Download or read book Effect of Decentralization Strategy on Macroeconomic Stability in Thailand written by Kanokpan Lao-Araya and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines how the Thai central gov't. (TCG) can finance decentralization and make local gov'ts. (LG) accountable for their own finances. The TCG medium-term fiscal stance is not conducive to planned fiscal decentralization, and LG will not assume responsibility for providing public services previously provided by the TCG. This study proposes that the TCG must increase the value added tax rate over. Thailand has adopted an unbalanced approach to fiscal decent'n. LG are guaranteed rev. from transfers from the CG but need not assume increased respon'y. for providing public serv. This encourages LG to spend irresponsibly in expectation of bailouts by the TCG. This study recommends that the TCG impose budget constraints on LG.

Download or read book On the Measurement and Impact of Fiscal Decentralization written by Robert D. Ebel and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2002 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Political Economy of Democratic Decentralization written by James Manor and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly all countries worldwide are now experimenting with decentralization. Their motivation are diverse. Many countries are decentralizing because they believe this can help stimulate economic growth or reduce rural poverty, goals central government interventions have failed to achieve. Some countries see it as a way to strengthen civil society and deepen democracy. Some perceive it as a way to off-load expensive responsibilities onto lower level governments. Thus, decentralization is seen as a solution to many different kinds of problems. This report examines the origins and implications decentralization from a political economy perspective, with a focus on its promise and limitations. It explores why countries have often chosen not to decentralize, even when evidence suggests that doing so would be in the interests of the government. It seeks to explain why since the early 1980s many countries have undertaken some form of decentralization. This report also evaluates the evidence to understand where decentralization has considerable promise and where it does not. It identifies conditions needed for decentralization to succeed. It identifies the ways in which decentralization can promote rural development. And it names the goals which decentralization will probably not help achieve.

Download or read book ERD Working Paper Series written by and published by DIANE Publishing Inc.. This book was released on with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Decentralization Policies in Asian Development written by Shinichi Ichimura and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2009 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the important topic of fiscal decentralization in Asian countries, and focuses on how government finance and administration are being reformed to bring budgetary decisions closer to voters. The focus on Asia is especially important because all countries in this region have been undergoing serious fiscal reforms in the past decade. They include one of the biggest decentralization reforms in Indonesia, significant reforms in democratic Philippines and Vietnam which are in transition, and Japan, whose fiscal reconstruction program is covered extensively. India and China, which are also covered, are very special cases because of their size and because their policies must fit decentralization into a significant economic growth scenario.

Download or read book Labor Market Distortions Rural Urban Inequality and the Opening of the People s Republic of China Economy written by Thomas Hertel and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2008-05 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evaluates the impact of some key factor market reforms on rural-urban inequality & income distribution, using a household-disaggregated, recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium model of the People¿s Republic of China. It also explores how these factor market reforms interact with product market reforms currently under way as part of the country¿s World Trade Org. (WTO) accession process. The simulation results show that reforms in the rural land rental market & hukou system, as well as increasing off-farm labor mobility, would reduce the urban-rural income ratio dramatically. Furthermore, the combination of WTO accession & factor market reforms improves both efficiency & equality significantly. Charts, tables & graphs.

Download or read book From Bureaucracy to Hyperarchy in Netcentric and Quick Learning Organizations written by Lawrence R. Jones and published by IAP. This book was released on 2007-02-01 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the inherent contradiction between bureaucracy, hierarchy, and the vision inspired by the architecture of modern information technology of a more egalitarian culture in public organizations. We agree with Evans and Wurster and others who have argued that, in the future, knowledge-based productive relationships will be designed around fluid, teambased collaborative communities, either within organizations (i.e., deconstructed value chains), or in collaborative alliances such as those with "amorphous and permeable corporate boundaries characteristic of companies in the Silicon Valley" that is, deconstructed supply chains. In such relationships everyone can communicate richly with everyone else on the basis of shared standards and, like the Internet itself, these relationships will eliminate the need to channel information, thereby eliminating the trade-off between information bandwidth and connectivity. "The possibility (or the threat) of random access and information symmetry," they conclude, "will destroy all hierarchies, whether of logic or power."

Download or read book Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction in Viet Nam written by Arsenio M. Balisacan and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011-04 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Viet Nam's dramatic transition and growth in the 1990s have been attributed to a series of reforms, known as "doi moi," which began in the late 1980s. Economic growth of nearly 8% yearly benefited the poor and reduced poverty from 61% in 1993 to 37% in 1998. The proportionate increases in the incomes of the poorest quintile were appreciably larger than those of the top 20 or 40% of the population. This result is at variance with typical findings for other countries, which indicate that welfare gains from growth are smallest for the lowest quintile and rise with income group. The results for Viet Nam suggest that the faster the growth rate, the lesser becomes the role of distributive factors that directly influence the poor's well-being. A print on demand report.

Download or read book Dangers of Decentralization written by Remy Prud'homme and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1994 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demand for decentralization is strong in most parts of the world. This close look at the negative side effects of improperly appled decentralization is not an attack on decentralization but an effort to prevent its misapplication -- and to promote fuller understanding and wiser use of this potentially desirable policy.

Download or read book Rethinking Decentralization in Developing Countries written by Jennie Ilene Litvack and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an effort to reduce poverty and improve nutrition, this Bank operation assisted the Indian program Operation Flood to develop the dairy industry in India. This study examines the policy changes instituted to support the aid flow to the dairy sector and discusses the lessons learned and benefits realized through improved dairy production. It also presents suggestions for improvement. This program differs from other Bank efforts in that it focuses on a single commodity to alleviate poverty and raise living standards.

