Download or read book Effect of Climate Change on Nutrient Uptake and Nutrient uptake Proteins in Roots written by Deepesh Raj Bista and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), which are increasing due to human activities, might reach 500-900 ppm by 2100, and this will typically increase plant growth and reproduction. However, with increases in CO2, the Earth's surface temperature also will increase, which will cause many regions of the Earth to experience increases in evapo-transpiration and increases in the frequency, intensity, and duration of drought. In addition to decreasing plant growth and reproduction, drought also decreases the concentration (%) of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) in plant tissues. The growth of plants in elevated CO2, compared to current levels, also decreases plant %N and %P, but such decreases might be offset by increased fertilization. I investigated if declines in plant nutrient concentration during drought or with elevated CO2 were associated with decreases in the rate at which roots take up nutrients from the soil, and if this is related to the concentration of the major nutrient-uptake proteins found in roots- something that has never been investigated. In my first study, I found that drought reduced %N and %P in roots and shoots, and this decrease was associated with decreases in root N- and P-uptake rate and a decrease in the concentration of the major P-, but not N-, uptake protein in roots. In my second study, both drought and elevated CO2 decreased plant %N and %P in most cases, and their effects were additive for shoot tissue. Root N- and P-uptake rates were strongly decreased by drought, but were not significantly affected by CO2. Moreover, elevated CO2 exacerbated the decrease in plant nutrient concentration during drought, despite increasing the expression or activity of nutrient-uptake proteins. In my third study, I found that elevated CO2 increased biomass, but reduced %N, indicating that there was a dilution of N with elevated CO2. Root N-uptake rate was unaffected by CO2 at low N, but was decreased at high N. At low and medium N levels, high CO2 caused a decrease in the main N-uptake protein (NRT1), both per unit total root protein and per gram root, whereas NRT1 levels increased at high N with elevated CO2. Thus, decreases in plant N concentration, and hence food quality, with elevated CO2 were not caused by decreases in the concentration of N-uptake proteins in roots, and increases in NRT1 at high N could not prevent a decrease in %N at high CO2. So, if we "connect the dots", the above results indicate that increases drought stress with climate change will decrease plant nutrient concentration, and hence food quality, at least in part, by decreases in the rate of nutrient uptake by roots, which is only sometimes associated with decreases in the concentration of nutrient-uptake proteins in roots. High CO2 with drought would only exacerbate the decline in plant %N and %P with drought. Moreover, improving plant nutrient concentration during drought in a high-CO2 world cannot be accomplished simply by increasing fertilizer rates or breeding crops to express higher levels of nutrient-uptake proteins.
Download or read book Effect of Acute Heat Stress on Nutrient Uptake by Plant Roots written by Anju Giri and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impact of abrupt heat stress on plant nutrient uptake is unclear, since most past studies have examined uptake under highly-artificial conditions (e.g., detached roots), which likely yielded artifactual results. Heat stress often affects roots, roots are often more heat sensitive than shoots, and global warming and increasing heat waves mean more acute heat stress for roots in the future. Hence, we are investigating effects of abrupt high temperatures (=acute heat or a heat wave), on nutrient uptake by roots, using tomato as a model system. In the current study, we grew plants at 25/20oC (day/night) (= control conditions) and then transferred some plants to 35/30oC (moderate heat) or 42/37oC (severe heat) for 6 days, after which, plants were moved back to control conditions for 7 days to monitor recovery. Samples were harvested after 1 and 6 days of heat treatment, and after 7 days of recovery (day 13), and then the concentration of major nutrient uptake proteins in roots was determined using protein-specific antibodies and ELISA. Photosynthesis was reduced by severe heat, compared to controls, and recovered within 7 days of a return to control temperatures. Roots were negatively impacted by heat (severe> moderate), as indicated by decreases in respiration, protein concentration, membrane integrity, and root mass. Root mass decreased more than shoot mass with heat stress. Total plant nutrient content, root nutrient uptake rate, and the level and, in some cases, activity of nutrient uptake proteins were decreased by both moderate and severe heat. Importantly, for most measures of function, moderately-stressed plants were able to recover within 7 d after heat, but recovery was incomplete for severely-stressed plants. Together, our results indicate that abrupt severe heat events can damage roots and decrease root nutrient uptake, by decreasing root metabolic rate, levels or activities of nutrient uptake proteins, and/or root mass.
