Download or read book The Urban Child Institute CANDLE Study written by Lisa Sontag-Padilla and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes the study design and summary data from the first year of data collection for the Urban Child Institute Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood Study: participant demographics, prenatal and birth measures; child and family health and nutrition; mothers' mental and behavioral health; and cognitive performance, psychosocial measures, and biological samples for mothers and children.
Download or read book Neurobiology of the Parental Brain written by Robert Bridges and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-07-28 with total page 599 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents cutting edge research on the basic neurobiology of parental behavior as it relates to behavioral disorders, including postpartum depression, anxiety, and inadequate parental bonding to infants. Internationally recognized basic and clinical researchers present new research findings in humans and animals that elucidate the roles of the brain, physiological state, genes and environment in maternal and paternal care. By bridging the gap between basic and clinical research, new understandings of how the biology of the brain and the reproductive state of the parent impact their mental health and the successful rearing of young emerge. - Presents the neural network of motherhood based on fundamental and functional MRI studies of parental care - from rodents to humans - Discusses the role of gene-environment interactions in parenting - Offers parenting strategies and priorities in raising young - Discusses maternal defense - the neurobiology of maternal protection - Examines the significance and underlying causes of postpartum depression - Discusses parenting and anxiety – neurobiological basis for reductions during the postpartum period - Also includes the neurobiology of fatherhood – a fresh evolutionary and biological perspective on paternal behavior - Presents information on maternal neuroplasticity - how reproductive history changes the maternal brain - Translates research – internationally renowned researchers' insights into common factors that regulate mammalian parenting
Download or read book Weight Gain During Pregnancy written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-01-14 with total page 868 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As women of childbearing age have become heavier, the trade-off between maternal and child health created by variation in gestational weight gain has become more difficult to reconcile. Weight Gain During Pregnancy responds to the need for a reexamination of the 1990 Institute of Medicine guidelines for weight gain during pregnancy. It builds on the conceptual framework that underscored the 1990 weight gain guidelines and addresses the need to update them through a comprehensive review of the literature and independent analyses of existing databases. The book explores relationships between weight gain during pregnancy and a variety of factors (e.g., the mother's weight and height before pregnancy) and places this in the context of the health of the infant and the mother, presenting specific, updated target ranges for weight gain during pregnancy and guidelines for proper measurement. New features of this book include a specific range of recommended gain for obese women. Weight Gain During Pregnancy is intended to assist practitioners who care for women of childbearing age, policy makers, educators, researchers, and the pregnant women themselves to understand the role of gestational weight gain and to provide them with the tools needed to promote optimal pregnancy outcomes.
Download or read book Fetal Cardiac Function written by E. Gratacós and published by S. Karger AG (Switzerland). This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fetal echocardiography was initially used to detect structural anomalies, but has more recently also been proposed to assess fetal cardiac function. Functional echocardiography has been demonstrated to select high-risk populations and has been seen to have an effect on the outcome of several fetal conditions. Because of the small size and high heart rate and the restricted access away from the transducer, cardiovascular parameters should be validated but used with caution in the fetus. This special issue on fetal cardiac function is a collection of review and original articles showing several potential clinical and research applications of functional echocardiography in intrauterine growth restriction, twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, congenital heart disease and aneuploides. The insights provided show that fetal cardiac function assessment is a promising tool that may soon be incorporated into clinical practice to diagnose, monitor or predict outcome in some fetal conditions. Therefore, this special issue on 'fetal cardiac function' provides valuable reading for clinicians and researchers in fetal medicine and cardiology who are interested in the fetal heart.
Download or read book Perinatal Programming written by Andreas Plagemann and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-11-30 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perinatal Programming addresses the environment-dependent setting of fundamental life functions and dispositions for diseases in developmental periods during pregnancy and in early infancy. It provides a new view of the origins of health and diseases. To realize these associations may enable us to prevent diseases for the long term. This book reviews actual state-of-the-art knowledge in the perinatal programming field. The authors are internationally known scientists of this research area.
Download or read book Brain Somatic Cross Talk and the Central Control of Metabolism written by Claude Kordon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-02-12 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present book summarizes presentations to an IPSEN Foundation Conference on Brain Somatic Cross Talk and the Central Control of Metabolism, organised in 2002. It proposes a state-of-the-art outline of the multifaceted neuronal networks which serve the highly selective purpose of adapting growth, metabolism, reproduction, and more generally energy consumption to the availability of food resources. The physiology of over twenty neurotransmitters and peptides underlying these functions is presented, together with their neuronal targets, their mechanism of action and their current or anticipated relevance for pathology. Functions covered are as diverse as regulation of food intake and sleep, adaptation to emergency situations, and finally mental disorders - as well as early, irreversible imprinting of epigenetic influences on physiological and behavioural patterns, which in some cases can even be transmitted from generation to generation. Book jacket.
