Download or read book Effects of N 6 and N 3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Colorectal Carcinogenesis written by Yvonne Elisabeth Maria Dommels and published by . This book was released on 2003* with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Colorectal Cancer and the Development of the Total Western Diet 2 written by Sara Kellen and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Western diet is commonly consumed by industrialized societies and characterized by an increased consumption of vegetable oils rich in omega-6 (n-6) fatty acids. This results in a higher ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids in the diet. Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are believed to induce a pro-inflammatory response in the body. Therefore, this change in PUFA concentration and/or ratio of n-6:n-3 in the Western diet may contribute to colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Five identical diets, varying only in PUFA concentration and n-6:n-3 ratio, were fed to mice dosed with a carcinogen and an inflammatory accent (AOM+DSS). The diets included: 1.) AIN-93G, control diet, containing 7% (kcal) dietary PUFA, 7:1 n-6:n-3 ratio, 2.) 2.5% dietary PUFA 1:1 n-6:n-3 ratio, 3.) 2.5% PUFA 20:1 n-6:n-3, 4.) 10% PUFA 1:1 n-6:n-3, and 5.) 10% PUFA 20:1 n-6:n-3. PUFA ratio had a significant effect on tumor size. Diets having an n-6:n-3 ratio of 1:1 resulted in significantly larger tumors than diets with an n-6:n-3ratio of 20:1. Mice fed either the AIN-93G or 2.5% 1:1 diet had the highest number of tumors compared to the other experimental diets. From these results, it appears that the dietary PUFA profile influences the etiology of CRC. Studies investigating CRC commonly use rodent models to investigate human diseases. Typically rodents are fed diets formulated to promote growth and heath, however these diets are considerably different than the Western diet in terms of macro- and micronutrients. Diet is known to influence CRC incidence, which led to the development of the Total Western Diet (TWD) by Hinze and colleagues. The TWD is a rodent diet that uses purified ingredients to match the macro- and micronutrient composition of the average American diet. However, the complex nature of whole-foods is also known to impact colon health, so the TWD was redesigned. The TWD-2 is the only whole-foods-based rodent diet that emulates the macro- and micronutrient consumption of the average American. Initiating studies using the TWD-2, in place of the AIN diets, will hopefully make the rodent a better model for human disease research.

Download or read book Dietary Omega 3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cancer written by Gabriella Calviello and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-01-22 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dietary Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cancer provides all the latest information on the possible benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) against a wide series of cancers. Several influential scientists in this field have contributed to make this book unique amongst the others published so far in this field. The chapters give detailed information about the results obtained in this field through experimental studies conducted on both animals and cultured cells, as well as through human intervention trials and epidemiological observational studies. This book represents an important tool for researchers working in nutrition and oncology, since it collects all the knowledge about omega-3 PUFAs and cancer, even the most recent, in a single publication. For the first time controversies among the different studies are also covered with great detail in this book. The book enables physicians to clearly understand on a scientific basis if their oncologic patients or patients at risk of cancer could actually benefit from a diet enriched in omega-3 PUFAs or from a dietary supplementation with these fatty acids. The book represents also a good resource for ordinary individuals as well as cancer patients to learn more about omega-3 PUFAs and understand how these dietary components may affect cancer growth.

