context for the remaining chapters which take the OECD definition as their starting points. The book discusses the various theories and models of behavioural adaptation and more general theories of driver behaviour developed during the last half century. It provides examples of the "evidence" for behavioural adaptation—instances in which behavioural adaptation arose as a consequence of the introduction of safety countermeasures. The book then focuses on the internal, "human" element and considers countermeasures that might be used to limit the development of behavioural adaptation in various road user groups. The book concludes with practical tools and methodologies to address behavioural adaptation in research and design, and to limit the potential negative effects before they happen. Supplying easy-to-understand, accessible solutions that can be implemented early on in a road safety intervention’s design or conception phase, the chapters represent the most extensive compilation of literature relating to behavioural adaptation and its consequences since the 1990 OECD report. The book brings together earlier theories of behavioural adaptation with more recent theories in the area and combines them with practical advice, methods, and tangible solutions that can minimise the potential negative impact of behavioural adaptation on road user safety and address it before it occurs. It is an essential component of any road safety library, and should be of particular relevance to researchers, practitioners, designers, and policymakers who are interested in maximizing safety while at the same time encouraging innovation and excellence in road transport-related design.
Download or read book Traffic Safety and Human Behavior written by David Shinar and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-10-05 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the basic research procedures used in the area of driving behavior and highway safety.
Download or read book Empirical Studies on Traffic Flow in Inclement Weather written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Speed Management written by European Conference of Ministers of Transport and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2006-10-13 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Speeding is the number one road safety problem in a large number of OECD/ECMT countries. It is responsible for around one third of the current, unacceptably high levels of road fatalities. Speeding has an impact not only on accidents but also on the ...
Download or read book Winter Maintenance and Preservation 2013 written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "TRB Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2329 consists of eight papers that explore highway anti-icer performance, remote sensing of weather and road surface conditions, statewide benefits of winter maintenance operations, measurement of salt on winter pavements, rural variable speed limits, extreme weather risk indicators, macroscopic traffic parameters, and temperature distribution in soil profiles." Pub. info.
Download or read book A Design of Experiment Approach to Study the Display of Variable Message Signs written by Jyh-Hone Wang and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Adverse Winter Weather Conditions on Highway Traffic and Driver Behavior written by Ting Fu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This research looks into the impact of adverse winter weather conditions on highway driver behaviors using microscopic data from loop detectors and video cameras (e.g., hourly average speed, trajectories, lane changes, time-to-collisions measures). This thesis is composed of two main sections in addition to the introductory section: i) direct and lagged effects of adverse weather on hourly speeds and volumes; and ii) direct effect of adverse weather on driver behaviors (microscopic) measured at the vehicle level using video data. The first part of the thesis presents a review of literature related to past research on the topic. The second part investigates the direct and lagged effects of adverse winter weather conditions on the operating speed in a number of highway segments in Ontario using a time-series approach. This is complemented by the analysis of hourly traffic volumes in the region of Montreal, Canada, using data from magnetic loop detectors as well. In speed modeling, the effect of adverse weather was studied using data from multiple sites including both urban and rural highways, considering weekdays versus weekends separately. For this purpose, a large dataset containing hourly traffic data, weather variables (e.g., temperature, snow, wind speed), and surface conditions was used. A few previous studies have examined the effect of snowstorms on traffic parameters; however, little research has been done regarding the spillover effects (lagged effects) that adverse weather conditions may have on travel demand and traffic patterns. Extreme events or weather conditions might have a strong effect on traffic conditions not only during the events, but also before and after the events. In this study, time-series regression techniques -- in particular, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models were used to model the highway operating speed. These methods are able to consider the serial correlation among error terms. The results indicate that snowstorms have a statistically significant effect on the speed. The lagged effects are however offset by the time and intensity of winter maintenance operations during and after the event. The effect of weather also varies depending on the type of site (urban or rural) and day of the week. Similarly, the effects of different weather variables including their lagged effects were analyzed using hourly traffic volume