Download or read book Effect of Dietary Lipids on Growth and Tissue Fatty Acid Composition of the Tropical Bagrid Catfish Mystus Nemurus written by W. K. Ng and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sustainable Aquafeeds written by Jose M. Lorenzo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-11-15 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aquaculture, the youngest, fastest-growing, and most dynamic protein-producing industry, has the key advantage of efficient use of feed that allows farmed fish to be competitively priced compared with terrestrial proteins. Sustainable Aquafeeds: Technological Innovation and Novel Ingredients explores the present and future evolution of feeds, explains the current challenges for aquaculture, and considers how advances in technologies and ingredients can produce aquafoods for the increasing world population. International contributors to this book provide state-of-the-art information on the profile of the aquafeed industry, including factors affecting supplies and prices of key ingredients for aquafeed production. An entire set of chapters covers the scientific advances and feed industry initiatives in accordance with modern consumer trends, updating readers on the most promising strategies. These include the use of novel ingredients for nutrient supplementation and the enhancement of their use by genetic selection. The authors hope to inspire a collaboration of NGOs, researchers, and private partnerships to replace wild-caught ingredients by accelerating and supporting the scaling of innovative, alternative, aquaculture feed ingredients, including bacterial meals, plant-based proteins, algae, and yeast.

Download or read book Bioactive Fatty Acids as Dietary Supplements for Farmed Fish written by Sean Robert Kennedy and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current feed formulations within the aquaculture industry have tended to rely on high dietary lipid thus offsetting relatively expensive protein as a source of energy. In thisway, protein can be?spared? for synthesis of new tissue and the high lipid content can also fulfil both fish and consumer essential fatty acid (EFA) requirements. However, the main disadvantage of feeding high lipid levels to farmed fish is a surplus of fat deposition in the flesh and other important tissues, which can detrimentally impact on quality characteristics central to the human consumer. However, based on previous work in other animal models, it is entirely feasible that supplementation of the diet with bioactive fatty acids such as conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA) may mitigate the deleterious effects of feeding farmed fish high fat diets by reducing fat deposition in particular. The general objective of this research work was to test the hypothesis that CLA and/or TTA could augment growth, reduce fat deposition and enhance fatty acid composition via incorporation of these bioactive fatty acids, and increase n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) levels in the flesh of commercially important fish species such as Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). This project also considered the influence of CLA and TTA on enzymes and transcription factors thought to be pivotal in lipid metabolism and fatty acid oxidation in particular. A subsidiary aim of this research work was to investigate the immunological impact of dietary CLA and TTA administration in these fish. The results of this project have revealed that the hypothesis was only partly proved. There was no effect in growth or biometry after either CLA or TTA supplementation in any of the fish species investigated. Additionally, there were few physiologically significant effects on fat levels on fish as a result of TTA or CLA administration. However, there were a number of effects on fatty acid metabolism including inhibition of steroyl coenzyme desaturase (SCD) in cod and trout in particular and also enhancement of hepatic n-3 HUFA levels in trout. Importantly, it was determined that both TTA and CLA could be incorporated into the flesh thus providing a vehicle through which these bioactive fatty acids can be delivered to the consumer. There were also a number of beneficial effects on activity and gene expression of a number of enzymes and transcription factors thought to be fundamental to the modulation of fatty acid oxidation in particular. However, the effects on gene transcription and biochemistry had little impact at the whole body level. This research work also showed that there were no detrimental effects on immune status after supplementation with dietary CLA or TTA. Conclusively, this thesis has contributed to the overall understanding of the influence of dietary CLA and TTA in farmed fish.

