Download or read book Economics of Pharmaceutical Development written by Giampiero Favato and published by iUniverse. This book was released on 2001 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade, the approach to strategic management of Drug Development has been progressively rationalised, in parallel to the development of financial and risk analysis quantitative models. This book examines the evolution of R&D risk-adjusted models, arguing that financial evaluation has progressively moving away from deterministic quantitative analysis, in favour of non-linear, stochastic algorithms.The relentless quest for capturing the value of Pharmaceutical Research will demand for a new emphasis on integration among disciplines and models. The application of risk adjusted evaluation models to earlier stages of the discovery process is an important area for further research and value creation.
Download or read book Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy written by Stuart O. Schweitzer and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-01 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pharmaceuticals constitute a relatively small share of the total healthcare expenditure in most developed economies, and yet they play a critical role in the ongoing debate over how best to advance, improve, and afford healthcare. Despite this, and perhaps because of this, the industry has had, for many years, an outsized claim to fame and controversy, praise and criticisms, support and condemnation. Unfortunately, many participants in the debate do not fully understand the complexities of the industry and its role in the overall healthcare system. The analytical tools of economics provide a strong foundation for a better understanding of the dynamics of the pharmaceutical industry, its contribution to health and healthcare, its dual and often conflicting priorities of affordability and innovation, as well as the various private and public policy initiatives directed at the sector. This third edition of a uniquely comprehensive and balanced examination of the industry includes several new chapters on important topics such as the full-fledged generics sector, the arrival of biosimilars or generic biological drugs, the global consolidation of manufacturers, the evolving reimbursement landscape, and the emergence of the world's most populous nations, such as China, India, and Brazil, as both suppliers and consumers of pharmaceutical products. Other chapters have been fully rewritten or extensively updated, covering such important topics as the cost efficiency of research and development, pace of new innovations, economic evaluation and value-based pricing of drugs, and public and private interventions in the industry.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of the Biopharmaceutical Industry written by Patricia M. Danzon and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-04-12 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The biopharmaceutical industry has been a major driver of technological change in health care, producing unprecedented benefits for patients, cost challenges for payers, and profits for shareholders. As consumers and companies benefit from access to new drugs, policymakers around the globe seek mechanisms to control prices and expenditures commensurate with value. More recently the 1990s productivity boom of new products has turned into a productivity bust, with fewer and more modest innovations, and flat or declining revenues for innovative firms as generics replace their former blockbuster products. This timely volume examines the economics of the biopharmaceutical industry, with eighteen chapters by leading academic health economists. Part one examines the economics of biopharmaceutical innovation including determinants of the costs and returns to new drug development; how capital markets finance R&D and how costs of financing the biopharmaceutical industry compare to financing costs for other industries; the effects of safety and efficacy regulation by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and of price and reimbursement regulation on incentives for innovation; and the role of patents and regulatory exclusivities. Part two examines the market for biopharmaceuticals with chapters on prices and reimbursement in the US, the EU, and other industrialized countries, and in developing countries. It looks at the optimal design of insurance for drugs and the effects of cost sharing on spending and on health outcomes; how to measure the value of pharmaceuticals using pharmacoeconomics, including theory, practical challenges, and policy issues; how to measure pharmaceutical price growth over time and recent evidence; empirical evidence on the value of pharmaceuticals in terms of health outcomes; promotion of pharmaceuticals to physicians and consumers; the economics of vaccines; and a review of the evidence on effects of mergers, acquisitions and alliances. Each chapter summarizes the latest insights from theory and recent empirical evidence, and outlines important unanswered questions and areas for future research. Based on solid economics, it is nevertheless written in terms accessible to the general reader. The book is thus recommended reading for academic economists and non-economists, and for those in industry and policy who wish to understand the economics of this fascinating industry.
