Download or read book EFFECTS OF DIETARY TRANS 10 CI written by Hon-Hon So and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-28 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Effects of Dietary TRANS-10, CIS-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Food Intake and Body Weight Regulation via Central and Peripheral Mechanisms" by Hon-hon, So, 蘇漢匡, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. DOI: 10.5353/th_b4175816 Subjects: Hippocampus (Brain) Linolenic acids Appetite Body weight Mice - Physiology

Download or read book Effects of Dietary TRANS 10 CIS 12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Food Intake and Body Weight Regulation Via Central and Peripheral Mechanisms written by Hon-hon So and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Anti obesity Mechanisms of Conjugated Linoleic Acid CLA written by Wan Shen and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Overweight and obesity are the most widespread nutritional diseases in the U.S., which greatly increase chronic disease risks and mortality. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a relatively efficacious and safe strategy for the weight management. Consumption of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplements or one of its isomers, trans-10, cis-12 (10,12) CLA, has consistently demonstrated reductions in body weight or body fat in human and animal studies. Our lab has demonstrated that 10,12 CLA triggered calcium release from endoplasmic reticulum in human primary adipocytes, which activated downstream inflammatory signaling, resulting in impaired uptake of glucose and fatty acid, and delipidation. However, the upstream signals responsible for these actions are unknown. Therefore, my Aim 1 investigated the upstream mechanism by which 10,12 CLA increases intracellular calcium and inflammatory signaling in human primary adipocytes. The results indicated that phospholipase C plays an important role in 10,12 CLA-mediated activation of intracellular calcium accumulation, inflammatory signaling, delipidation, and insulin resistance in human primary adipocytes. It has been demonstrated that 10,12 CLA increased mRNA levels and protein levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and pro-inflammatory prostaglandins, which have been linked to increased energy expenditure associated with white adipose tissue (WAT) browning and uncoupling of ATP synthesis. It also has been shown that relatively high doses of 10,12 CLA lead to more significant reductions in body fat, but cause a greater level of inflammation, insulin resistance, and steatosis in animals. Therefore, Aims 2 and Aim 3 determined the extent to which a relative low dose of 10,12 CLA or a CLA isomer mixture increases markers of browning in mice and its dependence in inflammatory signaling. In Aim 2, a low threshold dose of 10,12 CLA was found that prevented body fat accumulation with minimum metabolic side-effects in non-obese mice. It was also found that 10,12 CLA-induced browning in WAT was accompanied by increases in mRNA levels of COX-2 and other markers of inflammation. In Aim 3, a relatively low dose of 10,12 CLA reduced body fat and increased browning of WAT in overweight mice, which were independent of inflammatory signaling. Collectively, these findings provide critical insights for the development of reliable dietary strategies for people who take CLA as method to lose weight. However, we still do not know (i) if 10,12 CLA supplementation would effectively reduce body fat in overweight mice when they are continuously fed an American-type, high-fat diet; (ii) potential risks of impaired regulation of body temperature, inflammation, and steatosis due to 10,12 CLA consumption in high fat-fed mice; and (iii) potential mechanisms by which 10,12 CLA reduces body fat in high fat-fed mice."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.

Download or read book Fat Detection written by Jean-Pierre Montmayeur and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-09-14 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the State-of-the-Art in Fat Taste TransductionA bite of cheese, a few potato chips, a delectable piece of bacon - a small taste of high-fat foods often draws you back for more. But why are fatty foods so appealing? Why do we crave them? Fat Detection: Taste, Texture, and Post Ingestive Effects covers the many factors responsible for the se

Download or read book Role of Trans 10 Cis 12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid CLA and Other CLA Isomers in the Regulation of Milk Fat Synthesis and Lipid Metabolism written by James W. Perfield and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Regulation of Adiposity by Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid written by Xiaofang Xu and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Trans 10 CIS 12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid T10 C12 CLA is the Isomer Responsible for the Beneficial Effect of Dietary CLA in the Kidneys of Obese Insulin resistant Rats written by Dielle Janet Herchak and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research written by Martin P. Yurawecz and published by The American Oil Chemists Society. This book was released on 1999 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has increased substantially in recent years. As one would expect with any evolving scientific area, research to date has provided more questions than answers. This book provides an up-to-date report of work that is still in progress. The editors document the state of knowledge about CLA as the twentieth century draws to a close.

