Download or read book Effect of Corrosion Inhibitors on Conductivity of Aviation Turbine Fuel written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is the result of an investigation to determine the effects of corrosion inhibitors on the conductivity of aviation turbine fuel. Fourteen inhibitors were examined for their effects on JP-4 (and other fuels) with three different anti-static additives. Three of the fourteen corrosion inhibitors significantly decreased the conductivity of the fuel with anti-static additive. Of these three inhibitors, one showed a decrease in conductivity of more than 40% when blended with STADIS 450 anti-static additive. This study resulted in a change of the Qualified Products List (QPL) for corrosion inhibitors. Keywords: Electrical conductivity.
Download or read book Electrochemical Corrosion Effects of Ethanol Based Fuel on General Aviation Aircraft Fuel System Components written by Tieling Xie and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The replacement of lead additives in aviation fuels with non-leaded alternatives is of great interest to the aviation community. Ethanol, which may be derived from renewable resources, has been suggested as an octane-enhancing additive for general aviation fuel. Besides the consideration of the additive's performance in meeting the requirements of aircraft engine combustion characteristics, there is also a concern about the material compatibility of ethanol fuels with respect to fuel system components consisting of metallic and polymer materials. This research project focuses on the effects of ethanol based fuels on the corrosion of metal components in fuel systems of general aviation aircraft. The types of metals that are studied include aluminum, brass and steel. Blends of gasoline that were tested were mixed with 10% to 85% ethanol by volume. The potential for corrosion to occur was determined through conventional weight loss methods and electrochemical measurements. By applying the principles of kinetics to the electrochemical reaction, the rate of corrosion was determined. Potentiodynamic polarization electrochemical techniques were used to determine the corrosion rates of metals exposed to various ethanol based fuels. Tafel extrapolation and linear polarization were correlated to corrosion rates. Impurities of water, chloride ion, and hydrogen ion were studied for their effect on the corrosion rate. Planned-interval tests were performed to investigate the change of the corrosive characteristics of metal and the change of the corrosiveness of the ethanol based fuels. Finally, DCI-11 from Octel-Starreon, was chosen to study the mechanism of commercial corrosion inhibitors. An observation was made that ethanol based fuels can create corrosion problems to some metal aircraft components. The inhibitor tested was effective in protection for fuel containing high percentages of ethanol. A correlation has been developed between observed metallic corrosion and fuel conductivity. The use of a corrosion inhibitor, conductivity measurements, and non-destructive component inspections should be incorporated in any future regulations intended to approve the use of ethanol based fuels in the existing fleet of general aviation aircraft.
Download or read book Aircraft Turbine Engine Fuel Corrosion Inhibitors and Their Effects on Fuel Properties written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report discusses the effects of corrosion inhibitors on the thermal stability, filterability, and lubricity of aircraft turbine engine fuels.
Download or read book Effect of Corrosion Inhibitors on Jet Fuel Filtration written by G. W. McLaren and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corrosion inhibitors in JP-4 interact with metals such as iron and zinc to form gelatinous precipitates which give rise to filtration difficulties. The problem is minimal in the absence of free water and is more severe in the presence of sea water than distilled water. Anti-icing additive aggravates the filter plugging phenomenon. All seven corrosion inhibitors currently approved for use in JP-4 exhibited filter plugging but some were much worse than others.
Download or read book Effect of Corrosion Inhibitors on Lubricity as Measured by the Ball On Cylinder Instrument written by Lourdes Q. Maurice and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is an investigation to determine the effects of corrosion inhibitors on the lubricity of different types of fuels. The lubricity level of each fuel sample was measured using the Interav Ball-on-Cylinder Tester. The three most common inhibitors currently used by the Air Force (herein referred to as Corrosion Inhibitors C1, C2 and C3) were tested in petroleum and shale JP-4, JP-8 and isopar with and without other additives present. 'Normalization' procedures were used to evaluate inhibitor effectiveness relative to the wear scar of clay-treated fuels. Other additives were found to have effects on lubricity of fuel with corrosion inhibitor. Temperature variations of 13 degrees C had only a slight effect on fuel lubricity. Keywords: Jet fuel. (JG).
