Download or read book Effect of Tillage Systems on Early Growth of Winter Wheat Triticum Aestivum L written by Dale Alan Weishaar and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Tillage Systems and Seeding Dates on Grain Yields of Wheat Triticum Aestivum Vill Host on the Anatolian Plateau of Turkey written by Thomas G. Zinn and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is the major food crop produced on the Anatolian Plateau of Turkey where due to limited rainfall the farmers follow the traditional system of fallow farming. They are presently producing an average of 1.15 tons of grain per hectare during the crop year. This rate of production does not meet the needs of the country and during the last 15-20 years Turkey has frequently had to import wheat. The present fallow system permits extensive livestock grazing during the late fall and winter months in the noncrop year. Spring tillage practices are delayed to permit weed growth for additional foraging by livestock during the early and late spring period. This delayed spring tillage, using wooden or steel plows, leaves the soil loose and subject to rapid drying. Little plant residue is left on the surface to protect the soil and maintain water infiltration rates. The farmer also must cultivate several times before planting in order to prepare a satisfactory seedbed. Under these conditions Turkish farmers have learned that seed planted early in the fall in dry, warm soil may be germinated by light rain, subsequently dry out and then die. Thus, they have over time adopted the practice of delaying planting until late fall when temperatures are cooler and frequent rains more certain. Under these conditions the crop is largely dependent upon late spring and early summer rains for satisfactory grain production. Climate in dryland regions of Oregon and Washington are similar to those in the Anatolian Plateau. Previous research conducted on the Anatolian Plateau indicated that modified technology from Oregon and Washington could be adopted to Turkish conditions resulting in substantial increases in grain yield. The objective of this study was to compare three fallow-tillage systems for moisture conservation and early vs. late seeding dates on subsequent grain yield of wheat. The tillage treatments were (1) a fall chisel operation followed by a spring chisel tillage, (2) chiselling twice in the spring in perpendicular directions, and (3) moldboard plowing in the spring. All three systems received subsequent tillages with a sweep-harrow combination as required to maintain a weedfree fallow and uniform seedbed. The amount of moisture conserved was not affected by the three tillage systems employed and grain yield was not different due to tillage method. All of the systems conserved sufficient water to allow early seeding into residual moisture with a deep furrow drill. A 94 per cent stand emerged within 15 days. At a later sowing date wheat was seeded into dry soil using a double disc drill. Emergence was delayed due to late rains. After 56 days an 89 per cent stand had emerged. In this experiment a 36 per cent grain yield increase resulted from early seeding; 3.79 tons per hectare compared to 2.79 tons per hectare from the late seeded plots, a highly significant difference. The 3.79 tons per hectare is 2.64 tons per hectare more than the average yield from local farms, where a traditional fallow system is followed. The major components contributing to the yield increases from early seeding were (1) more plants and heads per unit area, (2) more kernels per head and to a lesser degree (3) kernel weight. This study suggests that if Turkish farmers adopt improved summer fallow systems, wheat yields can be increased significantly; thus, reducing or perhaps eliminating the need for importing wheat. However, the loss of grazing land under a clean fallow system for livestock will need to be evaluated in terms of the total economic and social conditions to determine if the increased wheat yields warrant the change in farming practices. It is anticipated that the loss of forage during the fallow period would be offset by the increase of stubble and cereal aftermath as a result of grain yield increase during the cropping sequence.
Download or read book Estimation of Available Phosphorus in Soils by Extraction with Sodium Bicarbonate written by Sterling Robertson Olsen and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Tillage System Grazing and Seeding Date on Grain Yield of Hard Red Winter Wheat Triticum Aestivum and Effect of Production Objective and Tillage System on Forage Production written by Deena Leigh Morley and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Winter Wheat Triticum Aestivum L as a Cover Crop in Sugar Beet Beta Vulgaris L Production written by Paul Bryan Knoerr and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soil Water Availability for Spring Growth of Winter Wheat Triticum Aestivum L as Influenced by Planting Date and Tillage written by William Frederick Heer and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Influence of Preceeding Crop and Crop Residue on Stand and Yield of Winter Wheat Triticum Aestivum L in Different Tillage Systems Including Zero Tillage written by Stina Olofsson and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Reduced tillage on the Availability of Nitrogen for the Growth of Winter Wheat written by Mark Brooks Calnon and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Conservation Tillage in Temperate Agroecosystems written by M.R. Carter and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-09-08 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this invaluable book, leading agronomic researchers provide in-depth reviews of present conservation tillage practices in a wide variety of temperate agroecosystems. Each chapter characterizes how conservation tillage has been developed and adapted or modified to fit specific environments, with the chapters divided into the following climate regions: Cool Humid, Cool Humid to Warm Humid, Warm Humid, and Sub-Humid to Semi-Arid Continental. Each chapter also discusses important topics such as weed problems, crop rotation, fertilizer requirements, soil properties and processes, soil erosion, soil chemistry, soil physics, and environmental issues. A perfect working reference, this resource provides a synthesis of existing research and practices and shows how soil, climatic, and biological constraints can be overcome or circumvented.