Download or read book Pharmaceutical Economics and Public Policy written by Ronald Vogel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-07-25 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get a comprehensive explanation of the key economic concepts on how the pharmaceutical market functions The pharmaceutical industry has come under intense public scrutiny for the perception of product prices being too high and for concerns about research and development spending. Pharmaceutical Economics and Public Policy carefully explains the fundamentals of pharmaceutical economics while examining spending, costs, rates of return, and policies affecting the industry. This text provides a comprehensive economic analysis of the most important dimensions of the pharmaceutical market with easy-to-understand analysis of the implications of public policy. Key economic concepts necessary for understanding how the pharmaceutical market functions are clearly explained in detail. Though it is a manufacturing industry, the pharmaceutical industry has several economic aspects that make it fundamentally different from any other. Pharmaceutical Economics and Public Policy takes these sometimes confusing and difficult economic aspects within this unique industry and makes them understandable. The book is carefully referenced and includes numerous figures and tables to clearly present data. Topics in Pharmaceutical Economics and Public Policy include: policymaking—self-interest vs. public interest a pharmaceutical market overview empirical data on cost effectiveness of pharmaceutical use the economics and politics of the regulatory process the economics of patent policies pharmaceutical cost structure why price discrimination occurs in patented pharmaceuticals governmental price controls R&D expenditures sales and marketing expenditures rates of profitability in the pharmaceutical industry mergers and acquisitions and the connection to higher risk levels the future of the pharmaceutical industry Pharmaceutical Economics and Public Policy is an invaluable resource for educators, graduate students, policymakers, legislators, policy analysts, government agencies, and trade associations involved with pharmaceuticals.
Download or read book The Changing Economics of Medical Technology written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1991-02-01 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Americans praise medical technology for saving lives and improving health. Yet, new technology is often cited as a key factor in skyrocketing medical costs. This volume, second in the Medical Innovation at the Crossroads series, examines how economic incentives for innovation are changing and what that means for the future of health care. Up-to-date with a wide variety of examples and case studies, this book explores how payment, patent, and regulatory policiesâ€"as well as the involvement of numerous government agenciesâ€"affect the introduction and use of new pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and surgical procedures. The volume also includes detailed comparisons of policies and patterns of technological innovation in Western Europe and Japan. This fact-filled and practical book will be of interest to economists, policymakers, health administrators, health care practitioners, and the concerned public.
Download or read book Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy written by Stuart O. Schweitzer and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher description
Download or read book Issues in Pharmaceutical Economics written by Robert I. Chien and published by Free Press. This book was released on 1979 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research and Development in the Pharmaceutical Industry written by and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2007-02 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NOTE: NO FURTHER DISCOUNT FOR THIS PRINT PRODUCT--OVERSTOCK SALE -- Significantly reduced list price while supplies last Reviews basic facts about the drug industry's recent spending on research and development and its output of new drugs. Related products: Health United States 2013 With Special Feature on Prescription Drugs can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/017-022-01621-4 A Shared Burden: The Military and Civilian Consequences of Army Pain Management Since 2001 can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-000-01151-6 Drugs of Abuse 2011 is available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/027-004-00044-0 Other products produced by the U.S.(United States/US) Congressional Budget Office (CBO) can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/agency/237
Download or read book Envisioning a Transformed Clinical Trials Enterprise in the United States written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-09-13 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is growing recognition that the United States' clinical trials enterprise (CTE) faces great challenges. There is a gap between what is desired - where medical care is provided solely based on high quality evidence - and the reality - where there is limited capacity to generate timely and practical evidence for drug development and to support medical treatment decisions. With the need for transforming the CTE in the U.S. becoming more pressing, the IOM Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation held a two-day workshop in November 2011, bringing together leaders in research and health care. The workshop focused on how to transform the CTE and discussed a vision to make the enterprise more efficient, effective, and fully integrated into the health care system. Key issue areas addressed at the workshop included: the development of a robust clinical trials workforce, the alignment of cultural and financial incentives for clinical trials, and the creation of a sustainable infrastructure to support a transformed CTE. This document summarizes the workshop.
