Download or read book Effect of Live Microbes as Dietary Adjunct on Ruminal Fermentation Nutrient Utilization and Growth of Calves written by R. Malik and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Yeasts as Dietary Additives to Manipulate Ruminal Fermentation written by Yamicela Castillo Castillo and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is considerable interest in the use of microbial additives such as yeasts in the nutrition of ruminants. The prohibition of the antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feeds increased the interest to investigate the effects of yeasts as natural additives on the gastrointestinal ecosystem and animal productive behavior. The effect of yeast-based preparations on the rumen environment and on the growth performance of ruminants has been well documented and has generated considerable scientific attention in the last two decades. However, the precise action modes by which the yeast cultures improve nutrient utilization and livestock production are still under study. Therefore, the objective of this chapter is to deepen into the action mechanisms of the yeasts at the ruminal level and at the productive level for their use as additives in animal feeding.
Download or read book Effect of Feeding Different Energy Sources on Rumen Fermentation and Nutrient Utilization in Crossbred Calves written by T. K. Dutta and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Maternal Influence on the Calf Rumen Microbiome and Subsequent Host Performance written by Hannah C. Cunningham and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Efficiency of livestock production is critically important due to the growing demand for high quality animal products paralleled by shrinking available resources. Rumen fermentation accounts for 70% of dietary energy for the host ruminant, and the microbes responsible for that fermentation, collectively referred to as the rumen microbiome, likely play an important role in feed conversion efficiency. Non-ruminant research suggests maternal factors have a large impact on microbial colonization of the gut with implications for long-term health. In beef cattle, factors that influence the initial microbial colonization of the rumen are relatively unexplored but have potential to impact host performance later in life. We hypothesized that the rumen microbiome is affected by maternal influences and may have implications for calf performance later in life. Our goal was to determine the effects of gestational nutrition, maternal breed, mode of delivery, and rearing type on the calf rumen microbiome. Three separate studies were conducted; the first two studies utilized 24 mature, late-gestating Angus cows. Two objectives were investigated using the same negative control group for each objective; 1) determine if nutrient restriction during late gestation alters the calf rumen microbiome, and 2) determine if ruminal microbiome composition differs in calves born vaginally versus caesarean. For objective 1, control (CON; n= 8) cows were fed to meet NRC requirements while nutrient restriction (NR; n = 8) were restricted to reduce BCS by 1.5-2 pts over the last trimester compared to CON. Cows calved naturally and rumen fluid was collected on calves at d 7. For the second objective, the same CON cows were used and the caesarean section (CS; n = 6) cows were fed the same as CON but calves were delivered via caesarean section instead of vaginally. Rumen fluid was collected at d 7 from the calves. Metagenomic shotgun sequencing on DNA extracted from rumen fluid was completed and analyzed using QIIME to determine alpha- and beta-diversity differences. Results indicated an increased species richness (P
Download or read book Effects of Probiotics and Tannins on Growth Performance Gastrointestinal Tract Fermentation and Measures of Eimeria Species in Cattle written by Laurel B. Rigby and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growing human population is associated with an increased demand for food of plant and animal origin, as is the demand for more naturally produced meat worldwide. The ability of ruminants to convert resources otherwise inedible to humans into consumable end-products, demonstrates the indispensable role ruminants play in sustainable agriculture. The production of these end-products can only be achieved through ruminal microbial fermentation. Therefore, rumen microbes play a key role in the production efficiency of ruminants due to their role in supplying end products that are either directly used by the host or by other microorganisms as energy. Hence, ruminal microbes are a primary target for intensification of livestock, development of new management techniques and products to improve performance and health of livestock. Our objective was to determine the effects of non-ionophore feed additives on feed efficiency, prevalence of Eimeria spp. load, volatile fatty acid concentrations, and gastrointestinal tract microbiomes (rumen and fecal) in post-weaned calves. We hypothesized that the use of a direct fed microbial (DFM) and DFM with tannin would improve performance and decrease coccidial infection similar to the use of Rumensin. Weaned calves (n = 117; 272.77 ± 33.14 kg of BW) were stratified by weight and sex to 1 of 4 treatments that consisted of a total mixed ration with: 1) no additive (CON), 2) RumaCell probiotic (RCELL; 5 g Lactobacillus acidophilus/hd/d), 3) RumaCell + tannin (RTAN; 5 g RCELL + 2.5 g Tannin/hd/d), or 4) Rumensin (RUM; 200 mg/hd/d). Fecal samples were collected multiple times a week for the first 46 d from a subset of 15 calves, randomly selected from each treatment group, to most accurately capture previous and concurrent Eimeria spp. infections. The same subset of calves was also utilized for rumen fluid and fecal samples on d 0 (Oct), 35 (Dec) and 70 (Jan). Intake and BW data from a 70 d feed test were used to calculate dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), residual feed intake (RFI), and gain to feed (GF)...Our data shows that RUM was the most effective at treating coccidial infections. In terms of performance, RTAN seems to be more competitive with RUM in improving ADG and G:F. The rumen microbial communities of CON and RCELL were more rich and diverse, whereas RTAN microbiome was more similar to RUM with less diversity and greater evenness which is associated with the a microbiome of higher efficieincy animals. These results suggest that DFM with tannins may provide an alternative to ionophores by improving feed efficiency and performance metrics in weaned calves.
