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Book Effects of Variation in Awareness and Reinforcement in the Conditioning of Verbal Behavior

Download or read book Effects of Variation in Awareness and Reinforcement in the Conditioning of Verbal Behavior written by Edward George Schleimer and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abbreviated introduction: It has been made clear ... that "awareness" is a significant and crucial variable in any experiment concerned with verbal operant conditioning. Within the typical verbal conditioning framework, awareness has been defined as a subject's ability to verbalize the relationship between a contingent stimulus and the response which it follows. Conceptual definitions of "awareness," however, are not made specific in the literature. The meaning of awareness, apart from the operational context in which it usually appears, is closely allied to the meaning of terms such as "cognizance" or "insight." As such, it is purely a hypothetical construct. All of these terms refer to a state of the organism wherein information is available to a degree which will permit more or less definitive purposeful action to occur. The strength of the action potential generated by this information corresponds to what is meant by a subject's degree of awareness. The extent of awareness or insight can only be measured in terms of the change in behavioral activity which may result as the awareness or insight is acquired. Considerable controversy has been stimulated by the issue of whether or not awareness is necessary in order for conditioning to occur. ... Awareness is examined in relation to its effect on the rate of conditioning, and is examined also regarding its effect on the quality of the responses produced. Since there are two levels of awareness in the experiment, the hypotheses generated are these: First, there will be a difference in the rate of conditioning produced by variation in the degree of awareness, with greater awareness producing the higher rate of conditioning; and second, there will be a difference in the quality of the response produced by variation in the degree of awareness. The higher level of awareness of the contingency and the response class, in other words, may be expected to result In a higher rate and different quality of learning than the lower level. Directional hypotheses regarding the quality of the response are not offered because of the lack of previous research evidence in this area. Reinforcement is also examined with regard to its effect on both the rate of conditioning and the quality of the conditioned response. Hence, the hypotheses generated are these: First, there will be a difference in rate of conditioning produced by variation in reinforcement from positive to negative} and second, there will be a difference in the quality of the conditioned response as reinforcement varies from positive to negative. For the most part, previous research suggests that negative reinforcement will be the more effective treatment when rate of conditioning is the dependent variable. Directional hypotheses regarding response quality are not offered. Awareness and Reinforcement. The interaction effects of these two variables are also examined with reference to the rate and quality of the conditioned response. It is expected that awareness will have different effects upon conditioning depending upon the type of reinforcement used to elicit the response. This is purely a research hypothesis since no previous research has investigated this relationship directly. With reference to the dependent variable of rate of conditioning, however, previous research would suggest that the combination of increased awareness and negative reinforcement would produce the highest rate of conditioning. Age and quality of conditioning are examined as age varies, the experimental sample of subjects being divided for this purpose at the median for age. Differential effectiveness of awareness and reinforcement may be found when the experimental samples of subjects differ in age. This is a non-directional research hypothesis Verbal Intelligence. The rate and the quality of the conditioned response are analyzed with respect to variation in the verbal (vocabulary) intelligence of the subjects. Here also, the conditioned response may be expected to vary In rate and in quality when the experimental samples differ on the criterion of intelligence. No directional hypotheses are made here because of the interactions which may occur. However, as a general effect, an increase in intelligence would presumably be associated with a higher rate of conditioning and a "higher quality" response.

Book Influence of Awareness of Reinforcement on Verbal Conditioning

Download or read book Influence of Awareness of Reinforcement on Verbal Conditioning written by Joseph B. Sidowski and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book AFHRL TR

Download or read book AFHRL TR written by Air Force Human Resources Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book The Role of Reinforcement and Awareness in Verbal Conditioning

Download or read book The Role of Reinforcement and Awareness in Verbal Conditioning written by Charles Wilbar Cobb and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Language and Language Behavior Abstracts

Download or read book Language and Language Behavior Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 1124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Verbal Behavior

Download or read book Verbal Behavior written by Burrhus Frederic Skinner and published by New York : Appleton-Century-Crofts. This book was released on 1957 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Explaining Unintended Consequences of Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior Procedures Using Behavioral Momentum Theory

Download or read book Explaining Unintended Consequences of Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior Procedures Using Behavioral Momentum Theory written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Behavioral momentum theory is a model that aids in the explanation of why behaviors that undergo popular intervention procedures, such as differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) and noncontingent reinforcement (NCR), have been found to increase in persistence and become more resistant to change, even with a reduction in frequency. The present study utilized a multiple concurrent schedule with a boy with autism who was non-verbal to increase his usage of an augmentative communication device to appropriately request for attention. Using the device was reinforced both in a context associated with reinforcement for inappropriate requests as well as in a separate context in which the inappropriate requests had never been reinforced. Then during an extinction test, discriminative stimuli from the novel context was combined with the discriminative stimuli in the target behavior context. Strengthening a response in a separate context using DRA resulted in less resistance to extinction than DRA that was implemented in a context associated with reinforcement of target behavior.

Book Cognition and the Symbolic Processes

Download or read book Cognition and the Symbolic Processes written by Walter B. Weimer and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-06-03 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1974 and taking the revolution in psycholinguistics and cognitive psychology as a point of departure, this book summarizes the lessons learned from past attempts to construct a psychology of the higher mental processes. Even more importantly, it crystallizes specific directives and research proposals that show where cognitive psychology ought to go in the future. The relationship of learning theory, linguistics, and perception to the broad field of cognition and the nature of mind and knowledge are examined in detail. Today it can be read in its historical context.

Book The Effects of Awareness on Verbal Conditioning

Download or read book The Effects of Awareness on Verbal Conditioning written by Saul Levin and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Reinforcement and Behavior

Download or read book Reinforcement and Behavior written by Jack T. Tapp and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-09-11 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reinforcement and Behavior brings together research findings and views of a number of investigators on the principles of learning and reinforcement. Their work has challenged the more traditional interpretations of the nature of the reinforcement process. Within the book, the chapters are organized from a molar level of analysis to a molecular one, not only to reflect the diversity of strategies that are being brought to bear on the problem, but also to show that the research on the nature of reinforcement transcends lines of scientific disciplines and that many different levels of analysis contribute to our understanding of the phenomenon. The first and last chapters give historical perspective to the remainder of the book by reviewing the contributions of a number of individuals who have dealt with the problem in their own work and by pointing out some of the major issues on the molar level that are still unresolved. The remaining chapters can be roughly divided into two categories. One examines the consequences of rewards on behavior in order to specify the limits of their operations and the variables which predispose organisms to be responsive to the consequences of rewards. The other deals with the neural mechanisms which underlie reinforcement and learning.

Book Verbal Conditioning Rates and Awareness as a Function of Reinforcement Value and Informational Aspects of Verbal Reinforcers

Download or read book Verbal Conditioning Rates and Awareness as a Function of Reinforcement Value and Informational Aspects of Verbal Reinforcers written by Hilmer Jon Carlson and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Performance and Awareness in Verbal Conditioning

Download or read book Performance and Awareness in Verbal Conditioning written by Thomas Daniel Kennedy and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book A Study of the Effects of Delayed Reinforcement on Verbal Conditioning

Download or read book A Study of the Effects of Delayed Reinforcement on Verbal Conditioning written by Edward R. Nepkie and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: