Download or read book Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy written by Stuart O. Schweitzer and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher description

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of the Biopharmaceutical Industry written by Patricia M. Danzon and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-04-12 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The biopharmaceutical industry has been a major driver of technological change in health care, producing unprecedented benefits for patients, cost challenges for payers, and profits for shareholders. As consumers and companies benefit from access to new drugs, policymakers around the globe seek mechanisms to control prices and expenditures commensurate with value. More recently the 1990s productivity boom of new products has turned into a productivity bust, with fewer and more modest innovations, and flat or declining revenues for innovative firms as generics replace their former blockbuster products. This timely volume examines the economics of the biopharmaceutical industry, with eighteen chapters by leading academic health economists. Part one examines the economics of biopharmaceutical innovation including determinants of the costs and returns to new drug development; how capital markets finance R&D and how costs of financing the biopharmaceutical industry compare to financing costs for other industries; the effects of safety and efficacy regulation by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and of price and reimbursement regulation on incentives for innovation; and the role of patents and regulatory exclusivities. Part two examines the market for biopharmaceuticals with chapters on prices and reimbursement in the US, the EU, and other industrialized countries, and in developing countries. It looks at the optimal design of insurance for drugs and the effects of cost sharing on spending and on health outcomes; how to measure the value of pharmaceuticals using pharmacoeconomics, including theory, practical challenges, and policy issues; how to measure pharmaceutical price growth over time and recent evidence; empirical evidence on the value of pharmaceuticals in terms of health outcomes; promotion of pharmaceuticals to physicians and consumers; the economics of vaccines; and a review of the evidence on effects of mergers, acquisitions and alliances. Each chapter summarizes the latest insights from theory and recent empirical evidence, and outlines important unanswered questions and areas for future research. Based on solid economics, it is nevertheless written in terms accessible to the general reader. The book is thus recommended reading for academic economists and non-economists, and for those in industry and policy who wish to understand the economics of this fascinating industry.

Download or read book The Changing Economics of Medical Technology written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1991-02-01 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Americans praise medical technology for saving lives and improving health. Yet, new technology is often cited as a key factor in skyrocketing medical costs. This volume, second in the Medical Innovation at the Crossroads series, examines how economic incentives for innovation are changing and what that means for the future of health care. Up-to-date with a wide variety of examples and case studies, this book explores how payment, patent, and regulatory policiesâ€"as well as the involvement of numerous government agenciesâ€"affect the introduction and use of new pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and surgical procedures. The volume also includes detailed comparisons of policies and patterns of technological innovation in Western Europe and Japan. This fact-filled and practical book will be of interest to economists, policymakers, health administrators, health care practitioners, and the concerned public.

Download or read book Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy written by Stuart O. Schweitzer and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pharmaceutical industry -- The biotechnology industry -- Generics and biosimilars -- The global pharmaceutical industry -- The demand for pharmaceuticals -- The demand for pharmaceuticals in major international markets -- Pharmaceutical prices -- Economic evaluation of new drugs -- Pricing pharmaceuticals in a world environment -- Pharmaceutical marketing -- Patent protection -- Drug approval process in the United States -- Pharmaceutical regulation in the European Union -- Pharmaceuticals and public policy : a look ahead

Download or read book Science and Innovation written by Alfonso Gambardella and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1995-03-09 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines an increasingly important phenomenon for competitiveness and innovation in industry: namely, the growing use of scientific principles in industrial research. Industrial innovation still arises from systematic trial-and-error experiments with many designs and objects, but these experiments are now being guided by a more rational understanding of phenomena. This has important implications for market structure, firm strategies, and competition. Science and innovation focuses on the pharmaceutical industry. It discusses the changes that the notable advances in the life sciences in the 1980s have brought to the strategies of drug companies, the organization of their internal research, their relationships with scientific institutions, the division of labor between large pharmaceutical firms and small research-intensive suppliers, the productivity of drug discovery, and the productivity of R&D.

