Download or read book Effects of Acidity on Water Quality and Brook Trout Parasites in Mountain Streams in South Central Pennsylvania written by Brandi N. Griffith and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effects of Acidic Deposition on Aquatic Ecosystems in Pennsylvania written by William E. Sharpe and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Acidic Precipitation on the Water Quality of Streams in the Laurel Hill Area Somerset County Pennsylvania 1983 86 written by James L. Barker and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Environmental Impacts from Stream Acidification on Brook Trout Populations in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park written by Keil Jason Neff and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research supports development of aquatic resource management strategies to address acid deposition in the Great Smoky Mountain National Park (GRSM) by 1) developing relationships between baseflow and stormflow chemical constituents and examining effects of elevation, area, geology, soil, and vegetation on stream chemistry; 2) evaluating physiological condition in brook trout in relation to changes in stream chemistry during stream acidification episodes, and 3) evaluating brook trout metrics with respect to stream chemistry, basin characteristics, and ecologically relevant hydrologic parameters. (1) Stream chemistry was monitored in eight GRSM streams considering basin area, site elevation, Anakeesta geology, soil, and vegetation. Following precipitation events, pH was significantly reduced and aluminum concentrations increased, while the concentration response of ANC, nitrate, sulfate, and base cations varied. Higher pH and ANC concentrations were observed in large and low-elevation streams. (2) Caged brook trout were exposed to two acid episodes during in situ bioassays conducted in three GRSM streams. Stream pH decreased (>0.7 pH units) and total dissolved aluminum increased (>0.175 mg/L) at all three sites during acid episodes. Whole-body sodium concentrations were significantly reduced (10-20%) when preceding 24-h time weighted average pH values (4.88, 5.09, 4.87) and corresponding 24-h aluminum concentrations (210, 202, 202 [mu]g/L). Lower whole-body sodium concentrations were correlated with elevated proton and aluminum concentrations indicating physiological distress. (3) Water chemistry, hydrology and physical basin factors influenced brook trout distributions and densities in 16 collocated fish and water quality sampling sites (1990-2009). Higher concentrations of ANC, pH, sodium, and soil cation exchange capacity, and higher fall flows were associated with the presence of brook trout. Trout densities were higher in streams with higher concentrations of sodium, suggesting that sodium may ameliorate the effects of acid toxicity. These relationships provide useful information where GRSM managers can prioritize conservation and restoration efforts.

Download or read book PH Preference and Avoidance of Adult Brook Trout and Brown Trout written by Brooks Fost and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A recent analysis of Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission historical data collected fromstreams throughout Pennsylvania containing trout concluded that base-flow pH is stronglycorrelated to the observed segregation of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and Brown Trout(Salmo trutta). Populations of Brook Trout, which are native to Pennsylvania, predominated atpH7.0 (mostly headwaters), while Brown Trout, an introduced species that has becomenaturalized in much of Pennsylvania, predominated at pH7.0 (lower reaches). The decline ofhistoric Brook Trout populations has been linked in part to competition with Brown Trout (Hudy2005). The relationship between the segregation pattern observed and pH is significant becauselow pH may be acting as a barrier that prevents further invasion of Brown Trout into theheadwaters, where Brook Trout populations remain strong.The overall goal of this study was to examine the influence of pH and species interactions on thedistribution of Brook Trout and Brown Trout in Pennsylvania streams. The first study examinedshifts in Brook Trout and Brown Trout pH preference/avoidance after exposure to different pHconditions. Adaptation to pH is important because the results of behavioral studies may differdepending on pH exposure history. Adaptation to pH is particularly important for Brook Troutand Brown Trout because these species are often segregated in streams with a pH gradient,suggesting that behavioral responses to pH differ between the two species. In order to study howthe behavioral response differed between the two species, it was necessary to determine if pHexposure history altered behavioral response. Thus, hatchery-reared Brook Trout and BrownTrout were exposed to different holding pH treatments for seven days prior to determining theirbehavioral response to pH. Preference was determined in a long trough where a gradient of pH(4.0-7.0) was presented to fish. Steep gradient choice tanks were used to determine avoidance.ivI found that hatchery-reared Brook Trout and Brown Trout pH preference was not influenced byholding pH. Results of pH avoidance trials were similar to that of preference studies, in thatholding pH did not alter pH avoidance of either species. This study suggested that individuals ofthese species can be held in the laboratory at a pH different from the source waterbody for ashort period of time without altering preference or avoidance behavior. Thus, the pH of thelaboratory source water was not adjusted for the purposes of examining preference andavoidance behavior of wild fish.The second study investigated the pH preference and avoidance of wild, adult Brook Trout andBrown Trout using the same methodology applied in the first study. The behavioral response ofBrook Trout and Brown Trout to low pH is one of factor that may lead to the observedsegregation pattern of the two species in Pennsylvania streams. The observed segregationpattern and behavioral responses to episodic events suggest that differences in the pH preferredor avoided may exist. Although pH preference and avoidance of juveniles have been established,the preference and avoidance of adults have not been examined.Wild, adult Brown Trout showed a preference for pH 4.0 while wild, adult Brook Trout did notprefer any pH within the range tested (pH 4.0 7.0). Adult Brown Trout displayed a lack ofavoidance at pH below 5.0, which is similar to that reported for juvenile Brown Trout. Theavoidance pH of wild, adult Brook Trout (between pH 5.5 and 6.0) and Brown Trout (betweenpH 6.5 and 7.0) did not differ appreciably from earlier study results for the avoidance pH ofjuvenile Brook Trout and Brown Trout. A comparison of confidence intervals around theseavoidance estimates indicates avoidance pH is similar among adult Brook Trout and BrownTrout in this study. However, the limited overlap of confidence intervals for avoidance pHvalues for the two species suggests that some Brown Trout will display avoidance at a higher pHvwhen Brook Trout will not. The results of this laboratory study indicate that adult Brook Trout Brown Trout segregation patterns in Pennsylvania streams could be related to pH and thatcompetition with Brown Trout could be mediating the occurrence of Brook Trout at some pHlevels. The preference and avoidance pH results from this study were used to design fieldexperiments involving species interactions and pH.The final study examined the effects of acidification and species interactions on the distributionof Brook Trout and Brown Trout. Although pH appeared to be correlated with the observeddistribution patterns of Brook Trout and Brown Trout in Pennsylvania streams, our laboratorystudies examining the avoidance pH of wild, adult Brook Trout and Brown Trout did notconclusively find that avoidance pH differs between these species. The lack of conclusivedifference in the pH avoidance threshold did not rule out pH as a mediating factor. Interactionsbetween Brook Trout and Brown Trout could lead to habitat partitioning in a stream. BrownTrout are considered superior competitors, but a physiological advantage may allow Brook Troutto dominate Brown Trout in headwaters, particularly if pH is lower. Thus, the behavior of wild,adult Brook Trout and Brown Trout (alone and in combination) was observed in study reachesthat were manipulated to vary the level of acidity and CO2.In the artificial stream channel, the majority of indwelling fish (fish that spent greater than 0seconds on the treatment side during the control observation period) responded to acidificationby moving to more neutral conditions (62% of Brook Trout and 68% of Brown Trout).Indwelling Brook Trout spent less time in acidic conditions during the acid treatment (41 5%)than during the control period (94 2%). However, elevated levels of CO2 may have causedtheir avoidance at a higher pH. Indwelling Brown Trout spent less time in the acid conditionsduring the acid treatment (44 4%) than during a control period (98 1%). The proportion ofvitime spent in the acid water by indwelling trout decreased as negative interactions with other fish(such as chasing) increased. Presence of the opposite species did not influence the proportion oftime spent in the acidic conditions. The results of this study do not support the hypothesis thatacidification mediates the segregation of Brook Trout and Brown Trout in Pennsylvania streams.Confounding factors, relating to changes in CO2 associated with the acid manipulation, andissues relating to stocking density need further investigation to identify what role these may haveplayed.