Download or read book Effects of Dietary Fatty Acids on Intestinal Tumorigenesis in ApcMin Mice written by Melissa B. Hansen-Petrik and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Field written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-05-13 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every aspect of immune function and host defense is dependent upon a proper supply and balance of nutrients. Severe malnutrition can cause significant alteration in immune response, but even subclinical deficits may be associated with an impaired immune response, and an increased risk of infection. Infectious diseases have accounted for more off-duty days during major wars than combat wounds or nonbattle injuries. Combined stressors may reduce the normal ability of soldiers to resist pathogens, increase their susceptibility to biological warfare agents, and reduce the effectiveness of vaccines intended to protect them. There is also a concern with the inappropriate use of dietary supplements. This book, one of a series, examines the impact of various types of stressors and the role of specific dietary nutrients in maintaining immune function of military personnel in the field. It reviews the impact of compromised nutrition status on immune function; the interaction of health, exercise, and stress (both physical and psychological) in immune function; and the role of nutritional supplements and newer biotechnology methods reported to enhance immune function. The first part of the book contains the committee's workshop summary and evaluation of ongoing research by Army scientists on immune status in special forces troops, responses to the Army's questions, conclusions, and recommendations. The rest of the book contains papers contributed by workshop speakers, grouped under such broad topics as an introduction to what is known about immune function, the assessment of immune function, the effect of nutrition, and the relation between the many and varied stresses encountered by military personnel and their effect on health.

Download or read book Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism written by Graham C. Burdge and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-05-04 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism explores a number of major roles of PUFA in the body, including its role as a component of cell membranes and how it provides substrates for the synthesis of lipid second messengers. Recent studies are unraveling the effect of interactions between diet and endocrine factors and genetic and epigenetic variation on the regulation of PUFA biosynthesis in animals. Together, these recent findings provide novel insights into the impact of differences in PUFA supply on health. This book captures these findings in a manner that marks the state-of-the-art, placing them in the wider context of PUFA metabolism and nutritional science. Users will find a comprehensive discussion on the topic that presents the contributions of leading researchers who combine their knowledge to create a cohesive academic resource for researchers, those involved in production, and health policymakers. - Provides a comprehensive view of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism - Describes underlying metabolism on lipids that include polyunsaturated fatty acids - Includes discussions on recent findings on the genetic and epigenetic regulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism

Download or read book Omega 3 Fatty Acids in Health and Disease written by Lindsay Brown and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-09-27 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Health and Disease" that was published in JCM

Download or read book The Ethyl Ester Forms of the N 3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Decrease the Proliferation Invasion and Matrixmetalloproteinase Activity of Colorectal Cancer Cells written by Eric Christopher Pfister and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than half of individuals diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) will die from their cancer. The 5-year survival rate for patients diagnosed metastatic CRC is only 14%. Effective and well-tolerated therapies, such as dietary supplements, that prevent metastasis may increase the survival of these patients. The ability of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to decrease the proliferation of a variety of cancers in vitro, including CRC, is well established; however, the efficacy of n-3 PUFAs with respect to inhibition of CRC metastasis has received little attention. EPA- and DHA ethyl esters (EEs) are alternative forms of n-3FAs that may be more efficacious than free, non-esterified n-3 PUFAs due to their ability to resist degradation allowing them to exert their effects for longer durations. Our objectives were to (1) compare the efficacy of free vs EE n-3 PUFAs with respect to inhibition of CRC cell proliferation, (2) to determine if EE n-3 PUFAs decreased CRC cell invasion, and (3) to begin to elucidate the mechanism through which EE n-3 PUFAs decrease cell invasion. We used two human invasive CRC cell lines, HCT-116 and SW620, and two murine invasive CRC cell lines, MC-38 and CT26. To examine the effects of each n-3 PUFA on cellular proliferation, cells were treated with 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 ℗æM free or EE-EPA or -DHA for 72 h [CAS numbers: free EPA (10417-94-4), free DHA (6217-54-5), EE-EPA (86227-47-6), EE-DHA (81926-94-5)]. All cells received equal volumes of ethanol vehicle. Data shown are mean 2̐ł n=3. As n-3 PUFA concentration increased, cellular proliferation decreased, regardless of n-3 FA type. Importantly, the IC50 (inhibitory concentration) for EE-EPA (7.7 ℗ł 1.6 ℗æM) was lower than that of free EPA (24.5 ℗ł4.2 ℗æM). The ability of EE-EPA and -DHA to decrease the invasion of CRC cells through Matrigel coated Boyden chambers was assessed following treatment with 12.5 ℗æM EE-EPA or -DHA for 24 h. EE-EPA and EE-DHA inhibited the invasion of HCT-116 cells to 35.1 ℗ł 18.8% and 38.9 ℗ł 18.8% of control, respectively. Similarly, SW620 cell invasion was decreased to 27.5 ℗ł 9.7% of control by EE-EPA and 24.2 ℗ł 6.7% of control by EE-DHA. The decrease in metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity, assessed via zymography following EE n-3 PUFA treatment, reflected the decrease in CRC cell invasion. Finally, EE n-3 FAs failed to inhibit the invasion of HCT-116 cells expressing two alleles of constitutively active phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, suggesting their ability to decrease cell invasion is conferred by inhibition of PI3K activity. In conclusion, EE n-3 PUFAs are likely more effective inhibitors of CRC proliferation than free n-3 PUFAs, potentially because they are more stable. Additionally, EE n-3 PUFAs also inhibit CRC invasion and decrease MMP-2 activity through a mechanism that may involve PI3K.