Download or read book Lessons for Effective Fiscal Decentralization in Sub Saharan Africa written by Mr.Niko A Hobdari and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-07-06 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fiscal decentralization is becoming a pressing issue in a number of countries in sub-Saharan Africa, reflecting demands for a greater local voice in spending decisions and efforts to strengthen social cohesion. Against this backdrop, this paper seeks to distill the lessons for an effective fiscal decentralization reform, focusing on the macroeconomic aspects. The main findings for sub-Saharan African countries that have decentralized, based on an empirical analysis and four case studies (Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda), are as follows: • Determinants and effectiveness: Empirical results suggest that (1) the major driving forces behind fiscal decentralization in sub-Saharan Africa include efforts to defuse ethnic conflicts, the initial level of income, and the urban-ization rate, whereas strength of democracy is not an important determi-nant for decentralization; and (2) decentralization in sub-Saharan Africa is associated with higher growth in the presence of stronger institutions. • Spending assignments: The allocation of spending across levels of gov-ernment in the four case studies is broadly consistent with best practice. However, in Uganda, unlike in the other three case studies, subnational governments have little flexibility to make spending decisions as a result of a deconcentrated rather than a devolved system of government. • Own revenue: The assignment of taxing powers is broadly in line with best practice in the four case studies, with the bulk of subnational revenue coming from property taxes and from fees for local services. However, own revenues are a very small fraction of subnational spending, reflecting weak cadaster systems and a high level of informality in the economy.

Download or read book Decentralization in Developing Countries written by Dennis A. Rondinelli and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Institutional Change in Southeast Asia written by Fredrik Sjöholm and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Institutional Change in Southeast Asiaexamines the institutional changes taking place in, and challenges facing, the region since 1997. The book focuses on determinants to the adjustments and on implementations of the reforms. It also describes various differences in the reform process between countries in the region. Southeast Asia's economic development over the last decades has been impressive. Most of the region achieved consistently high growth rates accompanied by significant structural transformation and industrialization, poverty alleviation and improvements in their overall standard of living as indicated by such social indicators as greater longevity, more widespread delivery of basic education and lower infant mortality rates. However, the crisis that struck Southeast Asia in 1997 had severe economic, social and political consequences in the region. It also threw into doubt the future economic prosperity of the countries in Southeast Asia and raised intriguing questions about the quality of their institutions and their approach to economic development. Sjöholm and Tongzon argue that the economies of Southeast Asia need to reform their institutions if the previous rapid development is to continue. The institutional weaknesses have been addressed to different degrees and with different success in the affected countries. Against the backdrop of Southeast Asia's importance in the world economy, it is hardly possible to overestimate the need to understand this process of change.

Download or read book Practices of Poverty Measurement and Poverty Profile of Nepal written by Devendra Chhetry and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2009-03 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews the poverty measuring practices, available measures of poverty, and economic growth figures of Nepal. The poverty rates for FY 1976-77, 1984-85, and 1995-96 are found to be not comparable due to change in methodology over time. The three poverty rates average 40%. Nepal has experienced high economic growth during the 7th (1985-86 to 1989-90) and 8th (1992-93 to 1996-97) Plan periods with no strong evidences of poverty reduction. This incompatible result is partially explained by comparing growth of the agricultural sector with the role of the sector in providing employment and income generation at the household level, and by comparing social indicators particularly literacy rate with the growth of the nonagricultural sector. Tables.

Download or read book Sources of Economic Growth written by Mr.Abdelhak Senhadji and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1999-06-01 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A growth accounting exercise is conducted for 88 countries for 1960-94 to examine the source of cross-country differences in total factor productivity (TFP) levels. Two differences distinguish this analysis from that of the related literature. First, the critical technology parameter—the share of physical capital in real output—is econometrically estimated and the usual assumption of identical technology across regions is relaxed. Second, while the few studies on the determinants of cross-country differences in TFP have focused on growth rates of real output this analysis is on levels. Recent theoretical as well as empirical arguments point to the level of TFP as the more relevant variable to explain.

Download or read book Measuring Competitiveness in the World s Smallest Economies written by Ganeshan Wignaraja and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2008-05 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Attempts to measure competitiveness (CP) across countries have typically neglected the world¿s smallest economies. Hence, a simple composite index, the Small State Manufactured Export CP Index or SSMECI, was developed to benchmark industrial CP. The SSMECI represents the first attempt to provide a comprehensive picture of the CP performance of small states. The performance of small states varies across geographical regions, income groups, & country size classes. High-performing small states had better macroeconomic conditions, higher levels of foreign invest., more trade openness, better levels of educ., & modern infrastructure. A coherent, market-oriented CP strategy in small states is vital to success on international markets. Tables.

Download or read book Citizens in Charge written by Isabel Licha and published by IDB. This book was released on 2004 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Takes a close look at people's involvement in the new framework of state decentralization. By focusing on the potential as well as the limitations of citizens managing local budgets, the goal is to improve the process of democratization of the state and society. The contributors explore the achievements of the process of decentralization, which is the backdrop for the emerging process of citizen participation in public decisionmaking at the local government level. The volume approaches this issue from a general perspective and up close through case studies. The broad perspective generates a framework for analytical understanding of fiscal decentralization and participation. The case studies highlight local experiences in East Asia - Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines - and Latin America - Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, and Peru. Each case illustrates a particular leadership style and type of participation. Important similarities emerge in the areas of trust, political will, unity among actors, intergovernmental coordination, capacity of government and citizen organizations to generate participatory public policies, and redistribution of power and responsibility between the state and civil society."--Publisher's web site.