Download or read book Effects of a Raised Surface on Lower Extremity Kinematics Kinetics and Muscle Activation During a Sidecut in Recreational Female Softball Players written by Lauren Elizabeth Schroeder and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a common sports-related injury. "High-risk" dynamic movements, such as a sidecut, have been associated with increasing the risk of noncontact ACL injury. Certain biomechanical abnormalities, specifically at the hip and knee, and neuromuscular abnormalities, such as unbalanced quadriceps-to-hamstrings activation ratios and certain activation patterns prior to initial contact and after initial contact, have also been associated with an increased likelihood of noncontact ACL injuries occurring. Approximately 78% of all NCAA Division I softball game-day injuries are classified as noncontact where there is no direct contact to a player. Internal derangement of the knee accounted for 221 game day injuries, and 31% of these injuries were noncontact ACL injuries. The base runner was at the greatest risk of injury, with 28.8% of athletes base running at the time of injury. Additionally, 9% of base runners, or 187 athletes, were injured while contacting the base. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a raised surface on lower extremity kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activation patterns during a sidecut, simulating rounding first base. Participants completed two base conditions - with a base present (WB) and no base (NB) present with a controlled entrance and exit speed. Results indicated the only biomechanical difference between base conditions was greater peak knee adduction moments in the NB condition compared to the WB condition. These findings suggest that the body may be in a better position when a raised surface is present during a sidecut and decrease the risk of noncontact ACL injury. Therefore, examining movement patterns at the ankle may provide a better explanation for noncontact ACL injuries that occur during this time. Regarding muscle activation, there was significantly greater quadriceps activation post-contact compared to pre-contact. Significantly greater quadriceps activation creates a large anterior shear force on the ACL, increasing risk of injury.

Download or read book Anticipatory Effects on Lower Extremity Kinematics and Kinetics During Cutting Movements written by Ryan Ashley Mizell and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Height, accommodation to unplanned movements seems possible in the sagittal plane. Gender differences occurred at the hip as females used less hip abduction to perform the movements. Less hip abduction for females is closer to the "position of no return" seen in ACL injuries. Although our results confirmed published gender differences, this may have been due a combination of the difficulty of the tasks and the relatively low skill of the participants. Direction differences occurred as the crossover cut was performed with knee abduction and foot pronation while the opposite was true for the side cut. Furthermore, the crossover cut seemed to be performed by utilizing a preceding side cut. Therefore, the crossover cut seems to be a more dangerous movement. Although accommodation for unplanned movements may occur in the sagittal plane, unanticipated cutting movements are performed differently than anticipated cutting movements. Since anticipation can affect the performance of cutting movements, incorporation of unanticipated maneuvers should be included in training prevention programs. Also, increased development of methods for preventing anticipation is required to more closely simulate competition in the lab setting.

Download or read book The Effect of Gluteus Medius Muscle Activation on Lower Limb Three dimensional Kinematics and Kinetics in Male and Female Athletes During Three Drop Jump Heights written by Stephanie Christine Nowak and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women are four to eight times more likely to injure their anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) compared to men. It is most commonly injured through a non-contact mechanism during game time situations. During landings, women display valgus collapse, where a less active gluteus medius muscle (GMed) may be unable to control the internal rotation of the thigh, causing an increase in knee joint abduction angle, augmenting the risk of ACL injury. This study's purpose was to determine the difference between 12 male and 12 female athletes in muscle activity, specifically the GMed, and the 3D kinematics and kinetics of the lower-limb during drop jump landings from three heights; maximum vertical jump height, tibial length, and a commonly used height of 40cm. Results showed that females had greater hip adduction and knee abduction angles compared to men. The GMed activity showed no significant differences between sexes at each drop jump height.

Download or read book Strength and Conditioning for Team Sports written by Paul Gamble and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text introduces the core science underpinning strength and conditioning regimes and explores innovative new approaches combining the best of applied physiology, biomechanics, sports medicine and coaching science.