Download or read book Nutritional Health written by Norman J. Temple and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-27 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now going into its third much-expanded edition, the highly praised Nutritional Health: Strategies for Disease Prevention has been brought fully up to date to include all the new thinking and discoveries that have the greatest capacity to improve human health and nutritional advancement. About half the new edition will be revised and updated from the second edition while the other half will consist of major revisions of previous chapters or new subjects. Like the two previous editions the book will consist of general reviews on various topics in nutrition, especially those of much current interest. The authors provide extensive, in-depth chapters covering the most important aspects of the complex interactions between diet, its nutrient components, and their impacts on disease states, and on those health conditions that increase the risk of chronic dieases. Up to date and comprehensive, Nutritional Health: Strategies for Disease Prevention, Third Edition offers physicians, dietitians, and nutritionists a practical, data-driven, integrated resource to help evaluate the critical role of nutrition.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Cancer written by Manfred Schwab and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-23 with total page 3307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive encyclopedic reference provides rapid access to focused information on topics of cancer research for clinicians, research scientists and advanced students. Given the overwhelming success of the first edition, which appeared in 2001, and fast development in the different fields of cancer research, it has been decided to publish a second fully revised and expanded edition. With an A-Z format of over 7,000 entries, more than 1,000 contributing authors provide a complete reference to cancer. The merging of different basic and clinical scientific disciplines towards the common goal of fighting cancer makes such a comprehensive reference source all the more timely.

Download or read book Effect of N 3 and N 6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Inflammation written by Tao Xu and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has changed drastically in the past century in the American diet has received attention due to potential effects on chronic inflammation-related metabolic diseases. In this project, the effects of dietary PUFA content and the n-6 to n-3 ratio on inflammatory responses in the acute and chronic inflammation models were evaluated. The PUFA content was modified on a Western diet background to deliver both n-6 and n-3 intakes at the 10th and 90th percentile of the population in the United States, and models of acute and chronic inflammation were tested in mice model. The experimental PUFA diets had a modest effect on the response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the acute inflammation model. A high n-6 to n-3 ratio promoted lipogenesis. In addition, high n-6 PUFA enhanced the inflammatory responses via the NF-ÎðB pathway. In chronic inflammation model, low-grade inflammatory stress was induced by osmotic mini-pump delivery of LPS. A high n-6 intake increased glucose intolerance. On the other hand, high n-6 intake promotes cholesterol ester accumulation in both acute and chronic inflammation models.