Download or read book Exploration of Factors Contributing to Colonization and the Programming Potential of the Early Gut Microbiome in Cattle written by Kelly L. Woodruff and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing worldwide population creates a demand for improved efficiency of livestock. End products of microbial fermentation within the rumen of cattle accounts for up to 70% of the total dietary energy for the animal. These microbes also play a role in feed efficiency of ruminants. Thus, these microbial populations are crucial to production and understanding their development is critical. Research suggests that there are maternal factors that can impact development of the gut microbiome and these changes can persist through life, yet these data are sparse in ruminants. Another key area to consider that is also limited in available research is comparing the maternal rumen microbiome to the developing calf rumen microbiome. We hypothesized that maternal factors influence development of the calf rumen microbiome and that these changes persist through life. Two separate studies were conducted. The first study involved a survey to characterize the similarities between the cow rumen microbiome and the calf meconium microbiome and rumen fluid microbiome from birth through weaning. The objective of this study was to determine if there were shared microbial properties between the cow rumen fluid, calf meconium, and calf rumen fluid from birth through weaning. Rumen fluid was collected from the cows (n = 10) roughly 10 to 12 days prior to expected calving date. Cows calved naturally and meconium and rumen fluid were collected immediately following birth. Rumen fluid was collected from the calves again on d 2, d 28, and at weaning. DNA was extracted and analyzed in QIIME2 to determine alpha and beta diversity differences in addition to taxonomy assignment. Results indicate successive development of the calf rumen microbiome and that there are shared microbiomes between the cow and calf. In the second study cows (n = 60) were exposed to different planes of nutrition and mineral supplementation during late gestation. Those in the control group (CON) were feed to 100% NRC requirements where those in the nutrient restricted group (NR) were fed to 70% NRC requirements. Cows receiving supplementation were provided ad-libitum access to Purina Wind & Rain Storm All Season 7.5 Complete Availa 4 via a SmartFeed Pro (C-Lock, inc.) beginning approximately 30 d prior to expected calving date. Treatments included: CON with supplementation (CON+, n = 15), CON without supplementation (CON-, n = 15), NR with supplementation (NR+, n = 15), and NR without supplementation (NR-, n = 15). From each treatment group, 8 cows and their respective calves were sampled (n = 32 for those sampled). Rumen fluid was collected from the cows ~60 days, ~30 days, and ~14 days prior to expected calving. Cows calved naturally and immediately following birth meconium and rumen fluid were collected from the calf. Rumen fluid was collected again from the calf on d 7 and d 28. DNA extraction and analysis were the same as mentioned previously. Results from this study indicate that maternal nutrition influenced development of the calf rumen microbiome and these changes became more pronounced at one month of age. Overall, these data suggest that there are shared microbial properties between the cow rumen fluid, calf meconium, and calf rumen fluid. Additionally, results indicate that the maternal gestational plane of nutrition impacts the calf microbiome and may have implications for host performance long term.
Download or read book The Effects of Dietary Lipid and Protein Upon Growth Nutrient Utilization and Blood Constituents of Dairy Calves at Ages 6 18 Weeks written by Paul Thomas Chandler and published by . This book was released on with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Associative Effect of Dietary Fibre and Protein on Rumen Microbial Fermentation and Cell Wall Component Utilization in Cattle and Buffalo written by Vijay Kumar and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Management and Nutrition of Beef Calves on Immunity and Performance written by Paul Arthur Beck and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dietary Nitrogen Sources Affecting Ruminal Microbial Population Fermentation Pattern and Growth Performance in Calves Fed on Straw Based Diets written by P. C. Lailer and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Probiotic in Animals written by Everlon Rigobelo and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-10-03 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last few decades the prevalence of studies about probiotics strains has dramatically grown in most regions of the world. The use of probiotics strains in animals production may reduce several problems caused by antibiotics therapy, growth promoter and problems from inadequate management. Probiotics are specific strains of microorganisms, which when served to human or animals in proper amount, have a beneficial effect, improving health or reducing risk of get sick. This book provides the maximum of information for all that need them trying with this to help many people at worldwide.