Download or read book Research and Development in the Pharmaceutical Industry A CBO Study written by Congressional Budget Office and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2013-06-09 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perceptions that the pace of new-drug development has slowed and that the pharmaceutical industry is highly profitable have sparked concerns that significant problems loom for future drug development. This Congressional Budget Office (CBO) study-prepared at the request of the Senate Majority Leader-reviews basic facts about the drug industry's recent spending on research and development (R&D) and its output of new drugs. The study also examines issues relating to the costs of R&D, the federal government's role in pharmaceutical research, the performance of the pharmaceutical industry in developing innovative drugs, and the role of expected profits in private firms' decisions about investing in drug R&D. In keeping with CBO's mandate to provide objective, impartial analysis, the study makes no recommendations. David H. Austin prepared this report under the supervision of Joseph Kile and David Moore. Colin Baker provided valuable consultation...

Download or read book The Global Pharmaceutical Industry written by Daniel Hoffman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-07-06 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pharmaceutical industry, long thought of as a recession-proof investment, now faces a day of reckoning. The reasons for this impending downfall are not hard to discern. The prices the industry charges for its prescription drugs have escalated at four to five times the cost-of-living increases during the past two decades and have reached a point where 30% of Americans must choose between filling a prescription, paying for housing, and buying food. This has brought about public pressure on governments around the world to control drug prices, yet the world’s twenty largest pharma companies realized 80% of their growth as a result of exorbitant price hikes. Pharma currently enjoys its extraordinary profitability by exploiting the world’s most vulnerable populations. Yet even their ability to increase prices in the face of falling demand does not satisfy their profit demands. The breadth and depth of pharma’s marketing transgressions exceed those of any other industry and have now reached a point where authorities around the world have found it necessary to take legal action against its violations. Drastic change is needed if the pharmaceutical industry can equitably advance the health of the world’s population and regain public esteem. This book illustrates the range and extent of pharma’s violations and addresses the actions that should be implemented in order to make the drug industry a more constructive, less venal part of contemporary society. It will be of interest to researchers, academics, practitioners, and students with an interest in the pharmaceutical industry, healthcare management, regulation, and bioethics.

Download or read book Pharmaceutical Economics written by William S. Comanor and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pharmaceutical Economics begins with an investigation of the structure of the industry and its three main components: the research firms which produce innovative products; the generic drug industry and its expanding role; and the biotech industry, which is regarded as the future for pharmaceuticals. Further sections discuss topics including demand and incentives, pricing and regulation.

Download or read book Making Medicines Affordable written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-03-01 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thanks to remarkable advances in modern health care attributable to science, engineering, and medicine, it is now possible to cure or manage illnesses that were long deemed untreatable. At the same time, however, the United States is facing the vexing challenge of a seemingly uncontrolled rise in the cost of health care. Total medical expenditures are rapidly approaching 20 percent of the gross domestic product and are crowding out other priorities of national importance. The use of increasingly expensive prescription drugs is a significant part of this problem, making the cost of biopharmaceuticals a serious national concern with broad political implications. Especially with the highly visible and very large price increases for prescription drugs that have occurred in recent years, finding a way to make prescription medicinesâ€"and health care at largeâ€"more affordable for everyone has become a socioeconomic imperative. Affordability is a complex function of factors, including not just the prices of the drugs themselves, but also the details of an individual's insurance coverage and the number of medical conditions that an individual or family confronts. Therefore, any solution to the affordability issue will require considering all of these factors together. The current high and increasing costs of prescription drugsâ€"coupled with the broader trends in overall health care costsâ€"is unsustainable to society as a whole. Making Medicines Affordable examines patient access to affordable and effective therapies, with emphasis on drug pricing, inflation in the cost of drugs, and insurance design. This report explores structural and policy factors influencing drug pricing, drug access programs, the emerging role of comparative effectiveness assessments in payment policies, changing finances of medical practice with regard to drug costs and reimbursement, and measures to prevent drug shortages and foster continued innovation in drug development. It makes recommendations for policy actions that could address drug price trends, improve patient access to affordable and effective treatments, and encourage innovations that address significant needs in health care.

