Download or read book Effect of Acid Oxides Upon Desulfurization in the Iron manganese System written by Miles Benjamin Royer and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Report of Investigations written by and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Report of Investigations no 2002 to No 7380 written by and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Exploration of the Copper sulfur Deposit Khayyam and Stumble On Properties Prince of Wales Island Alaska written by Earl L. Fosse and published by . This book was released on 1946 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Catalog of Books and Reports in the Bureau of Mines Technical Library Pittsburgh Pa written by United States. Bureau of Mines. Technical Library, Pittsburgh and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 792 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Impact of Small Organic Acids on Iron and Manganese Mineral Transformations and the Fate of Trace Metals written by Elaine Denise Flynn and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Iron and manganese oxides are ubiquitous in soils and sediments and play a critical role in the geochemical distribution of trace elements and heavy metals through adsorption and coprecipitation. At redox interfaces, biogeochemical processes generate conditions with coexisting dissolved Fe(II) and solid-phase Fe(III). In such systems, Fe(II) induces the recrystallization of iron oxides through coupled mineral growth and dissolution due to electron transfer as oxidative adsorption of Fe(II) and reductive dissolution of Fe(III) occur. Aqueous Mn(II) adsorption onto Mn(III/IV) oxides also likely involves oxidation although likely through different mechanisms than that of the Fe system because of the potential for Mn(II)-Mn(IV) comproportionation reactions. During reactions between reduced and oxidized forms of Fe and Mn, trace metals may be redistributed among the mineral bulk, mineral surface, and aqueous solution. Many metals, including Ni and Zn, are important micronutrients but are also toxic at higher concentrations. It is important to identify the processes controlling the fate and availability of trace metals in the environment and this requires understanding the behavior and stability of Fe and Mn oxides. Small organic acids, produced as root exudates or by decomposition of organic matter in aerated soils, may potentially alter reactions involving Fe and Mn oxide minerals and trace metals through a series of cooperative or competitive processes: solution complexation, ternary surface complexation, surface site competition, ligand-promoted dissolution, and reductive dissolution. The effects of organic acids on trace metal fate in such systems is unclear because these processes may involve both trace metals and Fe or Mn oxides, and multiple processes may co-occur. The main objective of this dissertation is to determine how organic acids interacting with Fe and Mn oxides affect structural transformations of these minerals, including dissolution and recrystallization, and the resulting impact on trace metals micronutrient and contaminant fate. Three main research projects were conducted to meet this objective. First, the cooperative and competitive interactions between oxalate and Ni during adsorption to Fe oxide minerals were identified. Next, the effects of oxalate on Ni incorporation into and release from Fe oxides at pH 4 and 7 was investigated during Fe(II)-promoted recrystallization of these minerals. Finally, reductive transformations of layered Mn oxides by oxalate, citrate, and 4-hydroxybenzoate at pH 4, 5.5, and 7 were characterized as well as the associated changes in Ni and Zn adsorption extent and mechanisms. The addition of oxalate in macroscopic adsorption studies suppresses Ni uptake by goethite and hematite at pH 7. Aqueous speciation modelling indicates that this is dominantly the result of oxalate complexing and solubilizing Ni. Comparison of the Ni surface coverage to the concentration of free (uncomplexed) Ni2+ in solution suggests that oxalate also alters Ni adsorption affinity. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies indicate that these changes in binding affinity are due to the formation of Ni-oxalate ternary surface complexes. When Ni is initially structurally-incorporated into hematite and goethite, oxalate and dissolved Fe(II) each promote the release of Ni to aqueous solution at pH 4 and 7. With the co-addition of both species, the effects on Ni release are synergistic at pH 7 but inhibitory at pH 4. This suggests that cooperative and competitive interactions vary with pH. In contrast, oxalate suppresses Ni incorporation into goethite and hematite during Fe(II)-induced recrystallization. Mn oxides may undergo redox and structural changes which can weaken trace metal binding and promote metal mobility. The conditions studied to date involve Mn(II) and are most similar to those found at redox interfaces which are limited in spatial extent in nature. Aging e-MnO2 and hexagonal birnessite in the presence of small organic acids was investigated using powder X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopic measurements. Organic acids caused partial Mn reduction but did not substantially alter the phyllomanganates sheet structure nor result in transformations to Mn(III) oxyhydroxides or mixed-valent minerals. All organic acids were fully consumed, producing solid-phase Mn(II) and Mn(III) as well as dissolved Mn(II), the latter favored under acidic pH conditions. Citrate caused the greatest reduction, with its oxidation products continuing to react and near-complete mineralization observed at pH 4. These redox reactions improved stacking of the phyllomanganate sheets for e-MnO2 at pH 7 and enhanced capping of vacancy sites by cations occurred for both minerals under all conditions studied. As a result of this mineral alteration, Ni and Zn adsorption behaviors were also modified. Net metal uptake did not change substantially at pH 7 where nearly all of the Ni and Zn in the system were adsorbed to the mineral surface. However, at pH 4, adsorption of Ni and Zn decreased in the presence of the organic acids. Ni adsorption mechanisms transitioned from binding above vacancy sites to at sheet edges in the presence of citrate and 4-hydroxybenzoate, while oxalate increased binding above and in vacancy sites; citrate inhibited Ni incorporation into vacancies. Zn adsorption also transitioned to binding at weaker sites on the particle edges. The adsorption behaviors of Ni and Zn suggest that during reaction with organic acids, phyllomanganate mineral reactivities towards metals are altered by organic acids via a decrease in the vacancy content of Mn oxides. This work improves our understanding of the effect of Fe and Mn oxides in soils and aquatic systems on micronutrient availability and heavy metals sequestration. Oxalate largely enhances trace metal mobility through multiple processes occurring in solution and on Fe oxide surfaces. Similarly, phyllomanganates structural changes in the presence of oxalic, citric, and 4-hydroxybenzoate alter the reactivity of Mn oxides through Mn reduction and subtle structural changes. Overall, this dissertation demonstrates that complex interactions at Fe and Mn oxide surfaces with organic acids must be considered when evaluating micronutrient availability and contaminant sequestration in the environment.
Download or read book List of Publications Issued by the Bureau of Mines from July 1 1910 to January 1 1960 written by United States. Bureau of Mines and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 838 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book List of Publications Issued by the Bureau of Mines with Subject and Author Index written by United States. Bureau of Mines and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book United States Government Publications Monthly Catalog written by and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 1606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Catalog of Books and Reports in the Bureau of Mines Technical Library Pittsburgh Pa written by United States. Bureau of Mines. Technical Library, Pittsburgh and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bulletin written by Institution of Mining and Metallurgy (Great Britain) and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Air Pollution Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute written by Iron and Steel Institute and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes sect. "A survey of literature on the manufacture and properties of iron and steel, and kindred subjects" (title varies)
Download or read book Flue Gas Desulfurization and Industrial Minerals written by M. Michael Miller and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains 4,101 references on FGD [Flue Gas Desulfurization] ... primarily from 1982 through June 1993. Complements the "Flue Gas Desulfurization and Denitrification" bibliography published by the U.S. Dept. of Energy in Jan. 1985. References were located on the Energy, Science and Technology, Pollution Abstracts, and Environmental Bibliography databases. Primarily covers FGD and the use of industrial minerals in the desulfurization process or in by-product utilization and disposal. Emphasizes post-combustion removal of sulfur dioxide through processes such as in-duct injection and wet and dry scrubbing.
Download or read book List of Bureau of Mines Publications and Articles with Subject and Author Index written by United States. Bureau of Mines and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comprehensive Energy Systems written by Ibrahim Dincer and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-02-07 with total page 5543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Energy Systems, Seven Volume Set provides a unified source of information covering the entire spectrum of energy, one of the most significant issues humanity has to face. This comprehensive book describes traditional and novel energy systems, from single generation to multi-generation, also covering theory and applications. In addition, it also presents high-level coverage on energy policies, strategies, environmental impacts and sustainable development. No other published work covers such breadth of topics in similar depth. High-level sections include Energy Fundamentals, Energy Materials, Energy Production, Energy Conversion, and Energy Management. Offers the most comprehensive resource available on the topic of energy systems Presents an authoritative resource authored and edited by leading experts in the field Consolidates information currently scattered in publications from different research fields (engineering as well as physics, chemistry, environmental sciences and economics), thus ensuring a common standard and language
