Download or read book Effects of Agitation in Emulsion Polymerization written by Jinmo Hong and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2008 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In emulsion polymerization, agitation plays a significant role in the nucleation of polymer particles, the subsequent growth of these polymer particles, as well as coagulum formation. The emulsion copolymerization of n -butyl methacrylate (BMA) and N-methylolacrylamide (NMA) was investigated in a 2 L reactor via a two step process in which a seed of poly(n-butyl methacrylate) was initially formed (5% solids) and then BMA and NMA were fed semicontinuously to produce a 41% solids latex. Polymerization was carried out with sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) as surfactant and potassium persulfate (KPS) as initiator using different types and diameters of impellers at various rotational speeds, resulting in different mixing and shear effects in the fluid. Particle diameters were characterized by DLS and CHDF. The evolution of the amount of coagulum in the bulk (latex) and on the wall surfaces (impeller/shaft/baffles) was studied via power input under different agitation conditions. Also, the effect of particle deposition on coagulum formation was studied with surface-modified impellers (Teflon/glass/stainless steel). It was found that coagulum formation increased with time, impeller speed, and impeller type (i.e., radial, radial/axial, and axial flow impellers). Most of the coagulum was formed on the impeller, shaft, and baffles. The evolution of the amount of coagulum in the latex increased non-linearly with increasing power, while the total amount of coagulum increased linearly with power. Different coagulum formation mechanisms were considered. One is coagulum formation in the bulk latex, which is caused by particle-particle interactions, while the other is coagulum formation on the wall surfaces which results from both particle-wall and particle-particle interactions on the particles comprising the coagulum. In the process of studying the evolution of coagulum formation during this reaction, scanning electron microscopy was applied to examine the coagulum found in the latex and on the surfaces of the reactor. Unexpectedly, large (micron size) hollow microspheres were found on the surfaces of the impeller and baffles during the seed stage. Subsequently, the mechanism of formation of these microspheres was investigated, not only in terms of their morphology, but also the molecular weight of the polymer formed. Coagulum recovered from the latex was found to have a molecular weight similar to the latex itself; however, coagulum formed on the reactor insert surfaces (i.e., impeller/shaft/baffles) had a significantly higher molecular weight. Three questions were addressed: (1) how were the hollow microspheres formed; (2) was the formation of microspheres unique to this system; and (3) can the hollow microspheres be intentionally fabricated. Detailed discussion of these questions is presented with the mechanism of formation of hollow microspheres.

Download or read book Effects of Agitation in Emulsion Polymerization of N Butyl Methacrylate and Its Copolymerization with N methylol Acrylamide written by Sitaraman Krishnan and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 854 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effects of agitation on the kinetics of emulsion polymerization of BMA were studied using reaction calorimetry. At a reaction temperature of 70°C, the molecular weight was higher at higher agitation speed, while at 50°C, the converse was true. The order of dependence of the mass of coagulum on the agitation speed depended on the surfactant coverage of the polymer particles: the variation was almost two-fold (1.2 to 2.3). The coagulum mass was related to surfactant coverage using results from the DLVO theory. The volume-surface average diameter of the monomer droplets in the emulsion scaled to the 1.6 power of agitation speed, and the droplet size distribution was log-normal.

Download or read book Effect of Agitation Emulsifiers and Temperature on the Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene written by M. Lu and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effect of Mechanical Agitation on the Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene Catalyzed by Potassium Persulfate written by S. R. Shunmukham and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Study of Agitation in Emulsion Polymerization written by David B. Gershberg and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Research and Development Studies Into the Basic Technology of Radiation Induced Emulsion Polymerization Including Small Scale Pilot Plant Systems written by V. T. Stannett and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Investigation Into the Effect of Agitation on Polymer Properties in Emulsion Polymerisation written by Brian Graham Clarkson and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Vinyl Acetate Emulsion Polymerization and Copolymerization with Acrylic Monomers written by Yildirim H. Erbil and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-03-22 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The versatility of the emulsion copolymerization reaction and the ability to control the properties of the final latices have led to rapid expansion both in the quantity of polyvinylacetate and vinyl acetate-acrylic copolymer latices and in their applications. Vinyl Acetate Emulsion Polymerization and Copolymerization with Acrylic Monomers provides

Download or read book Emulsion Polymerisation and Latex Applications written by Christopher D. Anderson and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2003 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The term latex covers emulsion polymers, polymer dispersions and polymer colloids. This review report provides a general overview of the emulsion polymerisation processes and explains how the resulting latices are used in industrial applications. The classes of emulsion polymers are surveyed and the commercial technologies and potential future uses discussed. An additional indexed section containing several hundred abstracts from the Polymer Library gives useful references for further reading.

