Download or read book Effects of Nutritional Management Regimen and Residual Feed Intake Rank on Cow Performance During Mid to Late Gestation and Pre weaning Calf Performance written by Joshua Devos and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study's main objective was to determine whether strategic supplementation of low-quality roughage diets was sufficient for cows to bear and wean a healthy calf on a yearly basis and maintain overall performance, for the ultimate goal of increasing profitability for cow-calf producers. Residual feed intake (RFI) classification was also examined, including the extent of reranking across three years and physiological phases when different nutritional management regimens were used. Mid to late gestation cows were fed diets adequate or deficient in energy, along with testing supplementation frequency. While strategic supplementation of low-quality roughage diets was able to maintain body condition, reproductive performance, and serum metabolites, gains and feed intake were greater for cows fed a 70% haylage/30% straw diet fed ad libitum. Extensive reranking of RFI classification occurred due to effects of year along with nutritional management regimen. RFI classification in 2015 did not affect 2016 and 2017 cow performance.
Download or read book Impact of Nutritional Management Regimen and Residual Feed Intake on Cow Performance During Mid to Late Gestation and Pre weaning Calf Performance written by Katelyn Spence and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examined the impact of strategic supplementation of straw-based diets with an energy-protein supplement and previously established residual feed intake (RFI) classification on beef cow performance (body weight, condition, feed intake, reproductive performance) in mid to late gestation and pre-weaning calf performance. Nutritional management regimens included nutrient adequate and deficient diets, along with examining frequency of supplementation to correct nutrient deficient diets. RFI classification was used to measure feed efficiency. RFI classification changes between years, and second and third trimesters were evaluated to establish influence of nutritional management regimen. Blood parameters were evaluated to assess effects of strategic supplementation in late gestation. The overall objective of the study was to evaluate how supplementation of low quality feed stuffs affects cow performance. The overall goal was to reduce the cost of production in beef cow-calf operations, with the use of more feed efficient cows and low quality feed stuffs.
Download or read book Nutritional Management of Beef Cows During Late Gestation to Enhance Offspring Productivity written by Rodrigo Da Silva Marques and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two experiments evaluated nutritional management of late-gestating beef cows to enhance offspring productivity. The objective of experiment 1 was to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic Cu, Mn, Zn, and Co supplementation to beef cows during late-gestation on performance and physiological responses of the offspring. The objective of experiment 2 was to evaluate the effects of rumen-protected essential fatty acid (EFA) supplementation to beef cows during the last trimester of gestation on performance and physiological responses of the offspring. In experiment 1, 84 multiparous, non-lactating, pregnant Angus × Hereford cows were ranked by pregnancy type (AI = 56 and natural service = 28), BW, and BCS, and allocated to 21 drylot pens at the end of their 2nd trimester of gestation (day 0). Pens were assigned to receive forage-based diets containing: 1) sulfate sources of Cu, Co, Mn, and Zn (INR), 2) an organic complexed source of Cu, Mn, Co, and Zn (AAC; Availa®4; Zinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN), or 3) no supplemental Cu, Co, Mn, and Zn (CON). Diets were offered from day (d) 0 until calving and formulated to meet requirements for energy, protein, macrominerals, Se, I, and vitamins. The INR and AAC diets provided the same daily amount of Cu, Co, Mn, and Zn. Cow BW and BCS were recorded, and liver samples were collected on d -10 and 2 weeks (wk; d 75) before the calving season. Within 3 h after calving, calf BW was recorded, liver samples were collected, and the expelled placenta was retrieved (n = 47 placentas). Calves were weaned on d 283 of the experiment, preconditioned for 45 d (d 283 to 328), transferred to a growing lot on d 328, and moved to a finishing lot on d 440 where they remained until slaughter. Liver Co, Cu, and Zn concentrations on d 75 were greater (P ≤ 0.05) for INR and AAC compared with CON cows, whereas INR had reduced (P = 0.04) liver Co but greater (P = 0.03) liver Cu compared with AAC cows. In placental cotyledons, Co concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in AAC and INR compared with CON cows, whereas Cu concentrations were only increased (P = 0.05) in AAC compared with CON cows. Calves from INR and AAC had greater (P