Download or read book Weight Management written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-12-01 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary purpose of fitness and body composition standards in the U.S. Armed Forces has always been to select individuals best suited to the physical demands of military service, based on the assumption that proper body weight and composition supports good health, physical fitness, and appropriate military appearance. The current epidemic of overweight and obesity in the United States affects the military services. The pool of available recruits is reduced because of failure to meet body composition standards for entry into the services and a high percentage of individuals exceeding military weight-for-height standards at the time of entry into the service leave the military before completing their term of enlistment. To aid in developing strategies for prevention and remediation of overweight in military personnel, the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command requested the Committee on Military Nutrition Research to review the scientific evidence for: factors that influence body weight, optimal components of a weight loss and weight maintenance program, and the role of gender, age, and ethnicity in weight management.
Download or read book Oxford Textbook of Nature and Public Health written by Matilda van den Bosch and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-01-05 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human beings have always been affected by their surroundings. There are various health benefits linked to being able to access to nature; including increased physical activity, stress recovery, and the stimulation of child cognitive development. The Oxford Textbook of Nature and Public Health provides a broad and inclusive picture of the relationship between our own health and the natural environment. All aspects of this unique relationship are covered, ranging from disease prevention through physical activity in green spaces to innovative ecosystem services, such as climate change adaptation by urban trees. Potential hazardous consequences are also discussed including natural disasters, vector-borne pathogens, and allergies. This book analyses the complexity of our human interaction with nature and includes sections for example epigenetics, stress physiology, and impact assessments. These topics are all interconnected and fundamental for reaching a full understanding of the role of nature in public health and wellbeing. Much of the recent literature on environmental health has primarily described potential threats from our natural surroundings. The Oxford Textbook of Nature and Public Health instead focuses on how nature can positively impact our health and wellbeing, and how much we risk losing by destroying it. The all-inclusive approach provides a comprehensive and complete coverage of the role of nature in public health, making this textbook invaluable reading for health professionals, students, and researchers within public health, environmental health, and complementary medicine.
Download or read book WIC Nutrition Risk Criteria written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-06-10 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the scientific basis for nutrition risk criteria used to establish eligibility for participation in the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). The volume also examines the specific segments of the WIC population at risk for each criterion, identifies gaps in the scientific knowledge base, formulates recommendations regarding appropriate criteria, and where applicable, recommends values for determining who is at risk for each criterion. Recommendations for program action and research are made to strengthen the validity of nutrition risk criteria used in the WIC program.
Download or read book Leptin and Reproduction written by Michael C. Henson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The isolation of leptin in 1994 and its characterization as a factor influencing appetite, energy balance, and adiposity, immediately thrust the polypeptide into the rapidly growing body of literature centered on the physiology of obesity. The growing clinical awareness of obesity as a major health risk in developed societies dovetailed perfectly with any of a number of roles that leptin might play in this abenant physiological condition. Almost unnoticed amidst the excitement generated by early leptin publications was the suggestion that the "fat hormone" might also regulate a wide range of systems and events important to reproduction, including pubertal development, gonadal endocrinology, fettility, and pregnancy. Recognizing this potential, a relatively small cadre of researchers began to examine leptin specifically as a reproductive hormone, thus creating a new and fertile field of investigation. Interest in this area has since gained momentum and an increased number of participants have now made significant contributions to our understanding of many leptin-related mechanisms that are relevant to reproductive biology. Leptin and Reproduction is the first major volume to specifically address leptin as a reproductive hormone and closely examines the advances made in the short time since this field of interest developed. Preeminent researchers ti'om many of the subdisciplines working within this area present a welcomed compendium of the wealth of related literature and voice novel interpretations of cun'ent advances.
Download or read book Free Fatty Acid Receptors written by Graeme Milligan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-08 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the important role free fatty acids (FFA) play as potential drug targets. While FFA have long been considered byproducts of cell metabolism, they are now recognized as ligands that regulate cell and tissue function via G-protein-coupled receptors. At least three receptors have been identified for which FFA appear to be the endogenous ligands.
Download or read book Diabetes in Pregnancy written by Lisa E. Moore and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-18 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive and easily accessible reference for physicians caring for pregnant women with diabetes. Covering patients with type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes, this handbook offers guidance on the different methods of treatment necessary for each population. Chapters cover the entire scope of patient care, including: diagnosis, patient education, dietary recommendations, medications, management during labor, potential fetal complications, and postpartum management. Obstetricians, gynecologists, primary care physicians, and residents will use this text to quickly answer any question they have on diabetes and pregnancy.
