Download or read book Effects of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Electron Beam Additively Manufactured Ti6Al4V with Powder Reuse written by Taehoon Kim and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal additive manufacturing has many advantages such as low material waste, unlimited design complexity, and its cost-effectiveness as a near-net-shape process. It has been applied to many materials, but especially for the fabrication of Ti6Al4V components due to its excellent corrosion resistance, high strength to weight ratio, and biocompatibility. Among a variety of additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, especially powder bed fusion systems, electron beam melting (EBM) has been extensively investigated because of its lower thermal stress in parts compared to Selective Laser Melting (SLM), and high density of parts produced. However, there are limited investigations related to heat treatment as a post-processing technique with powder reuse in EBM AM of Ti6Al4V over consecutive builds for the comparison of microstructure and mechanical properties. Therefore, this research analyzed the effects of heat treatment with powder reuse over 30 build cycles to identify the changes in microstructures and mechanical properties of Grade 5 Ti6Al4V. EBM printed samples were analyzed by tensile testing and scanning electron microscopy. Heat treatment was conducted with sub (710°C) near (950°C) and super (1050°C) beta-transus temperature. As a result of these heat treatments, the alpha lath thickness increased, which caused a reduction in strength and an increase in ductility. Metal subjected to the near beta-transus temperature heat treatment (950°C/1hr) exhibited the best ductility among other heat treatments. The sub beta-transus temperature did not show any difference when compared to the as-built samples, whereas the super beta-transus heat treatment caused a decrease in both the strength and ductility. Through microstructural analysis, sub beta-transus heat treatment showed the same microstructure as as-built samples (prior beta columnar grains with alpha lath). The near beta-transus heat treatment caused coarsening of the alpha lath, whereas the super beta-transus heat treatment caused recrystallization to uniform equiaxed structure with alpha grain boundaries. The super beta-transus heat treatment and corresponding equiaxed grain microstructure caused a change in fracture mode from transcrystalline to intercrystalline. In addition to the use of the near beta-transus heat treatment, the controlling cooling rate is an important factor in obtaining the optimum tensile properties. Regarding powder reuse, there was an increase in the oxygen content, which contributed to the alpha lath thickness and the tensile properties. Lastly, heat treatment and post-build machining the samples appeared to improve the reliability of the Ti6Al4V produced by EBM AM.

Download or read book Effects of Powder Reuse on the Mechanical Properties of Electron Beam Additively Manufactured Ti 6Al 4V written by Reid Schur and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Powder Reuse in Electron Beam Melting Additive Manufacturing of Ti6Al4V written by Alexander Montelione and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal Additive Manufacturing (AM) is being adopted in the aerospace and orthopedic industries. While the cost of powder feedstock has raised interest in reusing unmelted powder in subsequent builds, powder reuse could degrade part properties. In this study the properties of Ti6Al4V metal powder are evaluated over 30 build cycles in Electron Beam Melting (EBM) AM. The morphological, microstructural, mechanical, and chemical changes are evaluated in cross-sectioned powder particles and compared to control samples. Results show that in response to the elevated build chamber temperature, the powder undergoes a sub-beta-transus aging heat treatment with reuse. Nanoindentation shows that the particles undergo an increase in near-surface hardness (up to 2 GPa) with respect to the core. Tint etching revealed an oxidized surface layers consistent with alpha case formation. The particle hardening appears to result from oxygen diffusion during powder recovery and not work hardening via mechanical aspects of powder recovery.

Download or read book Heat Treater s Guide written by Harry Chandler and published by ASM International. This book was released on 1994-12-31 with total page 920 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edition is a complete revision and contains a great deal of new subject matter including information on ferrous powder metallurgy, cast irons, ultra high strength steels, furnace atmospheres, quenching processes, SPC and computer technology. Data on over 135 additional irons and steels have been added to the previously-covered 280 alloys.

Download or read book Additive Manufacturing of Metal Alloys 2 written by Patrice Peyre and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-08-29 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Quality Analysis of Additively Manufactured Metals written by Javad Kadkhodapour and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-11-30 with total page 858 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quality Analysis of Additively Manufactured Metals: Simulation Approaches, Processes, and Microstructure Properties provides readers with a firm understanding of the failure and fatigue processes of additively manufactured metals. With a focus on computational methods, the book analyzes the process-microstructure-property relationship of these metals and how it affects their quality while also providing numerical, analytical, and experimental data for material design and investigation optimization. It outlines basic additive manufacturing processes for metals, strategies for modeling the microstructural features of metals and how these features differ based on the manufacturing process, and more.Improvement of additively manufactured metals through predictive simulation methods and microdamage and micro-failure in quasi-static and cyclic loading scenarios are covered, as are topology optimization methods and residual stress analysis techniques. The book concludes with a section featuring case studies looking at additively manufactured metals in automotive, biomedical and aerospace settings. Provides insights and outlines techniques for analyzing why additively manufactured metals fail and strategies for avoiding those failures Defines key terms and concepts related to the failure analysis, quality assurance and optimization processes of additively manufactured metals Includes simulation results, experimental data and case studies