Download or read book Effects of Decision Making on Landing Neuromechanics as a Function of Task and Sex written by Melissa A. Mache and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the incidence of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries is greater among women than men athletes, the factors that contribute to this greater risk of injury are not well understood. One relevant question is whether decision making during landing influences the biomechanical and neuromuscular factors thought to contribute to ACL injury, and whether these effects differ as a function of task and sex. The purpose of this study was thus to examine the effects of decision making on the neuromechanics of two-footed landing tasks in women and men. Twenty-nine healthy young adults (13 women; 16 men) completed a series of two-footed drop landing and drop-jump tasks under preplanned and decision-making conditions. Biomechanical and electromyographic data were collected. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine the effect of decision making on hip, knee, and ankle kinematics and kinetics, and on proactive and reactive muscle activity, as a function of task and sex. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the relationship between select knee biomechanical variables and proactive muscle activity. Decision making had numerous effects on lower extremity kinematics, kinetics, and neuromuscular control, many of which were task-specific. Under decision-making conditions, individuals exhibited similar joint postures at initial ground contact and similar amounts of reactive muscle activity across tasks. The majority of the observed modifications in neuromechanics suggested a default towards the preplanned drop landing strategy under decision-making conditions. Some effects of decision making on joint mechanics and reactive muscle activity varied with sex, although the extent to which these dissimilar effects modified relative ACL loading is not known. Knee flexion at initial contact, peak knee abduction, and peak knee adduction moment were significantly related to the proactive activity of several, primarily lateral, muscles of the lower extremity, independent of task and decision-making condition. These results indicate that decision making influences landing mechanics and neuromuscular control and that these effects are generally task-dependent and, in some cases, sex-dependent. The results also suggest that, in both women and men, drop landings and drop-jumps performed under decision-making conditions are no more dangerous, with respect to ACL loading, than preplanned drop landings.

Download or read book Influence of Trunk Position on Quadriceps and Gluteal Activation in Runners written by Allison Frymier and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Context: The incidence of lower extremity injuries in runners stretches as high as 79.3%. Weakness or insufficient coordination of the quadriceps and gluteals can lead to overuse, strain, and compensatory movement patterns such as trunk flexion. The trunk accounts for roughly 50% of a person's mass, so changes in orientation can alter the mechanical demands that are places on the lower extremity. Additional trunk flexion is thought to increase the action of the hip extensors. There is a lack of evidence that isolates quadriceps and gluteal muscle activation during flexion-based running. Objective: To determine the effects of trunk flexion on quadriceps, gluteal, hamstring, and erector spinae (ES) EMG measures in a healthy running population. Design: Descriptive laboratory. Setting: Laboratory. Participants: 18 total participants (10 females, 8 male). Inclusion: recreational runner aged 18-39 who ran an average of 15 miles per week. Exclusion: current lower extremity or low back pathology or one that has caused pain within 6 months of the study. Intervention: The independent variable was the position of the trunk (preferred, flexed, and extended). All participants completed five successful running trials for each trunk position. Main Outcome Measures: EMG measures and 3D trunk and lower extremity kinematics and kinetics were analyzed across the stance phase of the running trials. Results: The activation of the quadriceps and hamstrings exhibited no significance across the conditions. The activation of the gluteals exhibited a significant difference between the flexed and extended position (45.06 ± 13.36% vs. 30.72 ± 12.47%). The activation of the ES exhibited a significant difference between the preferred and extended position (20.50 ± 10.66% vs. 34.78 ± 14.86%). There were no differences detected in knee or hip sagittal plane posture. Conclusion: Sagittal plane trunk positioning has an influence on the activation of the gluteals and ES during free running.

