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Book Research Paper PNW

Download or read book Research Paper PNW written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book The CABI Encyclopedia of Forest Trees

Download or read book The CABI Encyclopedia of Forest Trees written by CABI and published by CABI. This book was released on 2013 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The CABI Encyclopedia of Forest Trees provides an extensive overview of 300 of the world's most important forest trees. Tropical, subtropical, temperate and boreal trees of major economic importance are included, covering tree species used in agroforestry practices around the world. Many of the species covered are considered to be multipurpose trees with uses extending beyond timber alone; the land uses such as watershed protection or provision of windbreaks, and non-wood uses such as the production of medicines, resins, food and forage, are also listed. Comprehensive information is presented on each tree's importance, with a summary of the main characteristics of the species, its potential for agroforestry use and any disadvantages it possesses. The tree's botanical features such as habit, stem form, foliage, inflorescence, flower and fruit characters and phenology are covered in detail with over 70 color plate pictures to aid identification. Also included are specific sections devoted to pests and diseases, distribution and silvicultural characteristics and practices, including seed sowing, nursery care, planting, thinning, and harvesting. In addition to the wealth of information detailed, based on datasheets from CABI's Forestry Compendium, selected references for further reading are provided for each entry, making this book an essential reference work for forestry students, researchers and practitioners.

Book Release of Douglas fir Seedlings

Download or read book Release of Douglas fir Seedlings written by Phillip M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Characterizing Early seral Competitive Mechanisms Influencing Douglas fir Seedling Growth Vegetation Community Development and Physiology of Selected Weedy Plant Species