data. Despite the fact that information of the road surface condition was not available, this analysis is in accordance with previous finding, showing the utility of ARIMA approaches in modeling the highway volume as well. The results of this study can be applied in quantifying the mobility effect of winter weather and benefits of winter road maintenance. In recent years, driver behavior analysis using microscopic (vehicle level) data is a topic that is attracting more attention in road safety analysis. This popularity has brought about research in many different innovative techniques and microscopic measures used to quantify and analyze driver behavior. In the second part of this thesis, it demonstrates a method of analyzing driver behavior using video data approach. This thesis elucidates both a manual and an automated, computer-based method to analyze driver behavior. It also uses the computer-based method to evaluate the effect of adverse winter weather conditions on the driver behavior of highway users. Both the manual and the automated approaches have been used with 15 video recordings obtained from three different locations on the Don Valley Parkway (DVP) in Toronto, Ontario. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the automated method in analyzing driver behavior, as well as in evaluating the impact of adverse winter weather conditions on driver behavior." --
Download or read book Data and Mobility written by Julia Düh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-08 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last few years, the local value of mobility and information in our society has grown tremendously. As the importance of Information and Communication Te- nologies (ICT) increases, we expect more changes in future mobility behavior. This includes not only mobility behavior for the single user, but also for the transportation of goods and infrastructure operators. It will also affect the regulation of resources and political decision-making. Both, data and mobility become more connected. To cope effectively with the anticipated changes, we must expand our focus and take current developments in both areas into account. The topic of the Lakeside Conference 2010, Data and Mobility – Transforming Information into Intelligent Traffic and Transportation Services, was chosen to underline the importance of information and mobility in transport and to offer an opportunity to discuss and question current activities in this sector. We will consider intermodal concepts and deployments in particular, where data transfer plays a major role, as this could help to reduce the current lack of infrastructure capacity (especially on roads and at airports and seaports). Using modern technologies, traffic mana- ment could become more sustainable and efficient. The Lakeside Conference is, again, organized by a consortium composed of the Lakeside Technology Park, the Austrian Transport Telematic Cluster, AustriaTech and the American Embassy in Austria.
Download or read book Potential Safety Effects of Dynamic Signing at Rural Horizontal Curves written by Howard Preston and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Variable Traffic Signs 1989 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transportation Research Record written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 730 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "For more than 50 years, the Transportation Research Record has been internationally recognized as one of the preeminent peer-reviewed journals for transportation research papers from authors in the United States and from around the world. One of the most cited transportation journals, the TRR offers unparalleled depth and breadth in the coverage of transportation topics from both academic and practitioner perspectives. All modes of passenger and freight transportation are addressed in papers covering a wide array of disciplines, including policy, planning, administration, economics and financing, operations, construction, design, maintenance, safety, and more."--Publisher's website
Download or read book Proceedings of the Conference of the Hong Kong Society for Transportation Studies written by Hong Kong Society for Transportation Studies. Conference and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Driver Speed and Lane Keeping Behaviors in Adverse Weather Conditions written by Ali Ghasemzadeh and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of five published or presented papers in which addresses different gaps in the knowledge by presenting innovative methods to identify and analyze weather-related naturalistic driving data to better understand driver behavior and performance in adverse weather conditions. An innovative methodology introduced in Chapter 4 helped to effectively identify weather-related trips in real-time using vehicle wiper status and other complementary methodologies introduced in chapter 5 helped to identify naturalistic driving weather-related trips using external weather data sources. In addition, a semi-automated data reduction procedure was developed and introduced in chapter 5 to process raw trip data files into a format that further analyses and modeling techniques could be easily applied. The novel approaches developed in this dissertation for NDS trip acquisition and reduction could be extended to other naturalistic driving studies worldwide. In addition to the contributions in data extraction and reduction, preliminary analysis as well as advanced modeling techniques were utilized in this study. These analyses were used to explain the relationship between different levels of speed selection/lane keeping behaviors and a set of contributing factors including roadway characteristics, environmental and traffic conditions and driver demographics