Download or read book Emulsification and Polymerization of Alkyd Resins written by Jan W. Gooch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-11 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emulsification of vegetable oil-based resins was a daunting task when the author began his research, but the subsequent technology spawned a generation of stable emulsions for waterborne coatings based on vegetable oil-based alkyd resins, oils and fatty acids. Autoxidative polymerization of emulsified alkyd resins is an innovative and original contribution to emulsion technology, because conventional emulsion-polymerization is not applicable to alkyd resins. Emulsified alkyd particles are polymerized while dispersed in stable aqueous media—an original and patented innovation. Smooth and fa- drying alkyd coatings are generated from non-polymerized emulsions and air-dried with conventional metal driers, and have met with marketing success. The pre-polymerization innovation for emulsified alkyd particles provides very fast air-drying coatings that have potential markets for interior architectural latex coatings and waterborne pressure-sensitive adhesives and inks. The author demonstrates his knowledge of chemical reaction kinetics by employing a combination of oxygen concentration, internal reactor pressure and other reactor variables to finely control the rate and degree of autoxidative polymerization. He meticulously calculates surfactant chemistry by measuring hydrophile-lipophile balance values, and solubility parameters to emulsify characterized resins. The relationship between hydrophi- lipophile values and solubility parameters is shown in explicit equations. Homogenization equipment used during the course of this research to generate emulsions is shown in detailed drawings together with concise particle size and distribution data. The author reports research spawned internationally by his research in the fields of alkyd-acrylic hybrids, polyester and oil-modified urethane resins.

Download or read book Emulsion Polymerization and Its Applications in Industry written by V. I. Eliseeva and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a large body of Soviet work on emulsion polymerization, spanning a period of over three decades, that has been published primarily in the Russian language. Most of this has remained untranslated into English and hence un available to most other scientists. The value of this book lies primarily in the fact that it brings together the most important of these Soviet contributions, along with comment and analysis by the authors, who may be considered among the foremost authorities in this field in the Soviet Union. But the hundreds of literature citations go far beyond the borders of the Soviet Union and serve as an excellent bibliography of the world literature on emulsion polymerization up to the time this book was written. The book covers both fundamental and applied aspects. In the former are included discussions of particle formation mechanisms, a comprehensive theory of emulsion polymerization, copolymerization of polar monomers, and particle morphology and its implications with regard to derived film properties. Among the applied aspects are discussions of continuous emulsion polymerization, both tubular reactors and continuous stirred tank cascades, and various aspects con cerning the manufacture of some of the most important monomers, such as styrene, butadiene, vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, and chloroprene. This book will be an indispensable reference source for scientists who are entering the field as well as those who are experienced and who have wanted a ready access to this large body of literature.

Download or read book Emulsion Polymerization and Emulsion Polymers written by Peter A. Lovell and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1997-04-03 with total page 858 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emulsion Polymerization and Emulsion Polymers Edited by Peter A. Lovell Manchester Materials Science Centre, UMIST, Manchester, UK and Mohamed S. El-Aasser Emulsion Polymers Institute and Department of Chemical Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA Emulsion polymerization is a technologically and commercially important reaction used to produce synthetic polymers and latexes for a wide range of applications. It is the basis of a massive global industry that is expanding due to the versatility of the reaction and the greater realization of the ability to control properties of the polymer latexes produced. Emulsion Polymerization and Emulsion Polymers provides an up-to-date treatment of both academic and industrial aspects of the subject in a single self-contained volume. Established knowledge is integrated with latest developments and introductory chapters to give a state-of-the-art summary which is also suitable as a broad based introduction to the field. The individual chapters have been written by specialists from academia and industry and are presented in a way which ensures that the book will be of equal value to experienced researchers and students.

Download or read book Polymer Particles written by Masayoshi Okubo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-02-10 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this special volume on polymer particles, recent trends and developments in the synthesis of nano- to micron-sized polymer particles by radical polymerization (Emulsion, Miniemulsion, Microemulsion, and Dispersion Polymerizations) of vinyl monomers in environmentally friendly heterogeneous aqueous and supercritical carbon dioxide fluid media are reviewed by prominent worldwide researchers. In addition to the important challenges and possibilities with regards to design and preparation of functionalized polymer particles of controlled size, the topics described are of great current interest due to the increased awareness of environmental issues.

Download or read book Emulsion Polymerization written by D.C. Blackley and published by Springer. This book was released on 1975-10-31 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Emulsion Polymerization written by Irja Piirma and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Principles and Applications of Emulsion Polymerization written by Chorng-Shyan Chern and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-10-06 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Up-to-date coverage of methods of emulsion polymerization This book provides a comprehensive reference on emulsion polymerization methods,focusing on the fundamental mechanisms and kinetics of each process, as well as howthey can be applied to the manufacture of environmentally friendly polymeric materials. Topics covered include: Conventional emulsion polymerization Miniemulsion polymerization Microemulsion polymerization Industrial emulsion polymerization processes (primarily the semibatch and continuous reactions systems) The role of various colloidal phenomena in emulsion polymerization Important end-use properties of emulsion polymer (latex) products Information on industrial applications in paints, coatings, adhesives, paper and board, and more This is a hands-on reference for graduate students and professionals in polymerchemistry, chemical engineering, and materials science who are involved in researchon coatings, adhesives, rubber, latex, paints, finishes, and other materials that can becreated using various methods of emulsion polymerization.

Download or read book Emulsification and Polymerization of Alkyd Resins written by Jan W. Gooch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-02-28 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This original research, published here for the first time in book format, describes in detail an entirely new process for preparing emulsions and alkyd resin emulsions, leading to many applications, foremost among them the formulation of new paints. This research has also spawned the international field of alkyd and alkyd-hybrid miniemulsions. Pioneering technology is presented for the emulsification of alkyd resins and vegetable oils used in coatings, adhesives, and inks applications. Essential technical information is provided for researchers and manufacturers involved in the emulsification of resins, oils, and pigments. Emulsification and Polymerization in Alkyd Resins is an indispensable reference book for every type of coatings and resins manufacturer or research group.