Download or read book Climate Change and Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance written by Narendra Tuteja and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2014-02-17 with total page 1208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this ready reference, a global team of experts comprehensively cover molecular and cell biology-based approaches to the impact of increasing global temperatures on crop productivity. The work is divided into four parts. Following an introduction to the general challenges for agriculture around the globe due to climate change, part two discusses how the resulting increase of abiotic stress factors can be dealt with. The third part then outlines the different strategies and approaches to address the challenge of climate change, and the whole is rounded off by a number of specific examples of improvements to crop productivity. With its forward-looking focus on solutions, this book is an indispensable help for the agro-industry, policy makers and academia.
Download or read book Plant Responses to Drought Stress written by Ricardo Aroca and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-12 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the multiple strategies that plants have developed to cope with drought, one of the most severe environmental stresses. Experts in the field present 17 chapters, each of which focuses on a basic concept as well as the latest findings. The following major aspects are covered in the book: · Morphological and anatomical adaptations · Physiological responses · Biochemical and molecular responses · Ecophysiological responses · Responses to drought under field conditions The contributions will serve as an invaluable source of information for researchers and advanced students in the fields of plant sciences, agriculture, ecophysiology, biochemistry and molecular biology.
Download or read book Crops and Environmental Change written by Jeffrey Amthor and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-02-07 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examine important global environmental changes that will affect the future of agriculture! Here is a complete introduction to the influence of global environmental changes on the structure, function, and harvestable yield of major field crops. It gives you an in-depth look at the effects of climate change, air pollution, and soil salinization. The book provides an introduction to the ramifications, both positive and negative, of these ongoing environmental changes for present and future crop production and food supply. Crops and Environmental Change: An Introduction to Effects of Global Warming, Increasing Atmospheric CO2 and O3 Concentrations, and Soil Salinization on Crop Physiology and Yield integrates a discussion of the physiological effects of environmental change with background information on basic topics in plant physiology. Numerous charts, tables, and figures are included to assist in understanding the empirical effects of the environment on crops. Topics addressed in Crops and Environmental Change include: the effects of increasing global atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration climatic changes associated with increasing atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases the effects of increasing ozone concentrations in the lower atmosphere across large crop-growing regions soil salinization in areas of irrigated crops the causes and trajectories of ongoing environmental changes the implications of environmental changes on the future of crop production and much more! The information in this book is appropriate for newcomers to the field as well as for seasoned professionals. It is written in language accessible to those new to the area and serves as a good jumping off point for more in-depth study. And since it is organized like a traditional plant physiology textbook, it is appropriate for students in the field. For experienced professionals, it acts as a handy refresher/reference tool on the basics of plant physiology. Crops and Environmental Change is a valuable resource for anyone concerned with the future of agriculture. Make it part of your professional/teaching collection today!
Download or read book Plant Nutrition and Food Security in the Era of Climate Change written by Vinay Kumar and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-09-19 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant nutrients are the vital elements essential for plant growth and survival, with key roles in adapting to challenging environments. Each nutrient, whether required in relatively large (macronutrients) or minute concentrations (micronutrients) plays a unique role in plant life cycle. Both the insufficient and surplus concentrations of these nutrients may render negative impacts on plant growth and development and therefore their homeostasis is considered critical for optimal plant growth and yield. Plant Nutrition and Food Security in the Era of Climate Change comprehensively reviews all critical plant nutrients. Chapters include topics such as: biological roles, uptake and transport of vital nutrients in plants; an in-depth review of the roles of potassium, calcium, magnesium and trace element; molecular breeding approaches for enhanced plant nutrients; and exploring the rhizosphere microbiome for enhance nutrient availability. Written by leading experts in the field of plant biology, this is an essential read for researchers and scientists interested in plant science, agronomy, food security and environmental science. - A comprehensive review of all the important plant nutrients - Discusses plant homeostasis under natural and changing environments - Introduces novel approaches and state-of-the-art tool for enhancing the levels of targeted nutrients within plant tissues
Download or read book Essential Plant Nutrients written by M. Naeem and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-07 with total page 571 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the agricultural, commercial, and ecological future of plants in relation to mineral nutrition. It covers various topics regarding the role and importance of mineral nutrition in plants including essentiality, availability, applications, as well as their management and control strategies. Plants and plant products are increasingly important sources for the production of energy, biofuels, and biopolymers in order to replace the use of fossil fuels. The maximum genetic potential of plants can be realized successfully with a balanced mineral nutrients supply. This book explores efficient nutrient management strategies that tackle the over and under use of nutrients, check different kinds of losses from the system, and improve use efficiency of the plants. Applied and basic aspects of ecophysiology, biochemistry, and biotechnology have been adequately incorporated including pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals, agronomical, breeding and plant protection parameters, propagation and nutrients managements. This book will serve not only as an excellent reference material but also as a practical guide for readers, cultivators, students, botanists, entrepreneurs, and farmers.
