Download or read book Ecuador 2021 Article IV Consultation Second and Third Reviews Under the Extended Arrangement Under the Extended Fund Facility Request for a Waiver of Nonobservance of Performance Criterion and Financing Assurances Review Press Release Staff Report and Statement by the Executive Director for Ecuador written by International Monetary and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-10-07 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new administration has committed to continue with the Fund-supported Extended Fund Facility (EFF) of SDR 4,615 million (661 percent of quota, about $6.5 billion) that was approved by the IMF Executive Board on September 30, 2020. The authorities’ objectives under the program are to ensure an environmental-friendly growth with high quality jobs, promote a transparent management of public resources, and ensure equity in the conduct of fiscally sustainable policies. Upon the completion of the Second and Third Reviews under the EFF, an additional SDR $568 million would be made available.
Download or read book Ecuador written by International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2023-12-04 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Executive Board approved a 27-month Extended Fund Facility (EFF) for Ecuador on September 30, 2020. The EFF supported program built on an earlier EFF arrangement in 2019, which had been canceled, and came on the heels of a Rapid Financing Instrument (RFI) purchase in 2020. With a total access of US$6.5 billion, the 2020 EFF brought Ecuador’s cumulative access to 897 percent of quota, triggering exceptional access (EA). After five purchases and with some of the reviews combined, the arrangement expired in December 2022.
Download or read book Liberia written by International Monetary Fund. African Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2020-06-12 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents Liberia’s Request for Disbursement Under the Rapid Credit Facility. The economic impact of the pandemic is hitting the poorest with little social safety net, and food security of those relying on uncertain daily income is a pressing concern. The authorities have responded by taking revenue and expenditure measures to support emergency food aid for the poor; improving monitoring and control of spending; and safeguarding scarce foreign exchange reserves. Preliminary data suggest that performance under the Extended Credit Facility-supported program has been weak, though the authorities are fully committed to address the weaknesses. In order to address the shortage of Liberian dollars and the growing need for more US dollar liquidity, the authorities have contracted the printing of additional Liberian dollar bank notes and are formulating measures for inclusion in the FY2021 budget to augment US dollar liquidity.
Download or read book The Spending Challenge of Achieving the SDGs in South Asia Lessons from India written by Mercedes García-Escribano and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-12-17 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: South Asia has experienced significant progress in improving human and physical capital over the past few decades. Within the region, India has become a global economic powerhouse with enormous development potential ahead. To foster human and economic development, India has shown a strong commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Agenda. This paper focuses on the medium-term development challenges that South Asia, and in particular India, faces to ensure substantial progress along the SDGs by 2030. We estimate the additional spending needed in critical areas of human capital (health and education) and physical capital (water and sanitation, electricity, and roads). We document progress on these five sectors for India relative to other South Asian countries and discuss implications for policy and reform.
Download or read book A Diversification Strategy for South Asia written by Weicheng Lian and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-07-30 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While South Asia has gone a long way in diversifying their economies, there is substantial scope to do more. Some countries – India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka – can build on their existing production capabilities; others – Bangladesh, Bhutan, and the Maldives – would need to undertake a more concerted push. We identify key policies from a large set of potential determinants that explain the variation in export diversification and complexity across 189 countries from 1962 to 2018. Our analysis suggests that South Asia needs to invest in infrastructure, education, and R&D, facilitate bank credit to productive companies, and open to trade in order to diversify and move up the value chains. Given the COVID-19 pandemic, investing in digital technologies as part of the infrastructure push and improving education are of even greater importance to facilitate the ability to work remotely and assist resource reallocation away from the less viable sectors.
Download or read book At A Cost The Real Effects of Thin Capitalization Rules written by Ruud A. de Mooij and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-02-05 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin capitalization rules (TCRs) aim to mitigate profit shifting by multinational corporations (MNCs) but, by raising the cost of capital for affected affiliates, can also negatively affect real investment. Exploiting unique panel data on multinational companies in 34 countries during 2006-2014, we estimate that the size of this adverse investment effect can be large, and dependent on the statutory corporate tax rate and the tightness of the safe-haven ratio. Negative investment effects are more pronounced for highly-levered firms for which TCRs are more likely to be binding.