Download or read book Effects of Various Corrosion Inhibitors Lubricity CI LI on Fuel Filtration Performance written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research had been performed by an industry cooperative program determining the effects of various military aviation fuel additives on filtration performance. One of the conclusions of this research was DCI 4A corrosion inhibitor has detrimental effects on water separation performance of fuel-water separators. The objective of this project was to verify previous research's conclusions that DCI 4A corrosion inhibitor caused detrimental water removal effects. API/IP 1581 5th Edition C-model filter-water separators were evaluated using DCI 4A corrosion inhibitor at 15, 10, 5, and 0 mg/L with duplicates at 5 and 0 mg/L. All data supports the conclusion that the lower the DCI 4A corrosion inhibitor concentration, the less impact this additive has on water separation performance. Results with only static dissipater (Stadis 450) and fuel system icing inhibitor (Di-egme) generate on specification data similar to Jet A that contains no additives.
Download or read book Annual Department of Defense Bibliography of Logistics Studies and Related Documents written by United States. Defense Logistics Studies Information Exchange and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 1120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aviation Turbine Fuel Lubricity Evaluation of Corrosion Inhibitors written by Air Force Aero Propulsion Laboratory (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electrochemical Corrosion Effects of Ethanol Based Fuel on General Aviation Aircraft Fuel System Components written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The replacement of lead additives in aviation fuels with non-leaded alternatives is of great interest to the aviation community. Ethanol, which may be derived from renewable resources, has been suggested as an octane-enhancing additive for general aviation fuel. Besides the consideration of the additive?s performance in meeting the requirements of aircraft engine combustion characteristics, there is also a concern about the material compatibility of ethanol fuels with respect to fuel system components consisting of metallic and polymer materials. This research project focuses on the effects of ethanol based fuels on the corrosion of metal components in fuel systems of general aviation aircraft. The types of metals that are studied include aluminum, brass and steel. Blends of gasoline that were tested were mixed with 10% to 85% ethanol by volume. The potential for corrosion to occur was determined through conventional weight loss methods and electrochemical measurements. By applying the principles of kinetics to the electrochemical reaction, the rate of corrosion was determined. Potentiodynamic polarization electrochemical techniques were used to determine the corrosion rates of metals exposed to various ethanol based fuels. Tafel extrapolation and linear polarization were correlated to corrosion rates. Impurities of water, chloride ion, and hydrogen ion were studied for their effect on the corrosion rate. Planned-interval tests were performed to investigate the change of the corrosive characteristics of metal and the change of the corrosiveness of the ethanol based fuels. Finally, DCI-11 from Octel-Starreon, was chosen to study the mechanism of commercial corrosion inhibitors. An observation was made that ethanol based fuels can create corrosion problems to some metal aircraft components. The inhibitor tested was effective in protection for fuel containing high percentages of ethanol. A correlation has been developed between observed metallic corrosion and fuel cond.
Download or read book Lubricity Testing of Corrosion Inhibitors lubricity Enhancers Approved for Aviation Turbine Fuel Specifications written by W. G. Blundell and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quantitative Determination of Corrosion Inhibitor Levels in Jet Fuels by HPLC written by Margaret A. Wechter and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corrosion inhibitors are mandatory additives which are added to Navy Jet fuels to reduce corrosion of transfer lines and storage tanks. In addition, they are known to enhance lubricity properties of hydro-treated fuels. It is known that, as fuels pass through transfer lines or are stored, the level of corrosion inhibitor present decreases and with this decrease there is a corresponding decrease in both the corrosion protection and the lubricity characteristics of the fuel. Since there are potentially deleterious effects resulting from a decrease in corrosion inhibitor concentrations, a method of quantifying their concentrations was desired in order to be able to make appropriate after market adjustments to fuels. Thus, the ultimate goal of this project was to develop and analytical method to quantitaively determine the amount of corrosion inhibitor present in fuel samples. A secondary goal was to gain more specific experimental evidence regarding the fate of the inhibitors. A method which efficiently extracts nine of the military approved commercial corrosion inhibitors from aircraft turbine fuels and qualitatively and quantitatively determines them by gel permeation chromatography is described. Additive concentration for quantitation ranges between 1 and 35 ppm (V/V). In addition the fate of the corrosion inhibitors at these concentrations in fuel was examined in the presence of steel surfaces, fresh water and sea water.
Download or read book Aviation Turbine Fuel Lubricity Evaluation of Corrosion Inhibitors written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes the evaluation of the effectiveness of corrosion inhibitors as fuel lubricity agents. The study was conducted with the Furey Ball-on-Cylinder. In the study, the eleven corrosion inhibitors from QPL- 25017-9 were evaluated as lubricity agents in three base fluids, at various concentrations, and at the two base fluid temperatures of 75F and 150F. The rank effectiveness of the inhibitors correlated for the following two cases: (1) The inhibitors at their maximum allowable concentration in the three base fluids at 75F. (2) The inhibitors at three concentrations in the same base fluid at 75F. The rank effectiveness of the inhibitors did not correlate for the case where the corrosion inhibitors were at their maximum allowable concentrations in the same base fluid but at the two different temperatures of 75F and 150F.