Download or read book Root zone Temperature Effects on the Nutrient Uptake of Horticultural Crops written by Kimberly Anne Klock and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Application of Plant Biodiversity for Improving Nutrient Cycling written by Katja Witzel and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-11-14 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current agricultural plant production system is dominated by mono-cropping with genetically uniform cultivars. This genetic erosion has led to a displacement of locally adapted landraces and cultivars and poses a serious threat to plant productivity in stressed agro-ecosystems. The adaptation of crops to drought, heat, salinity, and low soil fertility is becoming paramount due to global climate change. Utilizing exotic or underused germplasms as a source of adaptive traits is a largely untapped way to ensure a stable yield. The task to apply biodiversity in crop production to confer food security and sustainability was acknowledged by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and reflected by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. In many parts of the world, poor soil fertility threatens yield stability. Therefore, the soil nutrient reserve must be replenished to sustain crop yield. Mineral fertilizer in excess, however, is detrimental to the environment. For instance, elevated loads of nitrogen, phosphorus, or chlorine pollute water bodies and impact on biodiversity. Major anticipated concerns for our agricultural systems are the limitation in phosphorus, temperature increase, extreme and unpredictable weather events, and salinity. Therefore, environmentally friendly strategies to optimize nutrient cycling are urgently required and this involves increasing nutrient use efficiency. In the face of climate change, it is necessary to mine crop biodiversity to increase nutrient uptake and usage, and to help implement a "Zero-Waste" concept in plant nutrition. This Research Topic is intended to provide an updated view on the use of crop biodiversity to open new avenues for improved nutrient cycling. We welcome contributions (Original Research, Review, Mini Review, and Perspective) covering any of the following aspects: - Studies on improving nutrient fluxes through control of production factors both in controlled environments and in the field (horticulture/agriculture) - Screening and application of genebank material for improved nutrient use efficiency - Studies on the effect of combining (novel) crop species (multi-cropping, intercropping, rotations, cover cropping) on crop performance and nutrient availability - Effect of mutualistic species (mycorrhiza or bacteria) on nutrient cycling; e.g. improvement of nutrient uptake and by mutualism. - Climate change-driven effects on nutrient cycling; e.g. how do different temperatures/precipitation influence nutrient cycling through soils?
Download or read book Climate Change and Crop Stress written by Arun K.Shanker and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-11-18 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate Change and Crop Stress: Molecules to Ecosystems expounds on the transitional period where science has progressed to 'post-genomics' and the gene editing era, putting field performance of crops to the forefront and challenging the production of practical applicability vs. theoretical possibility. Researchers have concentrated efforts on the effects of environmental stress conditions such as drought, heat, salinity, cold, or pathogen infection which can have a devastating impact on plant growth and yield. Designed to deliver information to combat stress both in isolation and through simultaneous crop stresses, this edited compilation provides a comprehensive view on the challenges and impacts of simultaneous stresses. Presents a multidisciplinary view of crop stresses, empowering readers to quickly align their individual experience and perspective with the broader context Combines the mechanistic aspects of stresses with the strategic aspects Presents both abiotic and biotic stresses in a single volume
Download or read book Nutrient Use Efficiency in Plants written by Malcolm J. Hawkesford and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-14 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrient Use Efficiency in Plants: Concepts and Approaches is the ninth volume in the Plant Ecophysiology series. It presents a broad overview of topics related to improvement of nutrient use efficiency of crops. Nutrient use efficiency (NUE) is a measure of how well plants use the available mineral nutrients. It can be defined as yield (biomass) per unit input (fertilizer, nutrient content). NUE is a complex trait: it depends on the ability to take up the nutrients from the soil, but also on transport, storage, mobilization, usage within the plant, and even on the environment. NUE is of particular interest as a major target for crop improvement. Improvement of NUE is an essential pre-requisite for expansion of crop production into marginal lands with low nutrient availability but also a way to reduce use of inorganic fertilizer.