Download or read book Tillage Practices and Nitrogen Rates Influenced Wheat and Sorghum Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Long term Dryland Wheat sorghum Rotation System written by Mosaed Abdullah Majrashi and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major challenge for agronomists is developing cropping systems that exhibit superior performance across variable environmental conditions. Long-term field research trials provide a direct measure of the effect of environmental conditions within the context of treatment effects. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most widely grown base crop in dryland systems of the semiarid central Great Plains, but grain yields are limited by nitrogen (N) and soil water availability. The goal of this research was to assess long-term cropping systems of winter wheat-grain sorghum-fallow in dryland. The focus was to determine the effect of three tillage practices and rates of N fertilization rates effects on the efficiency of the management system and grain yields for 2015-2018, and evaluate the yield stability for both crops in a 53-year-old crop rotation and fertility experiment. In the first study we evaluated the long-term effects of three different tillage practices and four N fertilizer rates on grain yield, protein content, and N use efficiency indices of winter wheat and grain sorghum in 2015-2018. The experiment was conducted on a long-term plot initiated in 1965 in Hays, KS as a split-split-plot arrangement of rotation, tillage, and N fertilizer treatments with four replications in a randomized complete block design. The main plots were the crop phase (winter wheat, grain sorghum, or fallow), sub-plots were three tillage treatments [conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT), and no-tillage (NT)]. The sub-sub-plots were four N rates (0, 22, 45, and 67 kg N ha−1) later modified in the 2015 growing season to 0, 45, 90, and 134 kg ha−1. Results showed tillage × N rate interaction had no significant (P = 0.608) effect on grain yield. Year × tillage and year × N rate had significant (P
Download or read book Corn and Grain Sorghum Comparison written by Yared Assefa and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-12-16 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corn and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor subsp. bicolor L) are among the top cereal crops world wide, and both are key for global food security. Similarities between the two crops, particularly their adaptation for warm-season grain production, pose an opportunity for comparisons to inform appropriate cropping decisions. This book provides a comprehensive review of the similarities and differences between corn and grain sorghum. It compares corn and sorghum crops in areas such as morphology, physiology, phenology, yield, resource use and efficiency, and impact of both crops in different cropping systems. Producers, researchers and extension agents in search of reliable scientific information will find this in-depth comparison of crops with potential fit in dryland and irrigations cropping systems particularly valuable. - Presents a wide range of points of comparison - Offers important insights for crop decision making
Download or read book Environmental Effects of Conservation Practices on Grazing Lands written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Conservation Tillage for Wheat in the Great Plains written by Charles R. Fenster and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Influence of Preceding Crop and Crop Residue on Stand and Yield of Winter Wheat Triticum stivum L in Different Tillage Systems Including Zero Tillage written by Stina Olofsson and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Methods of Studying Root Systems written by W. Böhm and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Root research under natural field conditions is still a step-child of science. The reason for this is primarily methodological. The known methods are tedious, time consuming, and the accuracy of their results is often not very great. Many research workers have been discouraged by doing such root studies. The need for more information on the development and distribution of plant roots in different soils under various ecological conditions is, however, obvious in many ecological disciplines. Especially the applied botanical sciences such as agriculture, horticulture, and forestry are interested in obtaining more data on plant roots in the soil. This book will give a survey of existing methods in ecological root research. Primarily field methods are presented; techniques for pot experiments are described only so far as they are important for solving ecological problems. Laboratory methods for studying root physiology are not covered in this book. Scientific publications on roots are scattered in many different journals published all over the world. By working through the international root literature I found that about ten thousand papers on root ecology have been published at the present. This is not very much compared with the immense literature on the aboveground parts of the plants, but is, however, too much to cite in this book.
Download or read book Fallow Water Retention and Wheat Growth as Affected by Tillage Method and Surface Soil Compaction written by William F. Schillinger and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No-tillage winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in a wheat-fallow cropping system has consistently produced lower grain yields than conventionally tilled soils in the semiarid Pacific Northwest. A 2-year study was conducted in a long-term tillage trial at Moro, OR to determine factors responsible for differences in wheat growth and yield as affected by moldboard plow, stubble mulch, and no-tillage fallow method. Soil water, soil mineral N, plant N uptake, soil temperature, above-ground dry matter accumulation, and yield components were measured. The highest fallow efficiency during both years was achieved by stubble mulch tillage, followed by the plow and no-tillage systems. Accelerated water loss from no-tillage fallow occurred during the hot, dry summer due to uninterrupted capillary flow. The main yield limitations to no-tillage technology in this study were: (1) diminished seedzone water at planting time in the fall which resulted in reduced germination and stand establishment; (2) cooler spring soil temperatures which slowed crop development and dry matter accumulation, and; (3) production of fewer spikes per unit area. The second objective of this study was to determine if late season seedzone water loss from fallow could be reduced by altering the physical characteristics of the dust mulch. Loss of seedzone water appears to accelerate in late August and September because of increased diurnal heat flux. Compacting the soil surface with a roller in mid-August increased surface bulk density and volumetric water content to depths as great as 10 cm. Evaporative water loss from compacted plots, however, occurred at a faster rate than from control plots and, by mid-September, there were no differences in seedzone water content among treatments. Increased soil thermal conductivity appeared to be the reason for accelerated water loss in compacted treatments. Although water loss occurred at a faster rate in compacted treatments, compacting fallow soils with a roller immediately prior to fall seeding may increase winter wheat germination, emergence, and stand establishment during years of marginal seedzone water.
Download or read book The Effect of Three Conservation Tillage Systems on Corn Zea Mays L Growth and Productivity written by Ali M. Al-Darby and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
