Download or read book Effectiveness and Relative Performance of Concrete Bridge Deck and Crack Sealants written by Melissa A. Dorshorst and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of Concrete Deck and Crack Sealers written by José Antonio Pincheira and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effectiveness and Performance of Crack Sealants for Bridge Decks written by José A. Pincheira and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness and performance of selected products for sealing cracks in concrete bridge decks. The project was a follow up study of an earlier investigation to expand the selection of crack sealers for use in the field. A total of nine crack sealants were tested in this study under laboratory conditions that simulated the exposure to deicing salts and freeze?thaw cycles encountered in practice. Five of the products had been tested earlier under the same laboratory conditions but for a limited range of crack widths. Four additional products were also included in this study. Based on the test results, the performance of the sealants was evaluated and ranked, and recommendations for their use in the field are provided.
Download or read book Development and Layout of a Protocol for the Field Performance of Concrete Deck and Crack Sealants written by José Antonio Pincheira and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of this project was to develop and layout a protocol for the long-term monitoring and assessment of the performance of concrete deck and crack sealants in the field. To accomplish this goal, a total of six bridge decks were chosen for study. The decks have ages that vary from 4 to 30 years old, are all in good condition, though some presented a variety of longitudinal, transverse and diagonal cracking. In each deck, test segments were laid out along one lane in four of the six bridges. Drill powder samples were extracted in each segment in order to determine the in-situ, near-surface chloride ion content of the deck. Laboratory analyses of the samples showed that the chloride ion content varied between 3.2 lb/cy for the younger decks (3 years old) and 20.8 lb/cy for the older decks (28 years old). Based on the recommendations of a previous laboratory investigation, a pool of the best performing deck and crack sealants were selected to be applied in the decks. In two bridges, deck segments were sealed with four deck sealants while one segment was left unsealed to be used as a control segment. Additionally, the cracks in each of these segments were sealed with five crack sealants. While two other decks were also scheduled for sealing as part of this phase of the project, they were not done because the required curing time for some of the products was longer than deemed acceptable by DOT crews for these high traffic bridges. It is recommended, however, that every effort be made to have these decks be sealed in the near future. The remaining two bridges had been sealed at the time of construction. While no specific information could be secured about the product used in these decks, the low chloride ion content in these decks suggested that the applied product has helped reduce the ingress of chloride ions. Therefore, it is recommended that these decks continue to be monitored over time. Based on the inspections and the data collected in the field, a protocol and schedule for the continuing monitoring of sealant performance is presented.
Download or read book Crack and Concrete Deck Sealant Performance written by Karl Andrew Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of Roadware 10 Minute Concrete Mender for PCC Bridge Deck Crack Sealing written by Khader Abu Al-eis and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Protective Coatings for Concrete Bridge Decks written by Richard J. Irwin and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Performance of protective coatings for bridge decks is evaluated. Applications to bridges on the New York State highway system from 1961 through 1967 included 1) surface overlays, 2) membranes between the structural slab and bituminous wearing course, and 3) surface sealants. Overlays and membranes consisted of epoxies, polyesters, polyurethanes, latexes, neoprenes, silicone rubbers, and asphalt cutbacks. Surface sealants included silicones, distillate oils, and linseed oil. None of the surface overlays lasted more than 2 to 3 yr. However, a flexible polyester resin with fiber glass has provided satisfactory service for 1-1/2 yr and will remain under observation. Leakage of box-girder bridges with a membrane was primarily due to shear-key construction (since modified), while the same materials applied to composite bridges were associated with leakage that could not be explained. A more comprehensive survey of membranes is planned. Silicone and distillate oil sealants on non-air-entrained concrete did not improve long-term durability. Air-entrained concrete, both with and without linseed oil treatment, showed no evidence of deterioration after 4 yr of exposure.
Download or read book Concrete Bridge Deck Crack Sealant Evaluation and Implementation written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A total of 12 sealant products were applied on the Smith Avenue High Bridge in St. Paul and evaluated over a three-year period. Details, such as surface preparation and application methods, were documented for each product and are conditions specific to each product. Sealant performance was evaluated through field permeability testing, visual observations, and petrographic examination. Visual observations provided evidence that approximately 67 percent of test sections were performing effectively after one winter but only 4 percent after two winters. After three winters, 58 percent of the test locations were visually characterized as ineffective and 42 percent as partially effective. Product performance significantly reduced over the third winter, primarily due to major loss of sealant and surface sand materials. Coring was performed after the second winter, and the cores were photographed and subjected to a petrographic evaluation. The observed depth of sealant penetration was highly variable and likely is dependent on the presence of debris within the crack, original crack width, and the deck temperatures during application. The predominant failure mode observed under magnification was detachment from the crack face and not within the sealant materials. Based on numerous factors, four epoxy and three methacrylate products were recommended for consideration on MnDOT's Approved Products List. Each product recommendation contains the surface preparation and application method conditions under which they were applied. It is also recommended that MnDOT look into increasing the frequency of its routine crack sealing maintenance program from the current five-year cycle.