Download or read book Nutraceutical Fatty Acids from Oleaginous Microalgae written by Alok Kumar Patel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-08-11 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past several years, extensive research has been done on the microbial production of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Regardless, research on the oleaginous microalgae used as feedstock for biofuels production and the overall story about the production of nutraceutical fatty acids from oleaginous microalgae has been very limited. This volume provides an exclusive insight on the production of nutraceutical fatty acids from oleaginous microalgae and their role on human health. Some saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids can be synthesized by humans, whereas long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid cannot and are deemed essential. The products of these acids, such as DHA, which is important for early visual and neurological development, are extremely important to human health. Replacing SFAs with omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in the diet reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases and prevent Alzheimer's, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia, among other benefits. The ever-rising global demand for omega-3 & 6 PUFAs, however, cannot be met solely by fish oil, due to diminishing fish stocks and pollution of marine ecosystems, which has led to increased interest in alternative sustainable sources. Vegetable oils from genetically engineered plant oilseeds and microorganisms are two potential alternatives to fish oil, even though omega-3 PUFAs are highest in the latter. Although transgenic plants present numerous advantages, their production is dependent on seasonal and climatic conditions and the availability of arable land. Moreover, there are public concerns regarding the cultivation of transgenic crops in open ecosystems. These, together with regulatory issues restrict the large-scale production of genetically modified crops. Microorganisms, however, are known natural producers of microbial oils similar to those obtained from plants and animals and a possible source of nutritionally important omega-3 & 6 PUFAs. This groundbreaking volume presents invaluable new research on essential fatty acids, their production from various oleaginous microorganisms, biochemical and metabolic engineering to improve PUFAs content in oil, extraction and purification of omega 3 fatty acids, and the current market scenario. Whether a veteran engineer or scientist using it as a reference or a professor using it as a textbook, this outstanding new volume is a must-have for any engineer or scientist working in food science.

Download or read book Dietary Intake of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Fish and Protein in Relation to Colorectal Cancer Risk written by Megan N. Hall and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Colorectal Cancer and Inflammation Effects of Three Major Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on the Lipid Metabolism of Colorectal Adenocarcinoma HT 29 Cells and on the Cytokine Secretion by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells written by Nikolaus Constantin Wachtel and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Diet and Health written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 765 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diet and Health examines the many complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. It proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and dental caries.

Download or read book Omega 6 omega 3 Essential Fatty Acid Ratio written by Artemis P. Simopoulos and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies on the evolutionary aspects of diet and molecular studies included in this volume indicate that human beings evolved on a diet that was balanced in the essential fatty acids (EFA). In fact, the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 EFA was 1/1 whereas present day diets in both developed and developing countries have a much higher ratio, between 5/1 and 50/1. Additional studies show that a high ratio of omega-6/omega-3 EFA is detrimental to health and may lead to the development of chronic diseases. Improving the dietary ratio by decreasing the omega-6 fatty acids and increasing the omega-3 fatty acids is essential for brain function and for the management of cardiovascular disease, arthritis and cancer. A ratio of 4/1 or less leads to lower dosage and to the reduction of adverse effects of drugs. This volume should be of interest to a large and varied audience of researchers in academia, industry, and government; cardiologists, geneticists, immunologists, neuroscientists, and cancer specialists; as well as nutritionists, dietitians, food scientists, agriculturists, economists and regulators.

Download or read book Lipids in Health and Disease written by Peter Quinn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-08-27 with total page 603 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lipids are functionally versatile molecules. They have evolved from relatively simple hydrocarbons that serve as depot storages of metabolites and barriers to the permeation of solutes into complex compounds that perform a variety of signalling functions in higher organisms. This volume is devoted to the polar lipids and their constituents. We have omitted the neutral lipids like fats and oils because their function is generally to act as deposits of metabolizable substrates. The sterols are also outside the scope of the present volume and the reader is referred to volume 28 of this series which is the subject of cholesterol. The polar lipids are comprised of fatty acids attached to either glycerol or sphingosine. The fatty acids themselves constitute an important reservoir of substrates for conversion into families of signalling and modulating molecules including the eicosanoids amongst which are the prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leucotrienes. The way fatty acid metabolism is regulated in the liver and how fatty acids are desaturated are subjects considered in the first part of this volume. This section also deals with the modulation of protein function and inflammation by unsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives. New insights into the role of fatty acid synthesis and eicosenoid function in tumour progression and metastasis are presented.