Download or read book Economics of the Pharmaceutical Industry written by John W. Egan and published by Greenwood. This book was released on 1982 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Role of NIH in Drug Development Innovation and Its Impact on Patient Access written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-01-27 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To explore the role of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in innovative drug development and its impact on patient access, the Board on Health Care Services and the Board on Health Sciences Policy of the National Academies jointly hosted a public workshop on July 24â€"25, 2019, in Washington, DC. Workshop speakers and participants discussed the ways in which federal investments in biomedical research are translated into innovative therapies and considered approaches to ensure that the public has affordable access to the resulting new drugs. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Download or read book Economic Dimensions of Personalized and Precision Medicine written by Ernst R. Berndt and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2019-04-22 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Personalized and precision medicine (PPM)—the targeting of therapies according to an individual’s genetic, environmental, or lifestyle characteristics—is becoming an increasingly important approach in health care treatment and prevention. The advancement of PPM is a challenge in traditional clinical, reimbursement, and regulatory landscapes because it is costly to develop and introduces a wide range of scientific, clinical, ethical, and socioeconomic issues. PPM raises a multitude of economic issues, including how information on accurate diagnosis and treatment success will be disseminated and who will bear the cost; changes to physician training to incorporate genetics, probability and statistics, and economic considerations; questions about whether the benefits of PPM will be confined to developed countries or will diffuse to emerging economies with less developed health care systems; the effects of patient heterogeneity on cost-effectiveness analysis; and opportunities for PPM’s growth beyond treatment of acute illness, such as prevention and reversal of chronic conditions. This volume explores the intersection of the scientific, clinical, and economic factors affecting the development of PPM, including its effects on the drug pipeline, on reimbursement of PPM diagnostics and treatments, and on funding of the requisite underlying research; and it examines recent empirical applications of PPM.
Download or read book Strategies in Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research written by Albert I Wertheimer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-10-09 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get a healthy perspective on pharmaceutical economics! Strategies in Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research presents a comprehensive introduction to the economic aspects of the health sector, focusing on strategies for the development and marketing of healthcare products. A much-needed addition to this relatively new field, the book narrows health economics into the sub-discipline of pharmacoeconomics, bridging the gap between different interest groups in the pharmaceutical industry-research and development at one end, sales and marketing at the other. Using basic terminology and practical examples with descriptive tables and figures, it analyzes the implications of projecting costs of pharmaceutical products as a method of determining the viability of their development. Written from an international perspective, Strategies in Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research examines the costs of drug therapy on health care systems and society through global marketing and modeling strategies, including clinical research and trial examples. Through the interlinked concepts of clinical research, outcomes research and pharmacoeconomics, the book evaluates the effectiveness of health technologies under “real world” circumstances or “normal” medical practice to achieve the optimum benefit from the resources available. The research process follows the economics of a drug?s efficacy (how it works under ideal circumstances) to its effectiveness (how it does in “real” life) to its efficiency (how cost-effective it is) in determining the baseline effects of a disease on economic and humanistic parameters. Strategies in Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research also examines: resources and cost benefits (direct, indirect, intangible, and quality of life) health economical models (decision-tree analysis, Markov-model) reimbursement differences between countries due to the rate of currency exchange drug monitoring and regulation . . . and includes an extensive glossary! At a time when health economics has become increasingly important, Strategies in Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research is an essential tool for the pharmaceutical, diagnostic, and medical device industries to ensure the most efficient use of limited resources. The book?s practical tone and common-sense methods provide a realistic approach that will benefit pharmaceutical and medical professionals, product managers, business development managers, drug regulatory affairs officials, and clinical study coordinators in making strategic and operational decisions about pharmaceutical development, production, or consumption.
Download or read book The Future of Health Economics written by Olivier Ethgen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-10-14 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pharmaceutical industry faces a well-documented perfect storm: on the one hand, the patent cliff; the lack of new blockbusters and, on the other, economic pressure on pricing from markets with growing expectations and shrinking budgets. In the face of such pressure, traditional health economics models no longer seem appropriate and yet what do we have to replace them? The growing focus on 'value' and 'cost effectiveness' are evidence of new emerging thinking although, even here, with the shift from medicine as cure to medicine as palliative, as a treatment for chronic illness and with the growing emphasis on preventative approaches, the landscape is complex and challenging. The Future of Health Economics offers a window into some of the most influential emerging issues in pharmacoeconomics; issues such as risk-sharing and alternative pricing models or the potential impact of radical new approaches such as personalized medicine; as well as exploring the changing role of government and regulators. Ulf Staginnus and Olivier Ethgen, themselves two of the most well-regarded practitioners in this field, have brought together some leading-edge thinkers from industry and academia around the world to provide the industry, policy-makers, regulators, health practitioners and academics with the raw material for their future scenarios.