Download or read book Factors Influencing Cow Performance and Intake written by Justin W. Adcock and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT FACTORS INFLUENCING COW PERFORMANCE AND INTAKE Two studies were conducted to determine how weaning system, residual feed intake (RFI), and residual average daily gain (RADG) affect cow performance and intake. In Study 1, a two-year study was conducted using Angus and Simmental X Angus heifers (n=114) to evaluate how weaning system (early weaning (EW) vs. normal weaning (NW)) affects cow-calf performance and intake. All cows with male calves were early weaned at 130 d while cows with female calves were normal weaned at 200 d. These animals were then evaluated for individual intake at 60 d, 120 d, 180 d, and 240 d postpartum. Weigh-suckle-weigh (WSW) was used to determine milk production for the lactating periods. BW, Hip height, body condition score (BCS, 1-9 scale), and backfat via ultrasound were measured. No differences (P > 0.05) were noted in the 60 and 120 d postpartum cow measurements, but calf BW did differ (P 0.05) with male calves being heaver. At 180 d postpartum cows with their offspring early-weaned had increased (P
Download or read book Effects of Prepartum Nutrition and Sire on Endocrine Profiles During Late Gestation and on Cow and Calf Performance written by Garth Winston Boyd and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Impact of Increasing Level of Milk Production on Cow and Calf Behavior and Performance in the Nebraska Sandhills written by Selby L. Boerman and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selection for increased milk production across the United States has resulted in variable cow and calf production responses. Better understanding of calf nursing and grazing behaviors may provide opportunities to help estimate how milk and grazed forage intake influence variability in calf performance. In a 2-yr study, cow-calf pairs (n = 65) were equipped with neck collars containing global positioning system (GPS) units to validate the efficacy of high-frequency GPS data to accurately identify calf nursing events and grazing behavior. Data were collected during 3-wk tracking periods during early lactation (calf age 65.4 ± 10.0 d; EARLY) and late lactation (calf age 162 ± 22.3 d; LATE). Calf behavior was visually observed for a total of 350 hrs and was used in a training dataset for a random forest (RF) classification model. Out of bag (OOB) estimates of individual behaviors indicated relatively low misclassification error rates, less than 4%, suggesting that high frequency GPS tracking can be used to effectively classify calf nursing and grazing behaviors. Behavior prediction results in this study match ranges reported in previous literature, supporting the efficacy of this technique to assess behavior in beef calves. In a 2-yr study, crossbred cow-calf pairs (n = 118) from March- and May-calving herds were used to determine the impact of increasing total milk production on cow body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), reproductive performance, calf BW, and calf average daily gain (ADG). On approximately 30, 60, 90, 120, and 210 d postpartum, individual cow 24-h milk yield was estimated with weigh-suckle-weigh techniques. Milk area under the curve (AUC) values were calculated and data were analyzed using linear regression analysis. Cow BW, BW change, and reproductive performance were not (P > 0.12) associated with milk AUC, except for a tendency (P = 0.09) for lower BW at breeding. At weaning, cow BCS was negatively associated (P = 0.09) with increasing milk AUC but was not associated at any other physiological stage. A significant positive association with calf average daily gain (ADG) was observed from birth to age 120 d and a tendency (P = 0.09) for a positive association was observed from age 120 d to weaning. Steer ADG in the finishing phase was not (P = 0.63) associated with dam milk production. In this environment, increasing milk production had a positive increase in calf growth during the pre-weaning phase without any negative impacts on overall cow-calf production.
Download or read book Effects of Gestational Dietary Intake on Calf Growth and Early Feedlot Performance of Offspring written by Jose Gardner and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fetal programming is a relatively new and quickly growing field of research in the livestock industry. The concept of fetal programming is simply defined as the effects a change in maternal nutritional intake has on offspring, whether it be a genetic or physical change. The intention of this study was to specifically look at the effects of nutrient restriction of cows during the second trimester of gestation on the growth and performance of the resulting calves. In this study, thirty-two cows of predominantly angus influence from the Utah state university herd were chosen, naturally bred to a pure bred angus sire, and then allocated into two treatments: maintenance and restricted. These groups were treated uniformly for first and third trimesters of gestation, while in the second trimester, they were managed in a way that the maintenance group maintained a greater level of body condition and weight compared with the restricted group. Calf growth and performance was measured and compared for effects of fetal programming. Previous studies in beef found positive effects on carcass characteristics. However, little work has been done to ensure that fetal programming is not detrimental to calves early in life. Though this study did find that nutrient restriction resulted in more excitable cattle, no negative effects caused by programming were found in growth and performance of the offspring.
Download or read book Evaluating the Effects of Pre and Post AI Nutrition on Embryo Quality and Reproductive Efficiency of Beef Cattle written by Ricardo P. Arias and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of nutrition during late gestation and after insemination, as well as the effects of energy reserves on reproductive function of the beef female and subsequent growth and reproductive function of their offspring were investigated. The aims of this research were: 1) to evaluate how a change in nutritional intake immediately after insemination would affect pregnancy success and concentrations of hormonal mediators, IGF-I and progesterone, 2) to determine the influence that postpartum energy reserves have on embryo viability, early embryonic development, and embryo quality, and 3) to evaluate the impact that maternal protein supplementation of irrigated meadow grass hay during the last trimester of gestation has on cow BW and BCS, calf birth and weaning BW, conception rates of heifer offspring, and feedlot performance of steer offspring. Findings from Chapter III show that suppression in nutritional plane of heifers during the 21-d following AI has a negative impact on heifer performance, circulating concentrations of IGF-I, and AI pregnancy rates. Thus, it is biologically beneficial to ensure that heifers maintain their pre-breeding plane of nutrition during the 21-d following AI. Chapter IV presents evidence that cows with BCS 5.4 tend to produce more total embryos after a superovulation program compared to cows BCS 4.3. Additionally, peripheral concentrations of IGF-I were greatest in cows with a BCS 5.4, which may be an indicator of a more suitable environment in the uterus for further development of an embryo. In Chapter V, cows supplemented with protein during the last trimester of gestation had a greater BW gain and BCS change by calving time. Weaning BW of calves born to protein supplemented dams was greater when compared to calves from non-supplemented cows. There was a trend for pregnancy rates of heifers born supplemented dams to be 16 percentage points greater (95% vs. 79%). And although dam supplementation did not seem to affect intakes, gains, feed efficiency or carcass characteristics on the male progeny in this study, advantages have been observed other peer-reviewed research studies that support the concept that late gestation supplementation can have an impact subsequent progeny.
Download or read book The Effects of Postpartum Nutrition and Suckling Management on Reproductive Function and Preweaning Calf Performance in Fall calving Brahman B o s I n d i c u s Females written by Richard Browning (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of Early Weaning Beef Calves on Feedlot Performance Carcass Characteristics Cow Performance and Economic Return written by Jennifer Marie Barker and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Early Life Nutrition of Dairy Calves and Its Implications on Future Milk Production written by Fernando Soberon and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pre-weaning management of dairy calves over the last 30 years has focused on mortality, early weaning and rumen development. Recent data has demonstrated the potential to influence metabolic programming and consequently alter future performance of dairy cattle through nutrition and management during the first few months of life. Two main management practices have been identified as having the greatest impact in future performance: colostrum management and energy intake pre-weaning. Therefore, the first objective was to investigate the relationship between nutrient intake from milk replacer and pre and post-weaning growth rate with lactation performance. The evaluation of over 1,800 first lactations resulted in a strong relationship between average daily gain (ADG) pre-weaning and milk production so that for every additional kg of ADG pre-weaning first lactation milk production is increased by 850 kg. The relationship is equally strong when assessed by energy intake above maintenance from milk replacer during the pre-weaning period. The second objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of preweaning nutrition on mammary gland development. The mammary gland, especially the parenchymal mass were shown to be responsive to nutrient intake such that the parenchymal mass of calves that consumed more nutrients grew 5.6 times faster than that of control calves. This was significant because it demonstrated that allometric growth can be initiated from birth and that the mammary gland is very nutrient responsive, something not readily recognized in dairy cattle. The interaction of colostrum status and pre-weaning nutrient intake was also evaluated and the data suggests that the effects of colostrum management can be amplified or muted depending on nutritional status pre-weaning. Colostrum contains an array of different growth factors that can account for some of the long-term impacts on growth and efficiency; a preliminary study evaluating hormone levels post-colostrum feeding in newborn calves suggest that hormones present in colostrum may be directly absorbed by the calf and could impact metabolic programming through the "Lactocrine hypothesis". Protein synthesis and accretion is proposed as the primary signal that enhances future performance of pre-weaned cattle; however, milk protein sources are expensive and feeding high levels of such proteins may not always be cost effective. Therefore, alternative protein sources were evaluated as a way to reduce the cost of milk replacers. In this study, milk replacers containing whey based protein were the most effective milk replacers, with or without a modified amino acid profile.
Download or read book Long term Effects of Metabolic Imprinting and Calf Management Systems Following Early weaning on Growth and Reproductive Performance of Beef Calves written by Philipe Moriel and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experiment 2 demonstrated that EW heifers provided a high-concentrate diet for at least 90 d in drylot and EW heifers grazed on ryegrass pastures, had similar or greater growth performance than NW heifers. Furthermore, it provided evidence that early-exposure to a high-concentrate diet lead to metabolic imprinting effects, such as altered liver IGF-1 expression (during periods of similar nutritional management) and early puberty achievement of Bos indicus-influenced beef heifers. Calf weaning at the onset of the breeding season enhanced cow growth performance, and tended to enhance reproductive performance of multiparous cows.