Download or read book Impact of Alternative Non fish Oil Dietary Lipid Sources and Subsequent finishing on Growth and Tissue Long chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Retention in Cobia Rachycentron Canadum written by Franklin R. Woitel and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) aquaculture is poised for expansion, due in part to rapid growth rate, tolerance of culture conditions, and high market value of this species. Similar to other carnivorous marine fishes, the high monetary cost and long-range unsustainability of reliance on fish oil as the principle lipid source for cobia feeds necessitates evaluation of alternative lipid sources to spare or replace fish oil. Unfortunately, alternative lipid-based feeds may affect production performance, and typically yield fillets with reduced levels of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3). Recent research has indicated that diets rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), coupled with the application of so-called "finishing feeds" (feeds containing elevated levels of fish oil relative to grow-out feeds) at the end of the production cycle, may limit or attenuate these effects of fish oil sparing. Accordingly, I conducted two trials to evaluate the usefulness of alternative lipids and finishing in cobia culture. In the first trial, I assessed growth performance and tissue fatty acid composition of juvenile cobia fed diets (~11% lipid, ~48% protein) containing fish oil (control), or 50/50 blends of fish oil and alternative lipids (beef tallow, pork lard, partially and fully hydrogenated soy oils, and traditional soy oil) supplemented with an algal meal (to meet the 22:6n-3 requirement of cobia) for 8 weeks. Although minor differences were observed in feed intake, growth performance was otherwise equivalent among the dietary groups. Tissue fatty acid composition varied significantly among treatments, however, with alternative lipids containing higher levels of saturated (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) yielding tissue profiles that were most similar to those associated with the fish oil-based control feed. Although beef tallow and hydrogenated soybean oil were largely equivalent in terms of growth performance and fatty acid profile change, beef tallow was selected for further evaluation because of its low cost. In the second trial, beef tallow replaced fish oil in feeds at one of four substitution levels: 0% (100% fish oil), 33%, 67%, or 100% tallow (with algal 22:6n-3 meal included in all feeds as before). Juvenile cobia were raised on these feeds for 8 weeks, then switched to the 100% fish oil-based control feed for an 8-week finishing period. During finishing, subsamples of fish were collected every 2 weeks to quantify changes in tissue fatty acid profile over time as a result of finishing. In the second trial, the overall similarity of tissue fatty profiles to those in the 100% fish oil control treatment increased over the course of finishing, mostly as a result of declines in SFAs and MUFAs. These results suggest that SFA and MUFA-rich lipids, such as fully hydrogenated soy oil and beef tallow, are effective and strategically valuable as partial substitutes for fish oil in cobia feeds, and that finishing is at least partially effective in restoring cobia tissue fatty acid composition to a state approximating that of cobia fed only fish oil as dietary lipid.

Download or read book Fatty Acid Composition of Fish Oils written by Edward H Gruger and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Health Effects of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Seafoods written by National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Nutrition Coordinating Committee and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1986-09-28 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health Effects of the Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Seafoods emerged from the 1985 Proceedings of a Conference on Health Effects of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Seafoods held in Washington, D.C., spearheaded by the National Fisheries Institutes of Health (NIH), the Department of Commerce (DOC), and the National Fisheries Institute (NFI). The conference aims to review the data about the health effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids in seafood; the impact of omega-3 fatty acids on eicosanoid formation, thrombosis, and inflammation; and the role of docosahexaenoic acid in membrane function and metabolism. It also encourages the researchers to study the possible origin of the health effects of seafood in the American diet. Composed of seven parts, the book begins by discussing the summary, conclusions, and recommendations the chairman of each working groups presented during the conference. It also explains the effects of fatty acids on lipoprotein and generation of products of the 5-Lipoxygenase pathway and the membrane functioning and metabolism. Moreover, it discusses the status of the fishery industries worldwide, the different classes of lipids that contain fatty acids, and recipes with seafood as the main ingredient. This book will be of great interest to the scientists such as basic researchers, clinical investigators, and epidemiologists, as well as to health personnel and consumers.

Download or read book Dietary Nutrients Additives and Fish Health written by and published by . This book was released on 2018-05 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantity and quality of dietary fatty acids affect immune responses in fish, and there emerge to be disparity among fishes, particularly between warm and cold water species, and with temperature in response to dietary lipids. Under rigorous culture conditions, fish are subject to improved stress owing to environmental (water quality and hypoxia) and health conditions. All these factors have negative impacts on fish well-being and general performance, with subsequent financial losses. However good management accomplish contribute to reduce stressor effects, stress susceptibility is always high under crowded conditions. Adequate nutrition is vital to avoid deficiency signs, maintain satisfactory animal performance and continue normal health. Further, it is becoming evident that diets overfortified with specific nutrients at specific levels may improve health condition and disease resistance. Diet supplements are also being evaluated for their antioxidant potential, as fish are potentially at risk of peroxidative attack because of the large quantities of highly unsaturated FAs in both fish tissues and diets. This volume "Dietary Nutrients, Additives and Fish Health" is packed with comprehensive information of dietary nutrients, antinutritional factors and toxins, and non-nutrient dietary additives, and their effects on fish health and immune system functions. The book opens with an overview of Fish Nutrition and Current Issues in Aquaculture. Further chapters look into aquacultural safety and health, macronutrient requirements of silvery-black porgy, probiotics in aquaculture, digestive proteases in the green cichlid, lipid ratio on growth parameters of african catfish clarias gariepinus, effect of diethylstilbestrol (des) and 17 ß-estradiol (e2) on growth, survival and histological structure of the internal organs in juvenile european catfish silurus glanis, and antibiotics and their use, abuse and alternatives, growth, and more. Functional constituents other than essential nutrients (such as probiotics, prebiotics and immunostimulants) are also currently being considered in fish nutrition aiming to advance fish growth and/or feed effectiveness, health status, stress tolerance and resistance to diseases. Such products are becoming increasingly significant for reducing antibiotic utilization in aquaculture farms, as these have environmental impacts, may gather in animal tissues and increase bacterial resistance.

Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Finfish Nutrition and Fishfeed Technology written by John Emil Halver and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dietary Fatty Acids and the Stress Response of Fish written by Rogier Daniël Anholt and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Alternative Lipids in Nutrition of Marine Finfish written by Artur Nishioka Rombenso and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fish oil sparing and replacement is a major focus in the fields of aquaculture and aquaculture nutrition. Most of the commercial fish oil production is consumed by the aquafeed industry due to its highly digestible energy and elevated content of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs; ARA – 20:4n-6, EPA – 20:5n-3, and DHA – 22:6n-3), being a valuable ingredient. Given the finite supply and the growing demand for fish oil its price has increased quite drastically, leading to the search for alternative lipid sources. Generally, vegetable- and terrestrial animal-origin alternatives lack LC-PUFAs, which are physiologically important nutrients for all fish, and considered essential fatty acids for carnivorous species. When fish oil is spared or replaced by alternative lipids fish survival, growth performance, and fish health are commonly impaired if adequate levels of essential fatty acids are not provided within feeds. Additionally, fish oil sparing typically distorts fillet fatty acid profile and associated nutritional value compared to a fish oil-based diet reflecting the composition of the alternative lipid used. It is clear that to address the fish oil bottleneck in aquafeed manufacturing, researchers must understand the essential fatty acid requirements of the key commercial fish species. Fatty acid essentiality in fish has been investigated, and there is preliminary evidence that not all LC-PUFAs may be equally required, with DHA being more important, and EPA being more expendable. Whereas ARA has not been investigated in the same extent as n-3 LC-PUFAs. Additionally, certain fatty acids groupings such as saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) may influence LC-PUFAs bioavailability, and in some cases maintain or enhance LC-PUFAs deposition. The current dissertation sought to provide new knowledge regarding LC-PUFA requirements of marine carnivorous fish (White Seabass Atractoscion nobilis, California Yellowtail Seriola dorsalis and Florida Pompano Trachinotus carolinus) in the context of C18 PUFA-rich (i.e. polyunsaturated fatty acid with chain length of 18 carbon atoms) and SFA- and MUFA-rich alternative lipids. Determine if all LC-PUFAs (ARA, EPA, DHA) are equally important in meeting fatty acids requirements and also determine the effects of dietary SFA, MUFA, and C 18 PUFA content in fish oil sparing and tissue deposition of LC-PUFAs. The overall findings highlighted that DHA and ARA appear to be the primary drivers of fatty acid essentiality, whereas EPA is likely required in minor amounts. It was also demonstrated that DHA/EPA ratio had little-to-no effect on fish performance. Additionally, LC-PUFA requirements seem to be more flexible than previously assumed being influenced by dietary fatty acid profile. LC-PUFAs in marine finfish are more bioavailable in the context of SFA-/MUFA-rich alternative lipids, thus, reducing the requirements for these nutrients and allowing the fish’s physiological demand to be met with dietary levels below the minimum levels recommended. Finally, these findings suggest that although marine fish accept a variety of alternative lipids, those rich in SFAs and/or MUFAs seem advantageous in terms of limiting the effects of fish oil sparing on tissue fatty acid profiles.