Download or read book Social Aspects of Drug Discovery Development and Commercialization written by Odilia Osakwe and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-02-18 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social Aspects of Drug Discovery, Development and Commercialization provides an insightful analysis of the drug discovery and development landscape as it relates to society. This book examines the scientific, legal, philosophical, economic, political, ethical and cultural factors that contribute to drug development. The pharmaceutical industry is under scrutiny to develop safer and more effective drugs in a quicker and more affordable manner. Recent criticism and debates have emphasized varying opinions on the issues concerning the drug discovery and development process. This book provides thoughtful and valuable discussions and analysis of the social challenges and potential opportunities through all stages of the pharmaceutical process, from inception through marketing. With a unique focus on the social factors that increasingly play a role in how drug development is planned, structured, and executed throughout the drug product lifecycle, this is an essential resource for students, professors, and researchers who seek a better understanding of the interface between the pharmaceutical industry, health care systems, and society. Organized in a sequence of interrelated theories and principles that provide the foundation for increased understanding of the relevant social aspects Includes analysis of important new advances, key scientific and strategic issues, and overviews of recent progress in drug development Provides a global perspective with examples from developed areas, such as the US, Japan, Canada and Europe, as well as faster-growing and emerging economies including Brazil, Russia, India, and China Serves as an essential resource for students, professors, and researchers who seek a better understanding of the interface between the pharmaceutical industry, health care systems, and society
Download or read book Understanding Health Outcomes and Pharmacoeconomics written by George E. MacKinnon III and published by Jones & Bartlett Publishers. This book was released on 2011-09-22 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding Health Outcomes and Pharmacoeconomics presents an overview of the tools used to assess patient-related health status including associated health outcomes and the analyses that are used to determine cost-effectiveness in evaluating pharmacotherapeutic interventions to improve health. Including data and examples from several different countries, this comprehensive text will help students understand the basis for decisions made at the local and governmental level that impact the use of pharmaceuticals and provide a strong foundation for understanding the principles used in cost-effective decision making. With commentaries, cases studies, and highlighting international differences, this text concludes with a discussion of the need for a universal system for documenting medication use. Understanding Health Outcomes and Pharmacoeconomics provides definitions of comparative effectiveness research (CER) and comparisons of pharmacoeconomic models (including cost-effectivess, cost-benefit, and cost utility analyses). This inclusive text provides describes how CER is linked to various pharmacoeconomic models by providing examples from clinical trials with comparative pharmacotherapy and cost parameters. From the Introduction: "The need for interprofessional education was made apparent in the 2003 Health Professions Education: A Bridge to Quality report. All healthcare professionals must be educated to deliver patient-centered care as members of an interprofessional team, emphasizing evidence-based practice, quality improvement approaches, and informatics. An enhanced understanding of pharmacoeconomic principles is a step in the right direction for healthcare practitioners as we do our best to ensure optimal medication therapy outcomes for patients and society at-large." -- George E. MacKinnon III, PhD, RPh, FASHP
Download or read book Trends and Changes in Drug Research and Development written by S.R. Walker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 20th Anniversary of a Learned Society is a momentous event in its af fairs, and it is fitting that, in the Appendix to the Proceedings of the 20th An niversary Meeting, the history of the Society for Drug Research is outlined. The aim of the Society, to encourage an interdisciplinary approach and to act as an organisation freed from any specific scientific branch of knowledge, was achieved and is exemplified by the publication of these proceedings of the Anniversary Meeting held at the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. In only two other cases have the Society's proceedings been published, main taining the original decision and policy to allow membership to enjoy com munications from those who may not have agreed to speak had publication been mandatory. The papers presented at the Anniversary Meeting covered a wide range of scientific disciplines, and it is fitting that work of such calibre should have been published under the able editorship of Stuart and Bryan Walker. They should prove invaluable to those who are interested in Drug Research.