Download or read book Chad written by International Monetary Fund. African Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-09-09 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes the effect of an IMF Staff-Monitored Program for Chad to enhance economic development. Weak institutional capacity and governance concerns have limited economic development and donor support in Chad. It is highlighted that the reduction in the nonoil primary deficit envisaged in the 2013 budget appears appropriate, but expenditures linked to the regional security situation and lower than anticipated oil revenues imply large financing needs. There are significant economic and political risks to program implementation,; the regional security situation remains volatile, and the economy is highly dependent on volatile oil revenue.
Download or read book The Sri Lankan Economy written by Prema-chandra Athukorala and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2017-10-01 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a pivotal period in Sri Lanka's economic development. The end of conflict opens a door for accelerated economic growth and poverty reduction. Reform is needed to regain momentum because fiscal imbalances and rising public debt could jeopardize macroeconomic stability. The economy would benefit from significant trade and commercial policy reform. The labor market suffers from sluggish growth of formal sector employment and from skills mismatches, which can be addressed by changes in education policy and systems. The book analyzes these and related critical constraints on the Sri Lankan economy, and proposes a set of policy reforms that would lay the foundations for more rapid and inclusive development.
Download or read book Liberia written by International Monetary Fund. African Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-07-11 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper focuses on Liberia’s Third Review Under the Extended Credit Facility (ECF) Arrangement and Request for Waiver of Nonobservance of Performance Criterion (PC) and Modification of Performance Criteria. Real GDP grew at 8.7 percent in 2013 and is projected to decline to 5.9 percent in 2014 as mining production decelerates. Most end-December 2013 PCs and indicative targets (ITs) were met, except for the PC on government revenue and the IT on external borrowing. Four out of five structural benchmarks were met on time. The IMF staff supports the completion of the third ECF review.
Download or read book Climate Change in South Asia Further Need for Mitigation and Adaptation written by Ruchir Agarwal and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-08-20 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The South Asia region is both a large contributor to climate change and also one of the regions most vulnerable to climate change. This paper provides an overview of the region’s vulnerabilities, national committments to mitigate emissions, and national policies to adapt to a changing climate. The paper also discusses policy measures that may be needed to make further progress on both mitigation and adapatation. Our analysis suggests that while substantial progress is being made, there remains scope to adopt a more cohesive strategy to achieve the region’s goals—including by improving the monitoring and tracking of adaptation spending, and by laying the groundwork to equitably increase the effective price of carbon while protecting low-income and vulnerable households in the region.
Download or read book Sierra Leone Third and Fourth Reviews Under the Extended Credit Facility Arrangement Requests for Extension and Rephasing of the Arrangement Waivers of Nonobservance of Performance Criteria and Financing Assurances Review Press Release Staff Report and Statement by the Executive Director for Sierra Leone written by International Monetary and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-08-13 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following two emergency Rapid Credit Facility disbursements in June 2020 and March 2021 to assist in addressing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Sierra Leonean authorities are committed to resuming the program supported by the Extended Credit Facility arrangement. The program is an important policy anchor for the authorities, and its main objectives—revenue mobilization, safeguarding financial stability, and addressing external vulnerabilities—remain valid. While an economic recovery is underway, driven by the mining sector, risks to the outlook are considerable and, the risk of debt distress is high but remains sustainable. This is predicated on the authorities’ ambitious fiscal adjustment and continued reliance on concessional financing and grants. External vulnerabilities are expected to persist over the medium term.
Download or read book Guide to International Master Franchise Arrangements written by International Institute for the Unification of Private Law and published by Unidroit. This book was released on 2007 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Federation Press is now the exclusive agent for Unidroit Books in Australia, New Zealand, Oceania and Asia except Japan. If you wish to purchase this book and do not live in these areas, please contact Unidroit directly. A comprehensive examination of the whole life of this type of arrangement, from the negotiation and drafting of the master franchise agreement and other associated agreements to the end of the relationship.The book deals primarily with the position of the parties directly involved, ie the franchisor and the sub-franchisor, but the position of others affected such as sub-franchisees, are covered where this is considered of particular importance.