Download or read book Abiotic Stress in Plants written by Arun Shanker and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-09-22 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World population is growing at an alarming rate and is anticipated to reach about six billion by the end of year 2050. On the other hand, agricultural productivity is not increasing at a required rate to keep up with the food demand. The reasons for this are water shortages, depleting soil fertility and mainly various abiotic stresses. The fast pace at which developments and novel findings that are recently taking place in the cutting edge areas of molecular biology and basic genetics, have reinforced and augmented the efficiency of science outputs in dealing with plant abiotic stresses. In depth understanding of the stresses and their effects on plants is of paramount importance to evolve effective strategies to counter them. This book is broadly dived into sections on the stresses, their mechanisms and tolerance, genetics and adaptation, and focuses on the mechanic aspects in addition to touching some adaptation features. The chief objective of the book hence is to deliver state of the art information for comprehending the nature of abiotic stress in plants. We attempted here to present a judicious mixture of outlooks in order to interest workers in all areas of plant sciences.
Download or read book Climate Change and Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance written by Narendra Tuteja and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-10-30 with total page 1105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this ready reference, a global team of experts comprehensively cover molecular and cell biology-based approaches to the impact of increasing global temperatures on crop productivity. The work is divided into four parts. Following an introduction to the general challenges for agriculture around the globe due to climate change, part two discusses how the resulting increase of abiotic stress factors can be dealt with. The third part then outlines the different strategies and approaches to address the challenge of climate change, and the whole is rounded off by a number of specific examples of improvements to crop productivity. With its forward-looking focus on solutions, this book is an indispensable help for the agro-industry, policy makers and academia.
Download or read book Roots Growth and Nutrient Uptake written by Dave Mengel and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Nutrient Availability on Root Nutrient Uptake and Carbon Exudates of Mature Tetragastris Panamensis in a Lowland Humid Tropical Forest written by Mark Ioan Ciochina and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecosystem processes are fundamentally limited by nutrient availability, but the effects of nutrient limitation or co-limitation on key processes like root nutrient uptake and carbon (C) exudation into soils is relatively unknown. New paradigms of nutrient limitation suggest that colimitation by multiple nutrients is more common than single nutrient limitation, therefore the established view that ecosystem processes are limited by phosphosus (P) in lowland tropical forests on highly weathered soils ecosystems should be revisited. Rates of nutrient uptake are of particular importance because these govern downstream plant physiological processes like photosynthesis and basic metabolism. Also, nutrient uptake is directly linked to root C exudates, which are increasingly recognized as an important plant contribution to soil C pools. Here, we explored the effect of changes in nutrient availability on root nutrient uptake in a well-studied Panamanian forest, and linked nutrient uptake to C exudates. We used a long-term factorial nutrient fertilization experiment, and focused our study on a relatively abundant canopy tree species (Tegtragastris panamensis). We found a significant interacting effect of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) on root uptake rates for ammonium, nitrate, and phosphate. Nitrogen and K added in combination produced uptake rates indistinguishable from control plots, however, N or K added individually increased the uptake rates of all nutrients compared to control and NK plots. No significant effects of N or P addition were observed on root C exudation rates. These results suggest that increased N or K availability may accelerate N and P uptake rates by roots. These results support the growing literature indicating that most ecosystem processes in tropical forests are governed by the availability of multiple nutrients, with implications for understanding plant productivity in this biome.
Download or read book Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States written by US Global Change Research Program and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2018-02-06 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As global climate change proliferates, so too do the health risks associated with the changing world around us. Called for in the President’s Climate Action Plan and put together by experts from eight different Federal agencies, The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health: A Scientific Assessment is a comprehensive report on these evolving health risks, including: Temperature-related death and illness Air quality deterioration Impacts of extreme events on human health Vector-borne diseases Climate impacts on water-related Illness Food safety, nutrition, and distribution Mental health and well-being This report summarizes scientific data in a concise and accessible fashion for the general public, providing executive summaries, key takeaways, and full-color diagrams and charts. Learn what health risks face you and your family as a result of global climate change and start preparing now with The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health.
Download or read book Nutrient Uptake by Competing Roots in Soil written by John Paul Baldwin and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