Download or read book Fundamentals of Sports Injury Management written by Marcia K. Anderson and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2003 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Completely revised Second Edition provides a foundation for the prevention, recognition, assessment, management, disposition, and rehabilitation of sports-related injuries and illnesses as it integrates basic medical concepts with relevant scientific information. This book speaks to students in coaching, exercise science, recreation and teacher education, for learning what to do as the first on-site respondent to a sports-related injury. Guidelines are provided to help identify common conditions initially cared-for on-site, and when to know to refer an individual to advanced care. The text contains major revisions and includes illustrations and additional tables. Connection Website: connection.LWW.com/go/andfund.

Download or read book Clinical Kinesiology and Anatomy written by Lynn Lippert and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kinesiology in Action Pre- and post-lesson tests Practice activities for every lesson Text and audio generation exercises Critical-thinking video exercises Gradebook to track your progress Discussion forum Video library (more than 70 videos showing normal and abnormal movement and palpation), animations, and flashcards Clinical Kinesiology and Anatomy Introductory chapters that present an essential foundation in body systems, terminology, and biomechanical principles Easy to understand explanations of axes of planes, torque, and leverage, and the many grasping functions of the hand Well-designed charts in each chapter that summarize companion movements and prime movers Use of analogies throughout the text to make concepts comprehensible and memorable Points to Remember, Summary of Muscles, Summary of Muscle Innervation, and Summary of Muscle Action tables End-of-chapter review questions to help you retain and understand the human body from a clinical and functional perspective

Download or read book Clinical Kinesiology and Anatomy written by Lynn Lippert and published by F A Davis Company. This book was released on 2006 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lynn Lippert adds a greater emphasis on clinical insights and functional connections to her easy-to-understand, well-organized 4th edition text. This accurate and thoughtfully updated edition is what should be at the heart of your clinical kinesiology course to help students analyze the mobility of specific joints in various activities of daily living. The first seven chapters describe the various body systems, terminology, and biomechanical principles that will be applied in the individual joint chapters that follow. Greater clinical and functional "depth" added to the chapters. "Basic Biomechanics" includes more clinical and anatomical examples to better explain basic lever systems and inclined planes.

Download or read book Effects of Synthetic Turf and Shockpads on Impact Attenuation Related Biomechanics During Drop Landing written by Hang Qu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthetic turf has been widely utilized in sports since 1964. Discrepancies, however, in injury incidence on synthetic turf and natural grass have been reported throughout studies. Adding a shock pad under synthetic turf carpet is claimed to aid in energy absorption and decrease impact loading. Although some studies have conducted materials tests and compared mechanical characteristics of synthetic turf with different shock pads, no studies have examined biomechanical characteristics of impact related human movements on an infilled synthetic turf system with different underlying shock pads. The purpose of this research was to investigate effects of an infilled synthetic turf with three shock pads of different energy absorption characteristics on impact attenuation related biomechanics of lower extremity during drop landing. Wearing running shoes, twelve active and healthy recreational male athletes performed five trials of drop landing from 60 cm with a controlled landing style (maximum knee flexion) on five surface conditions: a regular surface (force platform), an infilled synthetic turf, turf plus foam shock pad, turf plus a lower density shock pad, and turf plus a high density shock pad. A motion analysis system and force platform were utilized to collect kinematic and kinetic data. Furthermore, a mechanical test was conducted based on ASTM F355 standard. The turf plus shock pad systems resulted in lower 1st vertical peak ground reaction force (GRF) and its loading rates compared to synthetic turf without a shock pad. However, no differences in 2nd vertical GRF and joint kinematics and kinetics across surfaces were found. These results suggest that landing from 60 cm may cause a plateau effect in energy attenuation for the examined turf and turf plus shock pad systems. Future studies may be needed to explore the shock attenuation capacities of landing surfaces in landing activities from a lower height (

Download or read book Sports Injury Management written by Marcia K. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 746 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Engineering of Sport Research Development and Innovation written by AJ Subic and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2000-08-02 with total page 535 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sports engineering is an interdisciplinary subject, which encompasses and integrates not only sports science and engineering (including biomechanics, physics and other subsections of general science), but also much broader issues that are of paramount importance to developing and implementing new sports technology. This book provides an overview of the state-of-the-art in sports technology and the latest contemporary developments from the perspective of both industrial practice and academic research. It brings together the work of researchers from Europe, North America, Asia, Australia and Africa under the following four headings: Sports Engineering, Design and Sports Technology, Enabling Knowledge and Advanced Analysis Techniques.