Download or read book Early Life Nutrition and Future Health written by Kristin Connor and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-02-14 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inequity starts before birth and is programmed in part by nutritional exposures. If these exposures occur around the time of conception, during pregnancy, and/or in infancy or childhood (all critical periods of development) they may alter a child’s health trajectory and impact risk for impaired cognition and learning, and cardiometabolic, immune, and neuropsychiatric diseases and disorders. This Special Issue on “Early Life Nutrition and Future Health” has the following aims: 1) understand the origins of offspring health inequities from an early nutritional perspective; 2) uncover new insights into the environmental, biological, and social mechanisms that underpin these health outcomes in offspring; and 3) present novel targets and approaches to optimise health trajectories and prevent chronic diseases and disorders in later life and across generations. The research projects included herein highlight novel mechanistic, epidemiologic, and intervention studies that target key windows where nutrition has the greatest influence on future health (preconception, prenatal, and postnatal periods) and that explore vulnerable populations and animal models of early life nutritional programming.
Download or read book Regulation of Body Weight written by Claude Bouchard and published by . This book was released on 1996-06-19 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fact that about 30-40% of the adults in the Western world are overweight or obese testifies to the frequency of the disturbances in body weight regulation. Scientists have established that caloric intake, macronutrient composition of the diet, basal and resting metabolic rate, thermic response to food, energy expenditure associated with movement and physical activity, and preferential storage of the surplus of calories as fat or lean tissues are critical determinants of energy balance and body weight. While much has been learned, the field is poised for major advances with the advent of a variety of imaging techniques, progress in quantitative and molecular genetics, use of transgenic rodent models and of breeding experiments with informative inbred strains, availability of stable isotopes for metabolic and behavioral studies, and a growing number of useful experimental animal and human models. This volume takes an integrative approach to obesity. It is structured around four major topics: (1) the animal and human models currently available for the study of body weight regulation with their strengths and limitations, (2) the molecular and genetic basis of the regulation of body weight, (3) the metabolic and physiological mechanisms involved, and (4) the behavioral and social determinants. The 13 background papers provide a critical overview of the present knowledge base while the group reports summarize the extensive deliberations of 38 international experts. Particular emphasis has been given to promising research areas and on the advances needed to ensure a better understanding of the biological and behavioral mechanisms of the regulation of body weight, with a particular emphasis on overweight and obesity.
Download or read book Fat Detection written by Jean-Pierre Montmayeur and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-09-14 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the State-of-the-Art in Fat Taste TransductionA bite of cheese, a few potato chips, a delectable piece of bacon - a small taste of high-fat foods often draws you back for more. But why are fatty foods so appealing? Why do we crave them? Fat Detection: Taste, Texture, and Post Ingestive Effects covers the many factors responsible for the se
Download or read book The Maternal Brain written by J. A. Russell and published by Elsevier Science & Technology. This book was released on 2001 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The adaptive changes within the central nervous system that prepare the body for the physiological requirements of pregnancy and motherhood are of major significance, and many scientists around the world are involved in elucidating these systems in humans and other mammals. The adaptive changes encompass diverse scientific disciplines, including neuroendocrinology, neuroscience and psychology; and failure of appropriate adaptation in mothers can lead to disorders that have profound and long lasting consequences for individuals and for society. This volume contains review articles written by the symposium speakers at a conference held in Bristol in July 1999 entitled: "The Maternal Brain: an International Meeting on Neurobiological and Neuroendocrine Adaptation and Disorders in Pregnancy and Postpartum". This was the first conference to address The Maternal Brain, and comprised wide ranging topics from molecular analysis of physiological systems using transgenic animals, through plasticity at the neurotransmitter and neuronal level, to the description of behavioural adaptation in terms of endocrinology, emotionality and its underlying causes, and analysis of psychosis; all in the peripartum period.
Download or read book ABC of Obesity written by Naveed Sattar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-04-08 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity is a hugely expensive and increasing problem worldwide,leading to disability, reproductive problems, depression andaccelerated metabolic and vascular diseases in a large proportionof men, women and children. The ABC of Obesity is a newguide which will aid its effective management, addressing issuessuch as dieting, exercise, self esteem, drug treatment and surgery.Recent evidence is used to highlight frequent problems, successfultreatment options, and the most common causes. Written by leading experts, this is a widely accessible text andan indispensable guide for all general practitioners, juniordoctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals who areinvolved in the treatment and research of this commoncondition.