Download or read book Fish Oil Sparing in Feeds for California Yellowtail Seriola Dorsalis written by Alexis M. Bergman and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sparing fish oil (FO) in aquafeeds, especially diets intended for marine carnivores, is essential for the continued economic and environmental sustainability of aquaculture. Plant- and animal-derived lipids may successfully replace FO so long as diets are otherwise formulated to contain adequate amounts of essential fatty acids, including the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) required by many marine carnivorous species. Whereas growth performance may not be affected by these alternative lipids, tissue fatty acid profiles, including that of the edible fillet products, are often distorted and contain less of the LC-PUFAs many seafood consumers desire. Saturated fatty acid (SFA)-rich lipids, such as fully hydrogenated soybean oil (SO), tend to have a less overt effect on fillet composition and LC-PUFA loss in comparison with alternative lipids rich in C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids (C18 PUFAs). However, SFA-rich lipids may be somewhat less digestible. To address this digestibility limitation, two studies were conducted to evaluate 1) increasing inclusion levels of partially hydrogenated SO (a monounsaturated fatty acid [MUFA]-rich lipid with presumably higher digestibility) in place of fully hydrogenated SO, and 2) supplementing fully hydrogenated SO-based feeds with emulsifiers as a means of enhancing diet utilization, growth performance, and fillet LC-PUFA retention in California Yellowtail (Seriola dorsalis ). In both studies, diets containing only fully hydrogenated SO yielded tissues with equivalent levels of LC-PUFAs in comparison to diets containing menhaden FO. Replacing 60% of fully hydrogenated SO with partially hydrogenated SO resulted in numeric increases in production performance (weight gain and specific growth rate [SGR]), with minimal accumulations of trans fats in edible tissues. Whereas emulsifiers including casein, whey protein, and monoglycerides can be added to SFA-rich fully hydrogenated SO diets to potentially improve digestibility, no production performance benefit was realized in California Yellowtail; the addition of mixed bile acids, however, significantly impaired performance. In summary, the use of SFA-rich fully hydrogenated SO is an effective strategy for minimizing the negative effects of FO sparing on California Yellowtail fillet composition, but limitations associated with reduced SFA digestibility must be addressed in order to optimize utilization and effectiveness of SFA-rich aquafeeds.

Download or read book Digestive Physiology and Food Intake in Marine Fish Larvae written by Sofia Morais and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-07 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A growth depressing effect of high dietary neutral lipid levels in cultured marine fish larvae has been reported. This may be the result of a decrease in the efficiency or activity of digestive enzymes, a reduction in absorption efficiency and/or a decrease in food intake. This book presents work that was carried out on commercially valuable species (Atlantic herring, Senegalese sole, European seabass and gilthead seabream), to investigate the effects of neutral lipid level and source (fatty acid composition) on some of these key factors. The results collectively indicate that lipid transport across the enterocytes may be more problematic when feeding high neutral lipid diets than lipid digestion, although both factors are likely to intervene. Results also suggest that food intake might be affected by the lipid source included in the diet. Therefore, the neutral lipid level in diets for marine fish larvae has a significant impact in several factors influencing growth but clearly it cannot be dissociated of its fatty acid composition, which appears to play a central role on the nutritional and physiological effects of dietary lipid, at the ingestion, digestion and absorption levels.

Download or read book Dietary Fish Oil written by María Elena Zúñiga Saldierna and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Dietary Fats on Fatty Acid Composition of Membrane Phospholipids and Drug Toxicity written by Jinah Hwang and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effect of Dietary Lipid and of Starvation on Fatty Acid Content of Shrimp written by Esperanza Molina Fitch and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract.

Download or read book L Carnitine and Energy Metabolism in Aquaculture written by Rodrigo Ozorio and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study it was assessed the effects of dietary L-Carnitine on lipid metabolism in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell). The working hypotheses of this book were the following. Firstly, growth and fatty acid concentrations in fish are positively related to dietary carnitine levels. Carnitine supplementation is expected to increase fatty acid oxidation and as a result lean tissue content will increase. Secondly, one may expect that nutritional conditions that result in decreased carnitine synthesis will enhance the effect of dietary carnitine. Thirdly, the increased lipid oxidation, resulting from the extra dietary carnitine, may favour the protein-sparing effect. Finally, extra dietary carnitine may improve the energy status of the working muscle, thus protecting it against sudden energy depletion, often experienced by fish exposed to prolonged exercise. In conclusion, dietary carnitine supplementation altered the non-protein energy metabolism and decreased postprandial ammonia excretion. Factors that modulate the action of dietary carnitine is discussed in this book.