Download or read book Level of Milk Production in Range Cows written by Keith Stewart Lusby and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Factors Affecting the Determination of Residual Feed Intake in Beef Cows Fed a Common Diet in Mid to Late Gestation written by Conor Warren and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this study were to determine residual feed intake (RFI) classification (low, medium, high) in mid to late gestation for beef cows of varying ages and breed composition fed a common diet, examine factors affecting determination of RFI, and investigate alternative models to calculate RFI. Comparisons were made among RFI classification and age groups for growth performance and measurements of body weight, body composition, and calving traits. While there were no differences in body weight, body composition, or calving traits among RFI classification groups, low RFI cows consumed less feed and had greater feed conversion than medium and high RFI cows. Intermediate aged cows gained more weight, consumed more feed, had greater feed conversion, and deposited more back fat than young and old cows. Alternate models to calculate RFI showed promise for explaining a greater proportion of variation in pregnant cow feed intake than traditional RFI models.
Download or read book Effects of Metabolizable Protein Supplementation and Intake on Cow Production written by Bryan Micheal Nichols and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2008, two-yr-old Angus and Simmental x Angus pregnant, non-lactating heifers (n = 120, initial BW = 448 " 36 kg) had individual feed intake determined using a GrowSafe feeding system. Dietary treatments were based on approximately 85% grass hay and 15% supplement. Supplements contained whole soybeans plus corn (102% MP) or dried distillers grains plus soybean meal (119% MP). After 35 d of intake measurement, heifers were placed into adjacent pens and fed their diets for an additional 50 or 82 d. Upon completion of the feeding trial, heifers were transported back to the ranch, managed as a single group, and production data were measured. Level of dietary MP had no effect (P> 0.17) on calf birthweight, adjusted 205-d weight, preweaning ADG, age at weaning, cow BW at calving, proportion of cows cycling at bull exposure, or proportion of cows to conceive. Dry matter intake per unit of BW 0.75 and RFI did not differ because of treatment and had no effect (P> 0.17) on any variables measured. In 2009, 24 of these heifers that had the highest and lowest RFI were selected to be fed a similar diet as in 2008 to determine the correlation of DMI per BW 0.75 and RFI between heifers (2008) and later as cows (2009). Cows were adapted to the diet for 10 d followed by a 70 d trial to determine individual feed intakes and weight gain. Dry matter intake per BW 0.75 was highly correlated (r = 0.71, P 0.01) between first and second parities, as was residual feed intake (r = 0.83, P
Download or read book Effects of Organic and Inorganic Selenium Supplementation During Late Gestation and Early Lactation on Beef Cow calf Performance written by Christopher Robert Muegge and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Angus x Simmental cows (n = 48, BW = 594 kg, BCS = 5.26, Age = 2.7), pregnant with male fetuses, were used to determine the effect selenium (Se) source during the last 80 d of gestation and first 108 d of lactation on progeny feedlot performance. At 203 d in gestation, cows were blocked by body weight, age, breed composition, and calf sire, and allotted to 1 of 3 treatments: no Se, inorganic Se, or organic Se. Maternal diets were formulated to contain 10.4% CP and 0.90 Mcal/kg NEg during gestation and 12.1% CP and 1.01 Mcal/kg NEg during lactation. Basal diets contained 0.07 and 0.11 mg/kg Se for gestation and lactation diets; respectively. Diets were fed daily as a total mixed ration and Se was provided in a top-dress containing 0, 0.30 mg/kg Se as sodium selenite, or 0.30 mg/kg Se as Sel-PlexRTM. Treatment diets were fed through 108 d post-partum (DPP). At 68 DPP milk production was calculated using the weigh-suckle-weigh procedure and a milk sample was collected was at 62 DPP to determine composition. At 108 DPP cow-calf pairs were commingled until weaning at 216 DPP. At 28 d post-weaning, steers (n = 47, BW = 301 kg) were placed in individual pens and fed a diet formulated to provide 13.9% CP, 1.24 Mcal/kg NEg, and 0.10 mg/kg Se. The diet was delivered as total mixed ration once daily. Cow weight and BCS and calf birth weight did not differ at the beginning of the trial (P ≥ 0.55). Cow BW and BCS (P ≥ 0.85) did not differ between treatments at any time point during the study. Milk production, milk fat, and total solids ( P ≥ 0.38) did not differ among treatments. Milk protein tended to increase in cows fed inorganic Se compared to cows fed organic Se ( P = 0.07) and milk lactose tended to be greatest in cows fed organic Se (P = 0.10). Conception to AI and overall pregnancy rates did not differ between the diets (P ≥ 0.39). Calf weights and ADG did not differ for the 105 d experimental period (P ≥ 0.77) or for the entire pre-weaning period (P ≥ 0.33). Plasma Se concentration did not differ between treatments for the cows ( P ≥ 0.37). Liver Se concentration in cows fed inorganic and organic Se treatment were significantly greater than that of cows from the control treatment (P
Download or read book Effects of Weaning Date on Cow and Calf Performance written by Kellie Ann Chichester and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