Download or read book Waterproofing Membranes for Concrete Bridge Decks written by David G. Manning and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 1995 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This synthesis will be of interest to research, specifications, materials, design, and construction engineers; contract and specification administrators; agency project managers and staff; and concrete bridge deck construction contractors. This synthesis describes the state of the practice with respect to the development and present status of waterproofing membranes for concrete bridge decks. This report of the Transportation Research Board describes the use of waterproofing systems applied to new bridge decks and the rehabilitation of deteriorated concrete bridge decks. In addition, this synthesis describes current practice with regard to methods for assessing the effectiveness of membranes, criteria for use, installation practices, and factors that affect the performance of waterproofing systems in new construction and rehabilitation. Suggestions for future research are also included.
Download or read book Bridge Deck Concrete Sealers written by John D. Wenzlick and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last several years, MoDOT has experienced problems with excessive amounts of cracking on some new concrete bridge decks. This has led to various concrete sealers being used for sealing cracks as well as whole decks, instead of applying linseed oil. Linseed oil is the only concrete sealer listed in Missouri's Standard Specifications, and is used for resistance to scaling on new bridge decks. Secondly, some recent projects re-texturing decks built with dense concrete overlays have specified penetrating concrete sealers. The concern was if linseed oil was used on the diamond ground surface, it might not have good frictional properties. Either extra linseed oil might be left on the surface or the linseed oil might not cure quickly enough to switch traffic onto it after short lane closures. It was decided that new penetrating sealers be used in these situations by special provision to the contract. Four types of penetrating sealers were tested against linseed oil in the laboratory to rate their effectiveness, pick criteria for testing needed in accepting sealers and write a new specification to best protect concrete bridge decks from deterioration. In the case of new concrete decks it is recognized by American Concrete Institute that cracks smaller than 0.18 mm do not let chloride ions from salt penetrate through them. It was concluded that if there are very few cracks bigger than this, those cracks do not need to be sealed, and linseed oil can be used to help prevent scaling. If cracks were bigger than this it would be better to forego the linseed oil treatment and use a crack sealer. A table with concrete sealers classified into three performance groups is presented with the sealers ranked by performance and including cost per ft. 2. It was found from this study that penetrating sealers are not good at sealing large cracks. Although an Ohio DOT test was used in this study to measure crack sealing capabilities, it did not give consistent answers. It did help identify what size cracks need to be sealed by a better crack sealer, such as a two-part epoxy. It was found that cracks in the range of 0.30 mm to 0.64 mm start to allow a saline solution to leak through the concrete very swiftly. So even if a penetrating sealer is used on a deck with many cracks, those 0.64 mm cracks and bigger need a more appropriate crack filler/sealer to seal the individual big cracks first. Sealing cracks on existing older decks should be done using less expensive products that seal the entire small and medium-sized cracks and are effective for 2-4 years. A table listing these crack sealers is also presented. As a result of testing in this study one of these products was approved for preventive maintenance use statewide.
Download or read book Control and Repair of Bridge Deck Cracking written by Robert J. Frosch and published by . This book was released on 2010-11-15 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Performance and Durability Assessment of Concrete Bridge Deck Sealants written by Bipin Adhikari and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Concrete Bridge Deck Crack Sealing written by Ashraf M. Rahim and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sealing of Cracks on Florida Bridge Decks with Steel Girders written by Adel ElSafty and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the biggest problems affecting bridges is the transverse cracking and deterioration of concrete bridge decks. This research identifies suitable sealing materials for deck cracks showing their ability to span cracks of various widths and achieving performance criteria such as penetration depth, bond strength to crack walls, elongation, viscosity, penetration, and suitability of the type of sealant. Sealant performance was investigated by testing core samples to determine the depth of sealant penetration, bond, and tensile strength. Sealer samples were tested to verify their strength, modulus of elasticity, and elongation. A finite element model was developed to investigate the factors affecting tensile stresses and crack tendency. It also checks the live-load deflection limit, which is an important factor in bridge deck cracking. An Excel spreadsheet was also developed to predict the deck cracking accounting for shrinkage, thermal effect, creep, concrete mix design, deck restraint, loading, and environmental effects.
