Download or read book Effects of Vernalization on the Subsequent Rates of Leaf Extinsion and Photosynthesis of Perennial Ryegrass Lolium Perenne L written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Abiotic Stresses in Agroecology A Challenge for Whole Plant Physiology written by Mauro Centritto and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-07-04 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding plant responses to abiotic stresses is central to our ability to predict the impact of global change and environmental pollution on the production of food, feed and forestry. Besides increasing carbon dioxide concentration and rising global temperature, increasingly frequent and severe climatic events (e.g. extended droughts, heat waves, flooding) are expected in the coming decades. Additionally, pollution (e.g. heavy metals, gaseous pollutants such as ozone or sulfur dioxide) is an important factor in many regions, decreasing plant productivity and product quality. This Research topic focuses on stress responses at the level of whole plants, addressing biomass-related processes (development of the root system, root respiration/fermentation, leaf expansion, stomatal regulation, photosynthetic capacity, leaf senescence, yield) and interactions between organs (transport via xylem and phloem, long-distance signaling and secondary metabolites). Comparisons between species and between varieties of the same species are helpful to evaluate the potential for species selection and genetic improvement. This research topic is focused on the following abiotic stresses and interactions between them: - Increased carbon dioxide concentration in ambient air is an important parameter influenced by global change and affects photosynthesis, stomatal regulation, plant growth and finally yield. - Elevated temperature: both the steady rise in average temperature and extreme events of shorter duration (heat waves) must be considered in the context of alterations in carbon balance through increased photorespiration, decreased Rubisco activation and carboxylation efficiency, damage to photosynthetic apparatus, as well as loss of water via transpiration and stomatal sensitivity. - Low temperatures (late frosts, prolonged cold phases, freezing temperature) can decrease overwintering survival rates, productivity of crop plants and species composition in meadows. - Water availability: More frequent, severe and extended drought periods have been predicted by climate change models. The timing and duration of a drought period is crucial to determining plant responses, particularly if the drought event coincides with an increase in temperature. Drought causes stomatal closure, decreasing the cooling potential of transpiration and potentially leading to thermal stress as leaf temperature rises. Waterlogging may become also more relevant during the next decades and is especially important for seedlings and young plants. It is not the presence of water itself that causes the stress, but the exclusion of oxygen from the soil which causes a decrease in respiration and an increase in fermentation rates followed by a period of potential oxidative stress as water recedes. - Salinity: high salt concentration in soil influences soil water potential, the water status of the plant and hence affects productivity. Salt tolerance will become an important trait driven by increased competition for land and the need to exploit marginal lands.Understanding plant responses to abiotic stresses is central to our ability to predict the impact of global change and environmental pollution on the production of food, feed and forestry. Besides increasing carbon dioxide concentration and rising global temperature, increasingly frequent and severe climatic events (e.g. extended droughts, heat waves, flooding) are expected in the coming decades. Additionally, pollution (e.g. heavy metals, gaseous pollutants such as ozone or sulfur dioxide) is an important factor in many regions, decreasing plant productivity and product quality. This Research topic focuses on stress responses at the level of whole plants, addressing biomass-related processes (development of the root system, root respiration/fermentation, leaf expansion, stomatal regulation, photosynthetic capacity, leaf senescence, yield) and interactions between organs (transport via xylem and phloem, long-distance signaling and secondary metabolites). Comparisons between species and between varieties of the same species are helpful to evaluate the potential for species selection and genetic improvement. This research topic is focused on the following abiotic stresses and interactions between them: - Increased carbon dioxide concentration in ambient air is an important parameter influenced by global change and affects photosynthesis, stomatal regulation, plant growth and finally yield. - Elevated temperature: both the steady rise in average temperature and extreme events of shorter duration (heat waves) must be considered in the context of alterations in carbon balance through increased photorespiration, decreased Rubisco activation and carboxylation efficiency, damage to photosynthetic apparatus, as well as loss of water via transpiration and stomatal sensitivity. - Low temperatures (late frosts, prolonged cold phases, freezing temperature) can decrease overwintering survival rates, productivity of crop plants and species composition in meadows. - Water availability: More frequent, severe and extended drought periods have been predicted by climate change models. The timing and duration of a drought period is crucial to determining plant responses, particularly if the drought event coincides with an increase in temperature. Drought causes stomatal closure, decreasing the cooling potential of transpiration and potentially leading to thermal stress as leaf temperature rises. Waterlogging may become also more relevant during the next decades and is especially important for seedlings and young plants. It is not the presence of water itself that causes the stress, but the exclusion of oxygen from the soil which causes a decrease in respiration and an increase in fermentation rates followed by a period of potential oxidative stress as water recedes. - Salinity: high salt concentration in soil influences soil water potential, the water status of the plant and hence affects productivity. Salt tolerance will become an important trait driven by increased competition for land and the need to exploit marginal lands.