Download or read book Does Going Tough on Banks Make the Going Get Tough Bank Liquidity Regulations Capital Requirements and Sectoral Activity written by Ms.Deniz O Igan and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2020-06-19 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether and to what extent tougher bank regulation weighs on economic growth is an open empirical question. Using data from 28 manufacturing industries in 50 countries, we explore the extent to which cross-country differences in bank liquidity and capital levels were related to differences in sectoral activity around the period of the global financial crisis. We find that industries which are more dependent on external finance, in countries where banks had higher liquidity and capital ratios, performed relatively better during the crisis, with regard to investment rates and the creation of new enterprises. This relationship, however, exists only for bank-based systems and emerging market economies. In the pre-crisis period, we find only a marginal link to bank capital. These findings survive a battery of robustness checks and provide some solid support for the tighter prudential measures introduced under Basel III.
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Corporate Law Corporate Governance and Sustainability written by Beate Sjåfjell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-12-12 with total page 758 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emerging field of corporate law, corporate governance and sustainability is one of the most dynamic and significant areas of law and policy in light of the convergence of environmental, social and economic crises that we face as a global society. Understanding the impact of the corporation on society and realizing its potential for contributing to sustainability is vital for the future of humanity. This Handbook comprehensively assesses the state-of-the-art in this field through in-depth discussion of sustainability-related problems, numerous case studies on regulatory responses implemented by jurisdictions around the world, and analyses of predominant strategies and potential drivers of change. This Handbook will be an essential reference for scholars, students, practitioners, policymakers, and general readers interested in how corporate law and governance have exacerbated global society's most pressing challenges, and how reforms to these fields can help us resolve those challenges and achieve sustainability.
Download or read book Policy Options for Supporting and Restructuring Firms Hit by the COVID 19 Crisis written by Ms. Juliana Dutra Araujo and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-02-23 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents principles that could guide the design of more targeted policy support and facilitate the restructuring of firms adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, the paper takes stock of vulnerabilities and risks in the enterprise sector and assesses countries’ preparedness to handle a large-scale restructuring of businesses. Crisis preparedness of insolvency systems is measured according to a newly designed indicator that includes five dimensions of the insolvency and restructuring regime (out-of-court restructuring, hybrid restructuring, reorganization, liquidation, and the institutional framework). Vulnerabilities tend to be more pronounced in jurisdictions with shortcomings in crisis preparedness, and those countries need to step up efforts to improve their insolvency systems.
Download or read book Cars in Europe Supply Chains and Spillovers During COVID 19 Times written by Vizhdan Boranova and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-01-14 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cars in Europe: Supply Chains and Spillovers during COVID-19 Times
Download or read book The Gambia written by International Monetary Fund. African Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-01-28 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The IMF Executive Board approved, on March 23, 2020, a 39-month Extended Credit Facility (ECF) arrangement in the amount of SDR 35 million (56.3 percent of quota) for The Gambia. The Gambia benefited from a Rapid Credit Facility (RCF) disbursement of SDR 15.55 million (25 percent of quota) approved on April 15, 2020 and is receiving debt service relief under the Catastrophe Containment and Relief Trust (CCRT) expected to total SDR 7.9 million (SDR 4.2 million of which has already been approved), to help meet heightened balance-of-payments and fiscal financing needs due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. While indicators point to a domestic weakening of the pandemic, the authorities are seeking an ECF augmentation of SDR 20 million (32.15 percent of quota) to meet balance-of-payments needs arising from fiscal measures to stimulate the economic recovery in 2021, strengthen public health preparedness, increase social spending to mitigate the effects of the pandemic. They are also requesting a waiver of nonobservance of a continuous performance criterion (a zero ceiling) on new external payment arrears of the central government.