Download or read book Functional Genomic Characterization of the Anti Adipogenic Effects of Trans 10 Cis 12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid t10c12 CLA in a Polygenic Obese Line of Mice written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyzed gene expression during t10c12-CLA-induced body fat reduction in a polygenic obese line of mice. Adult mice (N=185) were allotted to a 2x2 factorial experiment consisting of a non-obese (ICR-control) and an obese (M16-selected) line of mice fed a 7% fat, purified diet containing either 1% linoleic acid (LA) or 1% t10c12-CLA. Body weight (BW) gain by day 14 was 12% lower in CLA compared to LA fed mice (P0.0001). By day 14, t10c12-CLA reduced weights of epididymal, mesenteric and brown adipose tissues as a percentage of BW in both lines by 30, 27 and 58%, respectively, and increased liver weight/BW by 34% (P

Download or read book Anti adipogenic Mechanism of Conjugated Linoleic Acid written by Kihwa Kang and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effect of Trans 10 Cis 12 conjugated Linoleic Acid on Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator activated Receptor B and Metabolic Outcomes in 3T3 L1 Adipocytes written by Celeste Gauthreaux Koster and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Chronic treatment with the dietary fatty acid, trans-10, cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid (t10c12-CLA) reduces body fat in growing mice and inhibits adipogenesis in several adipocyte cell models. Here, we show that t10c12-CLA (100uM) and arachidonic acid (100uM) preferentially activate PPARB in both the PPARB/PPRE-TK-Luc reporter system and PPARB-GAL4/UAS-TK-Lucreporter system significantly (P

Download or read book Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Human Health written by Eileen F. Murphy and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and its individual isomers, have been suggested to possess numerous health effects. Some of these effects appear to be isomer-specific and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The application of transcriptomic approaches offers the potential to gain valuable insights into the mechanisms of action of CLA. The present work describes a number of studies using transcriptomic approaches, in which clear isomer-specific effects of CLA on intestinal Ca transport, carcinogensis and lipid metabolism were observed. In relation to the observed enhancement of Ca absorption, trans-10, cis-12 CLA increased paracellular Ca transport, which was associated with changes in the expression of genes encoding components of the tight-junction. In contrast, the trans-10, sis-12 CLA-mediated increase in transcellular Ca transport did not appear to relate to consistent changes in expression of the key genes encoding mediators of this route. Furthermore, trans-10, cis-12 CLA did not augment the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3-mediated transcellular transport, suggesting that its effect on this route of Ca transport are mediated through alternative mechanisms. Beyond its effect on Ca transport, the isomer-specific effects of CLA on global gene expression profiles in Caco-2 cells were investigated. In the first such study, to our knowledge, genome-wide analysis showed that trans-10, cis-12 CLA altered the expression of 918 genes in Caco-2 cells, whereas cis-9, trans-11 CLA had no effect on gene expression. While a number of expression patterns in relation to the chemopreventative mechanisms of trans-10, cis-12 CLA in colon cancer were highlighted, potential adverse effects related to intestinal HDL biogenesis and glucose metabolism were evident in the Caco-2 cells. Thus, the use of transcriptomics provides valuable insights into the possible mechanisms of action of CLA in gut cell function and health. An investigation of the effects of CLA supplementation on global gene expression at the shole-body level, using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy adult males, showed altered expression of genes involved in glycogen and haem metabolism and prostaglandin synthesis. However, additional studies are required to further the understanding of the ability of changes in gene expression of PBMC to relate to whole-body effects associated with CLA. While these approaches increase our mechanistic understanding of the role of CLA in health, further research is required to determine the efficacy and safety of CLA in human health and its potential as a functional food ingredient.