Download or read book Global Pharmaceuticals written by Adriana Petryna and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2006-03-15 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DIVAnthropological study of the globalization of pharmaceuticals and its effects on local cultures, health, and economics./div

Download or read book Pharmaceutical Economics and Public Policy written by Ronald Vogel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-07-25 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get a comprehensive explanation of the key economic concepts on how the pharmaceutical market functions The pharmaceutical industry has come under intense public scrutiny for the perception of product prices being too high and for concerns about research and development spending. Pharmaceutical Economics and Public Policy carefully explains the fundamentals of pharmaceutical economics while examining spending, costs, rates of return, and policies affecting the industry. This text provides a comprehensive economic analysis of the most important dimensions of the pharmaceutical market with easy-to-understand analysis of the implications of public policy. Key economic concepts necessary for understanding how the pharmaceutical market functions are clearly explained in detail. Though it is a manufacturing industry, the pharmaceutical industry has several economic aspects that make it fundamentally different from any other. Pharmaceutical Economics and Public Policy takes these sometimes confusing and difficult economic aspects within this unique industry and makes them understandable. The book is carefully referenced and includes numerous figures and tables to clearly present data. Topics in Pharmaceutical Economics and Public Policy include: policymaking—self-interest vs. public interest a pharmaceutical market overview empirical data on cost effectiveness of pharmaceutical use the economics and politics of the regulatory process the economics of patent policies pharmaceutical cost structure why price discrimination occurs in patented pharmaceuticals governmental price controls R&D expenditures sales and marketing expenditures rates of profitability in the pharmaceutical industry mergers and acquisitions and the connection to higher risk levels the future of the pharmaceutical industry Pharmaceutical Economics and Public Policy is an invaluable resource for educators, graduate students, policymakers, legislators, policy analysts, government agencies, and trade associations involved with pharmaceuticals.

Download or read book Economic Dimensions of Personalized and Precision Medicine written by Ernst R. Berndt and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2019-04-22 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Personalized and precision medicine (PPM)—the targeting of therapies according to an individual’s genetic, environmental, or lifestyle characteristics—is becoming an increasingly important approach in health care treatment and prevention. The advancement of PPM is a challenge in traditional clinical, reimbursement, and regulatory landscapes because it is costly to develop and introduces a wide range of scientific, clinical, ethical, and socioeconomic issues. PPM raises a multitude of economic issues, including how information on accurate diagnosis and treatment success will be disseminated and who will bear the cost; changes to physician training to incorporate genetics, probability and statistics, and economic considerations; questions about whether the benefits of PPM will be confined to developed countries or will diffuse to emerging economies with less developed health care systems; the effects of patient heterogeneity on cost-effectiveness analysis; and opportunities for PPM’s growth beyond treatment of acute illness, such as prevention and reversal of chronic conditions. This volume explores the intersection of the scientific, clinical, and economic factors affecting the development of PPM, including its effects on the drug pipeline, on reimbursement of PPM diagnostics and treatments, and on funding of the requisite underlying research; and it examines recent empirical applications of PPM.

Download or read book Ethics and the Pharmaceutical Industry written by Michael A. Santoro and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-10-31 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the pharmaceutical industry's notable contributions to human progress, including the development of miracle drugs for treating cancer, AIDS, and heart disease, there is a growing tension between the industry and the public. Government officials and social critics have questioned whether the multibillion-dollar industry is fulfilling its social responsibilities. This doubt has been fueled by the national debate over drug pricing and affordable healthcare, and internationally by the battles against epidemic diseases, such as AIDS, in the developing world. Debates are raging over how the industry can and should be expected to act. The contributions in this book by leading figures in industry, government, NGOs, the medical community, and academia discuss and propose solutions to the ethical dilemmas of drug industry behavior. They examine such aspects as the role of intellectual property rights and patent protection, the moral and economic requisites of research and clinical trials, drug pricing, and marketing.