on a trajectory level. These modeling techniques ranged from common parametric approaches such as binary logistic regression and ordinal logistic/probit regression models to a more advanced non-parametric/data mining modeling techniques such as Classification and Regression Trees (CART) and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS). The results from this study suggest that both parametric and non-parametric modeling approaches are important to analyze driver behavior and performance. In fact, this study attempted to maximize the benefits out of the advantages of parametric models, such as the ability of interpreting the marginal effects of various risk factors, as well as the advantages of using non-parametric models, including but not limited to the ability of providing high prediction accuracy, handling of missing values automatically, and their capability of handling large number of explanatory variables in a timely manner, which might be extremely beneficial specifically for assessing traffic operations and safety in real-time considering weather and traffic data to be directly fed into the model. The results of the developed speed selection models revealed that among various adverse weather conditions, drivers were more likely to reduce their speed in snowy weather conditions compared to other adverse weather conditions. Specifically, the odds of drivers reducing their speed were 9.29 times higher in snowy weather conditions, followed by rain and fog with 1.55 and 1.29 times, respectively (compared to clear conditions). In addition, variable importance analysis using CART method revealed that weather conditions, traffic conditions, and posted speed limit are the three most important variables affecting driver speed selection behavior. In addition, the results of the developed lane-keeping models revealed that drivers in heavy rain conditions were 3.95 times more likely to have a worse lane-keeping performance compared to clear weather conditions. The developed speed selection model is a key example of a derived mechanism by which the SHRP2 database can be leveraged to improve Weather Responsive Traffic Management (WRTM) strategies directly. Moreover, the results may shed some light on driver lane keeping behavior at a trajectory level. Moreover, a better understanding of driver lane-keeping behavior might help in developing better Lane Departure Warning (LDW) systems. Evaluating driver behavior and performance under the influence of reduced visibility due to adverse weather conditions is extremely important to develop safe driving strategies, including Variable Speed Limits (VSL). Many roadways across the U.S. currently have weather-based VSL systems to ensure safe driving environments during adverse weather. Current VSL systems mainly collect traffic information from external sources, including inductive loop detector, overhead radars and Closed Circuit Television (CCTV). However, human factors especially driver behavior and performance such as selection of speed and acceleration/deceleration behaviors during adverse weather are neglected due to the lack of appropriate driver data. The findings from this study indicated that the SHRP2NDS data could be effectively utilized to identify trips in adverse weather conditions and to assess the impacts of adverse weather on driver behavior and performance. With the evolution of connected vehicles, Machine Vision and other real-time weather social crowd sources such as WeatherCloud®, more accurate real-time data similar to the NDS data will be available in the near future. This study provided early insights into using similar data collected from NDS.
Download or read book Human Performance written by National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Transportation Research Record contains 22 papers on human performance or simulation and visualization. Among the topics discussed are the following: crash involvement of young novice drivers; factors affecting the safety of young and older drivers; behavioral classification of passing maneuvers; in-vehicle text messages; measuring performance for the Federal Aviation Administration's safety oversight system; driver eye glance behavior during lane change decision, lane changes, and straight-ahead driving; driver fatigue, distraction, and performance; eye glance behavior during in-vehicle secondary tasks; multifunction interfaces in vehicles; interface workload of in-vehicle information systems; human-machine interface design for intelligent speed adaptation; an automated real-time driver warning system; fuzzy sets for evaluating driver perception of variable message signs; video advertising signs and traffic safety; message display formats of portable variable message signs; in-vehicle Global Positioning System data for evaluating deceleration at stop sign-controlled intersections; simulator evaluations of driving with vision impairments and visual aids; a driving simulator for work zone design; the application of visualization to transportation systems; a four-dimensional interactive visualization system for transportation management and traveler information; and virtual reality visualization of microscopic traffic simulations.
Download or read book Distracted Driving Countermeasures for Commercial Vehicles written by and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2011 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "TRB's Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program (CTBSSP) Synthesis 24: Distracted Driving Countermeasures for Commercial Vehicles examines driving distractions, as well as any protective (safety-enhancing) effects of particular devices. Distracted driving for commercial drivers is defined as attending to tasks not directly related to operating the vehicle."--Publisher's description.