Download or read book On the Impact of Non Optimal Parameters in Additive Manufacturing written by Julia Richter and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2024-01-01 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Die additive Fertigung mit ihrem schichtweisen Aufbau bietet eine Vielzahl attraktiver Eigenschaften wie eine noch nie dagewesene Gestaltungsfreiheit und maßgeschneiderte mechanische Eigenschaften. Unter anderem erlaubt das pulverbettbasierte Laserstrahlschmelzen von Metallen (PBF-LB/M) die Herstellung hochkomplexer Teile mit einem Minimum an Nachbearbeitungsaufwand. Da die additiven Fertigungsverfahren jedoch vergleichsweise neu sind, gibt es noch einige offene Fragen bezüglich der Prozess-Mikrostruktur-Eigenschafts-Beziehung zu klären. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde der Einfluss verschiedener Prozessabweichungen, die einen nicht-idealen Prozesszustand darstellen, auf die Mikrostruktur und die mechanischen Eigenschaften von Eisen- und Aluminiumbasislegierungen untersucht. Aufgrund der großen Anzahl unterschiedlicher Prozessabweichungen konzentrierte sich diese Arbeit auf drei exemplarische, nicht-ideale Prozesse, d.h. Prozessunterbrechungen, die Verwendung von nicht-sphärischen Pulvern und einen variierenden Prozessgasstrom. Durch den Einsatz hochauflösender elektronenmikroskopischer Analysemethoden sowie der Röntgentomographie konnten tiefe Einblicke in die Mikrostruktur und die Defektbildungsmechanismen gewonnen werden. Der Einfluss von Mikrostruktur und Defekten auf die Schädigungsentwicklung unter mechanischer Belastung wurde analysiert und eine Modellidee für eine robuste Produktion abgeleitet und mit bestehenden Konzepten diskutiert.

Download or read book Titanium in Medical and Dental Applications written by Francis Froes and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2018-05-09 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Titanium in Medical and Dental Applications is an essential reference book for those involved in biomedical materials and advanced metals. Written by well-known experts in the field, it covers a broad array of titanium uses, including implants, instruments, devices, the manufacturing processes used to create them, their properties, corrosion resistance and various fabrication approaches. Biomedical titanium materials are a critically important part of biomaterials, especially in cases where non-metallic biomedical materials are not suited to applications, such as the case of load-bearing implants. The book also covers the use of titanium for implants in the medical and dental fields and reviews the use of titanium for medical instruments and devices. Provides an understanding of the essential and broad applications of Titanium in both the medical and dental industries Discusses the pathways to manufacturing titanium into critical biomedical and dental devices Includes insights into further applications within the industry

Download or read book Surface Engineered Surgical Tools and Medical Devices written by Mark J. Jackson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-03 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the interaction between nano tools and nano materials. It explains the use of appropriate tools in surgery for a variety of applications and provides a complete description of clinical procedures accompanied by photographs. Coverage also presents the latest developments in surface coatings technology such as chemical vapor deposition for use on complex cutting tools for biomedical applications.

Download or read book Origins of Variability in Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion of Ti6Al4V written by Sean S. Ghods and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes for metals are advancing at a rapid pace. Among manyattractive qualities, AM relaxes design constraints, enables customization and can significantly reduce material waste in comparison to subtractive manufacturing processes. However, there are some fundamental issues that must be addressed for metal AM to become prevalent in aerospace. Most critical is the reliability of the mechanical properties of the metal and an identification of contributions (i.e., the root causes) to the mechanical variability. In powder bed fusion (PBF) AM, powder reuse from previous build cycles is desired to improve process economics. However, there is limited understanding of the contributions from feedstock reuse to particle-powder-properties and part quality. The first half of this dissertation investigates this topic in electron beam melting (EBM) powder fusion AM of a titanium alloy(Ti6Al4V) over 30 cycles of build and powder reuse. Results show that nearly all aspects of the process are influenced by powder reuse. Specifically, the particle size distribution tightens with reuse, but particle damage increases, which includes surface deformation (reduction in sphericity), partial melting and/or particle fusion and fracture. While no changes in the concentration of Al, V, Fe, H and N occur, there is a significant increase in Oxygen with reuse, which exceeded the concentration limit (0.20%) in just 11 build cycles. Results showed that the strength of the metal increased with powder reuse, whereas the ductility decreased significantly, both relevant to the damage tolerance of the metal. Powder reuse covers inter-build variability but not address the intra-build variability. Establishing an understanding of the mechanical response variation within a build is also necessary for quality control in metal AM. A design of experiments approach was adopted to determine the relative effects of part location, geometry, and proximity on quasi-static and cyclic properties of the metal. Significant effects were found from the radial distance from the center of the build plate and from the thickness of the parts to the ductility and fatigue life. The highest ductility and fatigue life can be obtained from part placement near the center of the build plate and with increasing thickness. This knowledge makes a fundamental contribution and supports successful application of EBM additive manufacturing for stress-critical components in aerospace and beyond. Nevertheless, more expansive efforts are necessary to further mature the technology, such that it can be integrated into aerospace manufacturing as a reliable production process.