Download or read book Innovation Economic Development and Intellectual Property in India and China written by Kung-Chung Liu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-06 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book analyses intellectual property codification and innovation governance in the development of six key industries in India and China. These industries are reflective of the innovation and economic development of the two economies, or of vital importance to them: the IT Industry; the film industry; the pharmaceutical industry; plant varieties and food security; the automobile industry; and peer production and the sharing economy. The analysis extends beyond the domain of IP law, and includes economics and policy analysis. The overarching concern that cuts through all chapters is an inquiry into why certain industries have developed in one country and not in the other, including: the role that state innovation policy and/or IP policy played in such development; the nature of the state innovation policy/IP policy; and whether such policy has been causal, facilitating, crippling, co-relational, or simply irrelevant. The book asks what India and China can learn from each other, and whether there is any possibility of synergy. The book provides a real-life understanding of how IP laws interact with innovation and economic development in the six selected economic sectors in China and India. The reader can also draw lessons from the success or failure of these sectors.

Download or read book A History of the Irish Pharmaceutical Industry written by Pat Mccarthy and published by . This book was released on 2021-07-23 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ireland has become a key manufacturing centre for the global pharmaceutical market and in turn pharmaceutical manufacturing is now the backbone of the Irish economy. How the industry evolved from small firms that supplied the Irish market only, a sector that was threatened by the introduction of free trade in the 1960s, to becoming a home to most of the world's leading pharma firms over the course of the last fifty years is the theme of this book. It is an Irish success story that has helped to transform Ireland. It tells how inspired leadership, an attractive investment package, and the occasional piece of luck enabled Ireland to opportunistically 'grab the future'. It was not a journey without controversy and confrontation most noticeably on environmental issues. How these disputes were resolved is a key part of this story which concludes with a look at the medium and long-term challenges to the sector.

Download or read book Handbook of Health Economics written by A J. Culyer and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-07-19 with total page 1000 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Health Economics provide an up-to-date survey of the burgeoning literature in health economics. As a relatively recent subdiscipline of economics, health economics has been remarkably successful. It has made or stimulated numerous contributions to various areas of the main discipline: the theory of human capital; the economics of insurance; principal-agent theory; asymmetric information; econometrics; the theory of incomplete markets; and the foundations of welfare economics, among others. Perhaps it has had an even greater effect outside the field of economics, introducing terms such as opportunity cost, elasticity, the margin, and the production function into medical parlance. Indeed, health economists are likely to be as heavily cited in the clinical as in the economics literature. Partly because of the large share of public resources that health care commands in almost every developed country, health policy is often a contentious and visible issue; elections have sometimes turned on issues of health policy. Showing the versatility of economic theory, health economics and health economists have usually been part of policy debates, despite the vast differences in medical care institutions across countries. The publication of the first Handbook of Health Economics marks another step in the evolution of health economics.

Download or read book Making Medicines in Africa written by Maureen Mackintosh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-02-03 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC-BY license. The importance of the pharmaceutical industry in Sub-Saharan Africa, its claim to policy priority, is rooted in the vast unmet health needs of the sub-continent. Making Medicines in Africa is a collective endeavour, by a group of contributors with a strong African and more broadly Southern presence, to find ways to link technological development, investment and industrial growth in pharmaceuticals to improve access to essential good quality medicines, as part of moving towards universal access to competent health care in Africa. The authors aim to shift the emphasis in international debate and initiatives towards sustained Africa-based and African-led initiatives to tackle this huge challenge. Without the technological, industrial, intellectual, organisational and research-related capabilities associated with competent pharmaceutical production, and without policies that pull the industrial sectors towards serving local health needs, the African sub-continent cannot generate the resources to tackle its populations' needs and demands. Research for this book has been selected as one of the 20 best examples of the impact of UK research on development. See http://www.ukcds.org.uk/the-global-impact-of-uk-research for further details.