Download or read book Effects of Acidic Precipitation on the Water Quality of Streams in the Laurel Hill Area Somerset County Pennsylvania 1983 86 written by James L. Barker and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Toxaphene Effects on Reproduction Growth and Mortality of Brook Trout written by Foster L. Mayer and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Acute Toxicity of Zinc to Rainbow and Brook Trout written by Gary W. Holcombe and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Aroclor 1254 on Brook Trout Salvelinus Fontinalis written by Virginia M. Snarski and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Stream Acidity on Metal Levels in the Axial Muscle of Brook Trout Salvelinus Fontinalis written by Donna M. Randall and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Physiological Stress in Native Brook Trout Salvelinus Fontinalis During Episodic Acidification of Streams in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Episodes of stream acidification are suspected to be the primary cause of the extirpation of native southern brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) from six headwater streams in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM). During periods of increased flow from storm events, stream pH can drop below 5.0 (minimum of 4.0) for 2-days or longer. To provide evidence that native brook trout are impacted by stream acidification, in situ bioassay experiments were conducted. Changes in stream water chemistry and brook trout physiology were determined during a 36-hour acidic episode at three remote headwater stream sites in the Middle Prong of the Little Pigeon River watershed. Conductivity, pH, turbidity, stage height and temperature were monitored continuously; and water samples were collected for laboratory analyses (metals, cations, anions, ANC). Native brook trout were put in cages at the three sites and fish were sampled before and after the acid storm event. Physiological stress in brook trout was assessed by measuring whole-body sodium in individual fish sampled before and after the stormflow, and evaluating whole-body sodium loss as a response to acid conditions. The pH decreased at all three sites during the acidic episode. Stream pH dropped to approximately 5.0 at two sites and 4.66 at the third site. Prior to the storm, there was no difference in the whole-body sodium concentrations in trout between the three sites. Following the storm event, in trout from the site that experienced the lowest pH, whole-body sodium levels were reduced significantly relative to a) the pre-storm condition and b) trout from the other sites. Results demonstrate that stream acidification can negatively affect native southern brook trout physiology in the GRSM under actual field conditions. Trout lose the ability to regulate critical blood ions, as exemplified by a loss of whole-body sodium, when stream pH was less than 5.0 for 20 hours. Loss of sodium is an important indication of physiological stress in fish exposed to acid waters. This observation supports the hypothesis that episodic acidification of streams could be limiting native brook trout from occupying headwater streams in the GRSM.

Download or read book Toxicity of Diazinon to Brook Trout and Fathead Minnows written by Donald T. Allison and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Genetic and Environmental Factors Involved in Increased Resistance of Brook Trout to Sulfuric Acid Solutions and Mine Acid Polluted Waters written by Frederick Allen Swarts and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Spawning Behavior and Strain Tolerance of Brook Trout Salvelinus Fontinalis Mitchill in Acidified Water written by David William Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Low Environmental PH on Oxygen Consumption Blood PH and Sodium Balance of Brook Trout written by Randall Kent Packer and published by . This book was released on with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Acclimation of Brook Trout Salvelinus Fontinalis to Acidified Waters written by Charles Arthur Guthrie and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Decreases in Aluminum Toxicity and Mortality of Caged Brook Trout in Adirondack Mountain Streams written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The mortality responses of juvenile brook trout were characterized in six western Adirondack streams each spring during 2015-2017 to better define the effects of inorganic aluminum (Ali) concentration and duration of exposure on brook trout mortality and to determine if toxicity in stream waters of this region has declined."--Focus.