Download or read book An Overview of Densification Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Additively Manufactured Ti 6Al 4V Comparison Among Selective Laser Melting Electron Beam Melting Laser Metal Deposition and Selective Laser Sintering and with Conventional Powder written by Ming Yan and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Overview of Densification, Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V - Comparison among Selective Laser Melting, Electron Beam Melting, Laser Metal Deposition and Selective Laser Sintering, and with Conventional Powder.

Download or read book Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti 6Al 4V Manufactured by Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion written by Karthikeyan Thalavai Pandian and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Additive Manufacturing Second Edition written by Amit Bandyopadhyay and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-10-16 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of additive manufacturing is growing dynamically as the interest is persisting from manufacturing sector, including other sectors as well. Conceptually, additive manufacturing is a way to build parts without using any part-specific tooling or dies from the computer-aided design (CAD) file of the part. Second edition of Additive Manufacturing highlights the latest advancements in the field, taking an application oriented approach. It includes new material on traditional polymer based rapid prototyping technologies, additive manufacturing of metals and alloys including related design issues. Each chapter comes with suggested reading, questions for instructors and PowerPoint slides.

Download or read book Titanium Alloys at Elevated Temperature written by Mike R. Winstone and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the fourth in a series of international conferences on the Microstructure of High Temperature Materials and the first to exclusively focus on the microstructure and properties of titanium alloys. Papers demonstrating the exploitation of these alloys in a wide range of commercial high temperature applications from the automotive to the aerospace industries were presented.

Download or read book Selected Mechanical Properties and Anelastic Phenomena in Ti6Al4V Alloy Additively Manufactured by Electron Beam Melting written by Yaron Ganor and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of additive manufacturing (AM) is becoming widespread in the industry. Metal AM parts are being designed and used in many service conditions. Ti6Al4V is a common material for biomedical and aerospace uses. AM Ti6Al4V can be used in many engineering scenarios, but its material properties must be thoroughly explored. The study is composed of two chapters; tailoring of microstructure and mechanical properties through post processing, and anelastic phenomena. Ti6Al4V specimens were 3D printed and tested for mechanical properties, in-situ neutron diffraction, cyclic loading and relaxation tests. -- From abstract.

Download or read book Effects of the Microstructure and Porosity on Properties of Ti 6Al 4V ELI Alloy Fabricated by Electron Beam Melting EBM written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electron Beam Melting (EBM) is a metal powder bed-based Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology that makes possible the fabrication of three dimensional near-net-shaped parts directly from computer models. EBM technology has been in continuously updating, obtaining optimized properties of the processed alloys. Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy is the most widely used and studied alloy for this technology and is the focus of this work. Several research works have been completed to study the mechanisms of microstructure formation as well as its influence on mechanical properties. However, the relationship is not completely understood, and more systematic research work is necessary in order to attain a better understanding of these features. In this work, samples fabricated at different locations, orientations, and distances from the build platform have been characterized, studying the relationship of these variables with the resulting material intrinsic characteristics and properties (surface topography, microstructure, porosity, micro-hardness and static mechanical properties). This study has revealed that porosity is the main factor controlling mechanical properties relative to the other studied variables. Therefore, in future process developments, decreasing of the porosity should be considered as the primary goal in order to improve mechanical properties.

Download or read book Metal Additive Manufacturing written by Dyuti Sarker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-10-26 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: METAL ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING A comprehensive review of additive manufacturing processes for metallic structures Additive Manufacturing (AM)—also commonly referred to as 3D printing—builds three-dimensional objects by adding materials layer by layer. Recent years have seen unprecedented investment in additive manufacturing research and development by governments and corporations worldwide. This technology has the potential to replace many conventional manufacturing processes, enable the development of new industry practices, and transform the entire manufacturing enterprise. Metal Additive Manufacturing provides an up-to-date review of all essential physics of metal additive manufacturing techniques with emphasis on both laser-based and non-laser-based additive manufacturing processes. This comprehensive volume covers fundamental processes and equipment, governing physics and modelling, design and topology optimization, and more. The text adresses introductory, intermediate, and advanced topics ranging from basic additive manufacturing process classification to practical and material design aspects of additive manufacturability. Written by a panel of expert authors in the field, this authoritative resource: Provides a thorough analysis of AM processes and their theoretical foundations Explains the classification, advantages, and applications of AM processes Describes the equipment required for different AM processes for metallic structures, including laser technologies, positioning devices, feeder and spreader mechanisms, and CAD software Discusses the opportunities, challenges, and current and emerging trends within the field Covers practical considerations, including design for AM, safety, quality assurance, automation, and real-time control of AM processes Includes illustrative cases studies and numerous figures and tables Featuring material drawn from the lead author’s research and professional experience on laser additive manufacturing, Metal Additive Manufacturing is an important source for manufacturing professionals, research and development engineers in the additive industry, and students and researchers involved in mechanical, mechatronics, automatic control, and materials engineering and science.