Download or read book Clinical Kinesiology for Physical Therapist Assistants written by Lynn Lippert and published by F A Davis Company. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emphasizes basic kinesiology knowledge, describing the essentials of joint movement and muscle action. Discusses each major muscle in terms of location, attachment, function, and innervation. Includes review questions and many detailed b&w illustrations. This third edition adds five new chapters on basic biomechanics, the temperomandibular joint, the pelvic girdle, normal posture, and arthrokinematics. Material on the muscular system is expanded to include an explanation of open and closed kinetic chain principles.

Download or read book Biomechanics and Motor Control written by Mark L. Latash and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-10-06 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomechanics and Motor Control: Defining Central Concepts provides a thorough update to the rapidly evolving fields of biomechanics of human motion and motor control with research published in biology, psychology, physics, medicine, physical therapy, robotics, and engineering consistently breaking new ground. This book clarifies the meaning of the most frequently used terms, and consists of four parts, with part one covering biomechanical concepts, including joint torques, stiffness and stiffness-like measures, viscosity, damping and impedance, and mechanical work and energy. Other sections deal with neurophysiological concepts used in motor control, such as muscle tone, reflex, pre-programmed reactions, efferent copy, and central pattern generator, and central motor control concepts, including redundancy and abundance, synergy, equilibrium-point hypothesis, and motor program, and posture and prehension from the field of motor behavior. The book is organized to cover smaller concepts within the context of larger concepts. For example, internal models are covered in the chapter on motor programs. Major concepts are not only defined, but given context as to how research came to use the term in this manner. Presents a unified approach to an interdisciplinary, fragmented area Defines key terms for understanding Identifies key theories, concepts, and applications across theoretical perspectives Provides historical context for definitions and theory evolution

Download or read book Brunnstrom s Clinical Kinesiology written by Laura K. Smith and published by F A Davis Company. This book was released on 1996 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thorough review of the properties of bone, cartilage, ligaments, and fascia -- Broader coverage of muscle innervations and actions; applications of mechanical and physiological principles; agonist, antagonist, and synergistic relationships; and closed chain motion -- Each body region chapter emphasizes the kinesiologic issue best illustrated for that region, e.g., the knee chapter includes a section on functional interaction of muscles and ligaments -- Material on joints, ligaments, end-feels, and accessory joint motion, as well as innervation and anatomical actions of muscles -- Numerous illustrations have been added to support this easy-to-read text

Download or read book Science and Golf II written by Alastair J. Cochran and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2002-09-11 with total page 844 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the papers presented at the second World Scientific Congress of Golf. The overall theme of the congress is the application of science, scientific method and scientific research in golf. The congress is intended to provide a forum for scientists of different disciplines to meet and discuss their ideas and research and for practising coaches to interact with scientists.

Download or read book Tennis Science for Tennis Players written by Howard Brody and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2010-11-24 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How does your opponent put that tricky spin on the ball? Why are some serves easier to return than others? The mysteries behind the winning strokes, equipment, and surfaces of the game of tennis are accessibly explained by Howard Brody through the laws of physics. And he gives practical pointers to ways players can use this understanding to advantage in the game. Through extensive laboratory testing and computer modeling, Brody has investigated the physics behind the shape of the tennis racket, the string pattern, the bounce of the tennis ball, the ways a particular court surface can determine the speed of the game, and the many other physical factors involved in tennis.