Download or read book Effect of Corrosion Inhibitors on Fuel Behavior in Filter Separator Life Tests written by Robert K. Johnston and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Single-element filter-separator tests were conducted to study the effects of fuel corrosion inhibitors on element performance in removing water and solid contaminants from jet fuel. Most of the tests were 'life tests' of 125 hr in which a fuel supply of about 12,000 gal was pumped through the element at 20 gpm in 8-hr cycles, with continuous injection of red iron oxide at a concentration of 0.33 mg/l in the fuel upstream of the test element. This contamination level is typical of fuel encountered by filter-separator elements in field service. The coalescing ability of the test element was checked periodically by injecting water upstream of the element. All corrosion inhibitors that were tested did impair element performance as measured by downstream fuel cleanliness and by element plugging rate, and also gave decreases in the fuel's WSIM (water-separometer rating) and fuel-water interfacial tension. Based on the criteria used in qualifying filter-separator elements under current specifications, most tests indicated element failure. Element failure modes in order of decreasing frequency were coalescence failure, filtration failure, and solids retention failure (plugging). Samples taken at time of transient flow disturbance such as the start of fuel flow or water injection showed increased contaminant levels in the downstream fuel. (Author).
Download or read book Handbook of Petroleum Product Analysis written by James G. Speight and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-02-02 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduces the reader to the production of the products in a refinery • Introduces the reader to the types of test methods applied to petroleum products, including the need for specifications • Provides detailed explanations for accurately analyzing and characterizing modern petroleum products • Rewritten to include new and evolving test methods • Updates on the evolving test methods and new test methods as well as the various environmental regulations are presented
Download or read book Monitoring Water in the 1990 s written by Jack R. Hall and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1991 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers of the Denver, Colo. meeting in June 1990 address topics apposite to industrial, governmental, and environmental scientists concerned with water quality. Includes chapters on radiochemical analysis, inorganic constituents of water, methods for organics detection, sediments, microbiology, oil.
Download or read book Biojet Fuel in Aviation Applications written by Cheng Tung Chong and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-06-27 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biojet fuels have the potential to make an important contribution towards decarbonising the aviation sector. Biojet Fuel in Aviation Applications: Production, Usage and Impact of Biofuels covers all aspects of this sustainable aviation fuel including aviation biofuel public policies, production technologies, physico-chemical properties, combustion performances, techno-economics of sustainable fuel production, sustainability and energywater-food (EWF) nexus. This must-have book also charts the current state of the industry by discussing the relevant industry players who are currently producing alternative aviation fuels and flight tests, while also providing a glimpse of the future of the industry. This comprehensive book is written for undergraduate students, postgraduate students, researchers, engineers and policy makers wanting to build up knowledge in the specific area of biojet fuel or the broader fields of sustainable energy and aeronautics. Reviews major aviation and biojet fuel policies, legislations, initiatives and roadmaps around the world Features existing and emerging biojet fuel production pathways from various feedstocks Highlights the key properties of biojet fuels that ensures inter-operability with conventional jet aviation fuel Discusses the economic aspects of the biojet fuel industry and the barriers preventing its commercialisation Examines the sustainability of biojet fuel from a life cycle assessment, energy balance and EWF nexus point of views
Download or read book Petroleum Refining written by Mark J. Kaiser and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-09-11 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For four decades, Petroleum Refining has guided thousands of readers toward a reliable understanding of the field, and through the years has become the standard text in many schools and universities around the world offering petroleum refining classes, for self-study, training, and as a reference for industry professionals. The sixth edition of this perennial bestseller continues in the tradition set by Jim Gary as the most modern and authoritative guide in the field. Updated and expanded to reflect new technologies, methods, and topics, the book includes new discussion on the business and economics of refining, cost estimation and complexity, crude origins and properties, fuel specifications, and updates on technology, process units, and catalysts. The first half of the book is written for a general audience to introduce the primary economic and market characteristics of the industry and to describe the inputs and outputs of refining. Most of this material is new to this edition and can be read independently or in parallel with the rest of the text. In the second half of the book, a technical review of the main process units of a refinery is provided, beginning with distillation and covering each of the primary conversion and treatment processes. Much of this material was reorganized, updated, and rewritten with greater emphasis on reaction chemistry and the role of catalysis in applications. Petroleum Refining: Technology, Economics, and Markets is a book written for users, the practitioners of refining, and all those who want to learn more about the field.