Download or read book Probiotics and Prebiotics in Animal Health and Food Safety written by Diana Di Gioia and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-27 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the role of probiotics and prebiotics in maintaining the health status of a broad range of animal groups used for food production. It also highlights the use of beneficial microorganisms as protective agents in animal derived foods. The book provides essential information on the characterization and definition of probiotics on the basis of recently released guidelines and reflecting the latest trends in bacterial taxonomy. Last but not least, it discusses the concept of “dead” probiotics and their benefits to animal health in detail. The book will benefit all professors, students, researchers and practitioners in academia and industry whose work involves biotechnology, veterinary sciences or food production.
Download or read book Engineering Rumen Metabolic Pathways Where We Are and Where Are We Heading written by Emilio M. Ungerfeld and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-03-13 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ruminants were domesticated in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago and have since become an inseparable part of human diet, society, and culture. Ruminants can transform inedible plant fiber and non-protein nitrogen into meat, milk, wool and traction, thus allowing human utilization of non-tillable land and industrial by-products. The nutritional flexibility of ruminants is conferred by the rumen´s complex microbial community. Driven by rising income and population growth in emergent economies, the global demand for livestock products, including milk and meat from ruminants, has been increasingly growing, and is predicted to continue growing in the next few decades. The increase in production necessary to satisfy this rising demand is putting much pressure on already dwindling natural resources. There are also concerns about the emissions of methane and nitrous oxide, potent greenhouse gases associated to ruminant production. The need to make ruminant production more efficient in the use of natural resources poses a big challenge to ruminant science, and within it, rumen microbiology. Recent years have seen important advances in basic and applied rumen microbiology and biochemistry. The knowledge generated has significant implications for the efficiency and sustainability of ruminant production and the quality of ruminant products for human health. The present compilation is an update of recent advances in rumen microbiology and ruminant digestion and fermentation, including original research, reviews, and hypothesis and theory articles. We hope that the experimental results, discussion, models and ideas presented herein are useful to foster future research contributing to sustainable ruminant production.
Download or read book Bovine Medicine written by Anthony H. Andrews and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 1233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bovine Medicine provides practical and comprehensive information oncattle disease and production and is a key reference for all largeanimal vets. Since the first edition was published in 1991 therehave been significant improvements in disease control andmanagement of cattle. Almost all parts of the book have beenupdated and completely rewritten. There are new chapters onsurgery, embryo transfer, artificial insemination, ethno-veterinarymedicine and biosecurity, and a new consolidating chapter on theinteraction between the animal, environment, management anddisease. The previous edition has sold all over the world, and as aresult of this a greater emphasis has been placed on conditions andtheir treatment in areas other than temperate regions. A newsection entitled "Global Variation in Cattle Practice" has beenincluded with contributors discussing bovine medicine practice intheir part of the world. All in all this is an outstanding resource for any practisingvet and an excellent reference for veterinary students.
Download or read book Rearing Young Ruminants on Milk Replacers and Starter Feeds written by Uppoor Krishnamoorthy and published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). This book was released on 2011 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual presents comprehensive information on the preparation and feeding of milk replacers and starter feeds for pre-ruminants. Although the substitutes for dam's milk can be prepared from by-products of milk and feed ingredients that are not preferred for human consumption, awareness about such alternatives is limited in many developing countries. Therefore, popularization of preparation and feeding of milk replacers and starter feeds using locally available ingredients is useful in promoting survivability and growth of young stock. The target audiences for this manual are livestock extension workers engaged in developing countries. The manual is also useful for students and teachers of ruminant production and for small scale industries and researchers that wish to produce milk replacers and starter feeds.
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 1160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in Probiotics for Sustainable Food and Medicine written by Gunjan Goel and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-25 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on probiotics as sustainable foods and medicines, discussing issues such as screening and identification of probiotics, health claims, and advances in processing technologies, as well as food safety. Based on sound scientific research, the book is a unique reference resource for food scientists interested in development of probiotic based functional foods and their marketing. It will also appeal to those working in the area of regulations regarding the use of and health claims for fermented foods, both locally and globally.