Download or read book Conjugated Linoleic Acids Lipid Accumulation written by Linda Granlund and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mechanisms by which Conjugated Linoleic Acid Causes Human Adipocyte Delipidation written by Soonkyu Chung and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Obesity is an important health issue, having risen to epidemic proportions in the U.S. Use of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid, has received recent attention due to its potential health benefits including the reduction of fat mass in animals. However, the effectiveness and safety of CLA consumption in humans remains unclear. Our group previously reported that trans-10, cis-12 CLA impaired the conversion of preadipocytes into lipid-filled adipocytes (e.g., differentiation) and caused adipocyte delipidation that involved inflammatory cytokines in a human cell model. However, the isomer-specific mechanism for these events was unknown. Thus, this research examined mechanisms by which trans-10, cis-12 CLA induced adipocyte delipidation, inflammation, and insulin resistance in primary cultures of human adipocytes. Delipidation of adipocytes by trans-10, cis-12 CLA was accompanied by increased lipolysis and changes in the morphology of lipid droplets and the expression and localization of proteins regulating lipid droplet metabolism. This process involved the translational control of adipose differentiated related protein (ADRP) through activation of mTOR/p70S6K/S6 signaling and transcriptional control of perilipin A. Prior to these morphological changes, it was shown that trans-10, cis-12 CLA promoted nuclear factor κB (NFκB) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and subsequent induction of interleukin (IL)-6 which were, at least in part, responsible for trans-10, cis-12 CLA-mediated suppression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR)γ target gene expression and insulin sensitivity in human adipocytes. The essential role of NFκB on CLA-induced inflammation was confirmed by using RNA interference. Further studies were conducted examining the localization and characterization of the inflammatory response, including the type of cells involved, using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as the inflammatory agent. It was demonstrated that LPS-induced, NFκB-dependent proinflammatory cytokine expression was predominantly from preadipocytes, which led to, at least in part, the suppression of PPAR activity and adipogenic gene expression and insulin sensitivity. Collectively, these data support the emerging concept that adipose tissue is a dynamic endocrine organ with the capacity to generate inflammatory signals that impact glucose and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, human preadipocytes have the capacity to generate these inflammatory signals induced by trans-10, cis-12 CLA and LPS, subsequently causing insulin resistance in neighboring adipocytes. These studies also revealed that NFκB- and MAPK-signaling mediate inflammation and insulin resistance induced by CLA and LPS. Thus, although the trans-10, cis-12 isomer of CLA may decrease the size and lipid content of human adipocytes, it may also cause insulin resistance, which is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.

Download or read book Acute Phase Proteins as Early Non Specific Biomarkers of Human and Veterinary Diseases written by Francisco Veas and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-10-10 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two volumes of Acute Phase Proteins book consist of chapters that give a large panel of fundamental and applied knowledge on one of the major elements of the inflammatory process during the acute phase response, i.e., the acute phase proteins expression and functions that regulate homeostasis. We have organized this book in two volumes - the first volume, mainly containing chapters on structure, biology and functions of APP, the second volume discussing different uses of APP as diagnostic tools in human and veterinary medicine.

Download or read book The Effects of Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Avian Lipid Metalbolism written by Rahim Aydin and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effect of Omega 3 Fatty Acids on T10 C12 conjugated Linoleic Acid Induced Insulin Resistance Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Tissue Fatty Acid Composition written by Madhuri Vemuri and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) refers to all the positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid. The two most studied isomers are cis9, trans11-CLA and trans10, cis12-CLA. CLA supplements, often a mixture of the two isomers, have been popularly used for weight loss and other claimed health benefits. However supplementing CLA isomers, especially trans10, cis12-CLA has been shown to cause non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance (IR) in several animal models. Here we have confirmed that supplementing 0.5% trans10, cis12-CLA to C57BL/6 mice for 8 weeks causes NAFLD and IR. When CLA diets were concomitantly supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) at 1.5% (w/w) for 8 weeks, DHA prevented CLA induced IR, while EPA was ineffective. Both EPA and DHA prevented CLA induced fatty liver. CLA also reduced the plasma leptin and adiponectin concentrations, and both EPA and DHA partially restored plasma leptin, but only DHA partially restored the plasma adiponectin. In another experiment, concomitant supplementation of CLA diets with 0.5% of flaxseed oil (rich in alpha linolenic acid) also prevented IR and decreased liver weights and lipids compared with those in CLA group. CLA supplementation also altered lipid profile in liver, decreasing n-6 and n-3 wt% and increasing n-6:n-3 ratio. Concomitant supplementation with flaxseed oil increased n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated (PUFA) in liver lipids and decreased the n-6:n-3 ratio compared to that in CLA group. Supplementing 0.5% (w/w) of purified c9, t11- or trans10, cis12-CLA to mice for 8 weeks altered fatty acid profile of tissues differently. c9, t11-CLA diet reduced MUFA wt% in liver, adipose tissue, and spleen, and reduced the spleen n-3 PUFAs significantly while increasing the n-6 PUFA wt% in all tissues except heart. In contrast, trans10, cis12-CLA reduced both the n-6 and n-3 PUFA wt% in liver and heart however increased the wt% of n-3 PUFAs in spleen. Considering the adverse health effects of trans10, cis12-CLA and of mixtures of CLA isomers on NAFLD, IR and tissue fatty acids, human use of CLA supplements should not be recommended.