Download or read book Genetics and Breeding for Productivity Traits in Forage and Bioenergy Grasses written by John W. Forster and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-03-20 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Genetics and Breeding for Productivity Traits in Forage and Bioenergy Grasses" that was published in Agronomy
Download or read book Technical note written by World Meteorological Organization and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Irish Grasslands written by David W. Jeffrey and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work contains proceedings of a seminar of the Irish National Committee for Biology, held in February 1992. Grassland scientists met to share perspectives from the many different agencies on the island and discuss how to exploit the natural resource. The papers offer a guide to the science, economics and politics of grassland management.
Download or read book Leaf Growth Regulation in Lolium Perenne Under Nutrient Stress written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants respond to unfavourable nutritional conditions by reducing their growth rate. As yet, the cellular processes underlying the reduction in leaf growth under phosphorus and nitrogen deficiency are not fully understood. The studies summarised here assessed the contribution of nutrient status- and size- related factors at determining the rate of leaf growth in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), and analysed the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus status on cell division and cell growth in expanding leaves. The results thus provide a basis for future studies on the molecular regulation of cell growth and division, and its control by developmental and environmental signals.
Download or read book Proceedings of the International Grassland Conference written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 1032 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings Held at the University of Helsinki Finland 7 16 July 1966 written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 1032 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Some Effects of Vernalization on the Reproductive Capacity of Lolium Perenne L written by A. Kleinendorst and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Anais do Congresso Internacional de Pastagens written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 1032 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of Defoliation and Nitrogen Application on the Seed Yield of Linn Perennial Ryegrass Lolium Perenne L and Merion Kentucky Bluegrass Poa Pratensis L written by Matthew William Mulanax and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect of clipping and supplemental nitrogen application on seed production of Linn perennial ryegrass and Merion Kentucky bluegrass was studied. Clipping and nitrogen treatments did not significantly affect the seed yield of Linn perennial ryegrass during the 1967 growing season. The seed yield of Merion Kentucky bluegrass was significantly increased by a combined winter-spring clipping regime when compared with the unclipped control. Application of 136 pounds of nitrogen in two equal spring applications significantly reduced the seed yield of Merion Kentucky bluegrass. Spring clipping tended to reduce the number of fertile tillers per unit area for both species. Supplemental nitrogen generally increased the number of fertile tillers per unit area for Linn perennial ryegrass. Application of 30 pounds of additional nitrogen delayed the period of head emergence for Linn perennial ryegrass. The time of pollen shed of Merion Kentucky bluegrass was delayed by all clipping regimes.
Download or read book Distribution of Neotyphodium Lolii endophyte Metabolic Activity in Perennial Ryegrass Lolium Perenne L and Its Implications for Alkaloid Distribution and Photosynthesis written by Martin Jürgen Spiering and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Agrobacterium mediated Transformation of Perennial Ryegrass Lolium Perenne L for Cold Tolerance written by Carmille Joanna C. Bales and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Factors Affecting the Response of Perennial Ryegrass Lolium Perenne L white Clover Trifolium Repens L Swards to Fertilizer Nitrogen written by Eid Elsayed Mohamed Elorong and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 1152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Photosynthetic Acclimation of Lolium Perenne in Response to Three Years Growth in a Free air CO sub 2 Enrichment FACE System written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pure stands of Ryegrass were in their third year of growth in the field, exposed to either ambient (355[mu]mol mol[sup -1]), or elevated (600[mu]mol mol[sup -1]) atmospheric CO[sub 2] concentration. A Free-Air CO[sub 2] Enrichment (FACE) system was used to maintain the elevated CO[sub 2] concentration whilst limiting experimental constraints on the field conditions. The theoretically predicted increase in the net rates of CO[sub 2] uptake per unit leaf area (A[mu]mol mol[sup -1]) as a consequence, primarily, of the suppression of photorespiration by CO[sub 2] a competitive inhibitor of RubP oxygenation by Rubisco, was observed for the Lolium perenne studied. Also observed was a general decline in leaf evapotranspiration (E) consistent with observations of increased water use efficiency of crops grown in elevated CO[sub 2]. Enhancement of leaf A in the FACE grown L. perenne ranged from 26.5 1% to 44.95% over the course of a diurnal set of measurements. Whilst reductions in leaf E reached a maximum of 16.61% over the same diurnal course of-measurements. The increase in A was reconciled with an absence of the commonly observed decline in V[sub c][sub max] as a measure of the maximum in vivo carboxylation capacity of the primary carboxylasing enzyme Rubisco and J[sub max] a measure of the maximum rate of electron transport. The manipulation of the source sink balance of the crop, stage of canopy regrowth or height in the canopy had no effect on the observation of a lack of response. The findings of this study will be interpreted with respect to the long term implications of C[sub 3] crops being able to adapt physiologically to maximize the potential benefits conferred by growth in elevated CO[sub 2].