Download or read book Linear Cracking in Bridge Decks written by Soundar S.G Balakumaran and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concrete cracking in bridge decks remains an important issue relative to deck durability. Cracks can allow increased penetration of chlorides, which can result in premature corrosion of the reinforcing steel and subsequent spalling of the concrete deck. Although it is understood that the service life of bridge decks is affected by concrete cracking, the degree to which cracking affects service life is unknown. Crack repairs may be expensive, and only a few state transportation agencies have developed effective decision-making tools to support engineering decisions about whether and how to repair cracks in bridges. To understand how various factors affect the formation of cracks and to comprehend how cracks influence the performance of bridge decks, a comprehensive literature review was performed of publications from the early 1970s to the present. With findings from more than 45 years of research, the influences of about 30 factors were included in the literature review. In this study, 37 highway bridges in Virginia were selected on the basis of environmental exposure, geographic location, traffic conditions, and construction era. Ten decks with ordinary portland cement (OPC) concrete with a water–cementitious material (w/c) ratio of 0.47 with uncoated reinforcement were built from 1968 through 1971, and 27 decks with concrete with a w/c ratio of 0.45 with epoxy-coated reinforcement were built from 1984 through 1991. Of the newer 27 decks, 11 had concrete with supplementary cementitious material (SCM) such as fly ash and slag. The study included field surveys, sampling, and extensive data collection with regard to the decks. In addition, a laboratory study of the collected samples was conducted to understand the material properties and to determine the chloride contents. Statistical methods were used to analyze the collected data and to form regression models for prediction of crack influence on chloride diffusion. The increase in chloride diffusion through cracks when compared to that of corresponding uncracked locations was statistically significant. No strong correlation was found between surface crack width and chloride diffusion; however, a significant correlation was found between crack depth and chloride diffusion. To understand the effects of cracks on the durability of the structures, service life was estimated using a probabilistic chloride diffusion model based on Fick’s second law of diffusion. The estimated service life of the decks with concrete with SCM was around 100 years but only if no cracks were present. The presence of cracks affected the service life significantly. With higher crack frequencies, the service life plunged to the levels of decks built with OPC concrete, which was significantly lower to begin with. The service life of decks built with OPC concrete was not significantly affected by the presence of cracks, primarily because the high permeability of OPC concrete, with or without the presence of cracks, results in a shorter service life for OPC concrete decks. Time to corrosion initiation for corrosion-resistant reinforcing bars, ASTM A1035 (VDOT Class I reinforcement) and ASTM A955 (VDOT Class III reinforcement), was estimated, and the service lives were much longer compared to those of the decks in this study constructed with other types of reinforcement. Implementation guidance for quality assurance of newly built bridge decks with modern concrete mixtures and corrosion-resistant reinforcement and for maintenance of existing bridge decks was developed based on the study results.
Download or read book Crack Sealing and Filling written by Jusang Lee and published by . This book was released on 2015-12-31 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study investigated the current state of practice for crack sealing/filling. In addition, the INDOT crack sealing/filling practice was experimentally evaluated for the effectiveness of crack sealing/filling, the effectiveness of routing, the performance of the different types of crack sealants and fillers, the validity of sealant performance grade system, and the crack sealing/filling equipment performance. The key findings from an extensive literature review and nationwide/statewide survey performed in 2012 are the following: (1) 65% of the responses indicated that the routing is required for the crack sealing/filling application; (2) ASTM D 6690 Type II was the most widely used sealant type and only Missouri and Indiana included emulsions in their specifications as crack sealing/filling materials; and (3) crack sealing/filling equipment availability and their maintenance were the biggest concerns.Based on the two-year experimental investigation, the crack sealing/filling was determined to be effective in preventing the occurrence of pavement surface crack distress. The crack sealing/filling was concluded to be effective in maintaining crack integrity and resisting sealant and filler deformations due to the seasonal crack movement. The routing was not determined to be effective in terms of the pavement performances. However, Adhesive/Cohesive/Spalling (ACS) failure results showed that the routed sections significantly outperformed the non-routed sections. In addition, the test results indicated that the ASTM 6690 Type II crack sealants performed relatively well in terms of pavement and crack performance. The correlation between the sealant performance grades and the pavement and crack performances with different types of sealants and fillers were poor and insignificant.The experimental results showed that the cracks on wet pavement treated with HAL had significantly higher bonding between the materials and asphalt pavement surface than the cracks treated with the conventional air compressor. Therefore, the incorporation of a hot air lance in the wet condition is recommended to extend the operable time and seasonal availability for crack filling and sealing construction (2070 and 2090 Activities).
Download or read book Reducing Cracks in Concrete Bridge Decks Using Shrinkage Reducing Admixture written by Harikrishnan Nair and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Restrained shrinkage cracking of concrete bridge decks creates a significant durability problem. Major admixture suppliers in the United States have introduced a new category of chemical admixtures called shrinkage reducing admixtures (SRAs). SRAs work by reducing the surface tension of pore water and thereby decreasing the capillary stress and shrinkage induced by drying. Several studies have reported that using SRAs in concrete mixtures is one of the most effective ways of reducing shrinkage cracking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of SRAs in reducing drying shrinkage in Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) concrete mixtures and thus reducing cracks in bridge decks. Nine bridges located in VDOT's Northern Virginia, Staunton, and Fredericksburg districts were selected for study. Three different SRA products were used. With the exception of one mixture, the maximum cementitious content was limited to 600 lb/yd3. Fresh and hardened concrete properties were determined for each mixture, and field placement details were documented. The results showed that low cementitious concrete with SRA was effective in minimizing bridge deck cracking. The study showed that bridges with fewer and narrower cracks or no cracks can be constructed and that proper construction practices are needed to reduce bridge deck cracking. The study recommends the use of SRA with a lower cementitious content in VDOT bridge deck concrete mixtures. A VDOT special provision was developed for the future use of SRA in concrete mixtures.