Download or read book Characterizing Early seral Competitive Mechanisms Influencing Douglas fir Seedling Growth Vegetation Community Development and Physiology of Selected Weedy Plant Species written by Eric J. Dinger and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three studies were conducted to characterize and present early-seral competition between Douglas-fir seedlings and the surrounding vegetation communities during Pacific Northwest forest establishment. The first experiment served as the foundation for this dissertation and was designed to quantify tradeoffs associated with delaying forest establishment activities by introducing a fallow year in order to provide longer-term management of competing vegetation. A range of six operationally relevant treatments were applied over two growing seasons that included in the first (1) a no-action control, (2) a spring release only, (3) a fall site preparation without sulfometuron methyl followed by a spring release, as well as (4) a fall site preparation with sulfometuron methyl and a spring release. In the second year, there was (5) a fall site preparation without sulfometuron methyl followed by a spring release and also in the second year (6) a fall site preparation with sulfometuron methyl and a spring release. Treatments 5 and 6 were left fallow without planting during the first year. These treatments were applied in two replicated experiments within the Oregon Coast Range. After adjusting for initial seedling size, year-3 results indicated that plantation establishment and competition control immediately after harvest (i.e. no fallow period) enabled seedlings to be physically larger than those planted after a one year delay. At the Boot study site, limiting vegetation below 20% for the first growing season improved year-3 Douglas-fir seedling stem volume over 273 cm3. Delaying establishment activities one year and reducing competing vegetation below 11% enabled seedling volume after two years to be statistically the same as three year old seedlings in the no-action control, a volume range of between 148 to 166 cm3. Delaying forest establishment at Jackson Mast improved seedling survivorship over 88% when a spring heat event reduced survivorship of trees planted a year earlier to less than 69%. The combined effect of applying a fall site preparation and spring release was necessary to reduce competitive cover below 10% in the year following treatment and provided longer-lasting control of woody/semi-woody plants. Less intense control measures (i.e. no-action control and treatment 2) were not able to restrain woody/semi-woody plant cover which grew to nearly 40% at Boot and over 24% at Jackson Mast in three years. No treatment regime provided multi-year control of herbaceous species. Including sulfometuron methyl in the fall site preparation tank-mix did not have a negative effect on seedling growth or provide significant reductions in plant community abundance in the year following application when compared to similar regimes that did not include the chemical. Delaying establishment lengthened the amount of time associated with forest regeneration except on a site that accentuated a spring heat event. In the second study, horizontal distance and azimuth readings provided by a ground-based laser were used to stem map seedling locations and experimental unit features at Boot. These data were used to create a relative Cartesian coordinate system that defined spatially explicit polygons enabling, for the first time, the ability to collect positional data on competing forest vegetation within an entire experimental unit. Deemed "vixels" or vegetation pixels, these polygons were assessed for measures of total cover and cover of the top three most abundance species during the initial three years of establishment. An alternate validity check of research protocols was provided when total cover resulting from this vixel technique was compared to a more traditional survey of four randomly located subplots. The resulting linear regression equation had an adjusted R2 of 0.90 between these two techniques of assessing total cover. When compared within a treatment and year, total cover differed by less than 12 percentage points between the two techniques. Analysis of year-3 woody/semi-woody plant cover produced by the techniques led to identical treatment differences. Two treatments resulted in woody/semi-woody cover of approximately 1500 ft2 by the vixel method and nearly 40% cover by the subplot method while the remaining four treatments were grouped below 600 ft2 or 20% cover, respectively. With continued refinement, these techniques could visually present forest development through all phases and provide long-term information used to bolster growth and yield models, measures of site productivity, as well as community ecology research. The third study evaluated the season-long gas exchange and biomass partitioning of four weedy plant species capable of rapidly colonizing Pacific Northwest regenerating forests. Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Rubus ursinus and Senecio sylvaticus were studied at two sites. A greenhouse was used to introduce two levels of irrigation (well-watered and droughty). These species were also studied while growing among a larger vegetation community at a field site. Irrigation treatments had little impact on gas exchange rates. Species achieved maximum photosynthetic rates of 30, 20, 15 and 25 [micro]mol CO2 m−2 s−1 (respectively) prior to mid-July coinciding with an active phase of vegetative growth. As the season progressed, photosynthetic rates declined in spite of well-watered conditions while transpiration rates remained relatively consistent even when soil water decreased below 0.25 m3 H2O/m3 soil. Water use efficiency was high until late-July for all study species, after which time it decreased below 5 [micro]mol CO2 · mmol H2O−1. Multi-leaf gas exchange measurements as well as biomass data provided a holistic view of plantlevel mechanisms used to shunt activity toward developing tissues. Herbaceous species had assimilation rates that differed vertically (within each species) by as much as 10 to 20 [micro]mol CO2 m−2 s−1 from July to September as lower leaves senesced in favor of those higher on study plants. Specific leaf area was greatest in June for all species then declined indicating species placed little effort into sacrificial early season leaves when compared to those higher on the plant that could continue to support flowering or vegetative growth. The study of seasonal gas exchange in the presence of declining water availability has helped to describe competitive mechanisms at work during forest regeneration as well as provide physiologic support for the application of vegetation management regimes.

Book Repeated Manual Release in a Young Plantation

Download or read book Repeated Manual Release in a Young Plantation written by Philip M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Douglas-fir seedlings on the Arcata Resource Area, Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Department of the Interior, in central coastal California, were released by chain sawing and grubbing competing vegetation around them at different frequencies (0, 2, and 3 grubbings) over a 5-year period. After 5 years, average Douglas-fir stem diameter (measured at 12 inches above mean groundline) of seedlings grubbed at ages 1,2, and 5 was 0.91 inches, and of seedlings grubbed after the first and fifth growing season was 0.95 inches. Both were significantly larger than counterparts in the control (0.57 inches). Tanoak, the most competitive species, constituted 84 percent of total plant cover in the control after 5 years, but only 25 percent on treated plots. Combined shrubs varied little between the untreated control and treated plots and averaged about 7 percent of total foliar cover. Grasses were not present in the control and only for the fifth year in treated plots. The most abundant forb, a hedge nettle, increased greatly in density in both control and treated plots. These relationships and others denoted in the paper yield valuable ecological information on species and community dynamics in both a natural and treated environment. Crew time (no overhead or travel costs) for the three grubbings was 52 hours and for the two grubbings was 44 hours.

Book Ten year Development of Douglas fir and Associated Vegetation After Different Site Preparation on Coast Range Clearcuts

Download or read book Ten year Development of Douglas fir and Associated Vegetation After Different Site Preparation on Coast Range Clearcuts written by William I. Stein and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Publications List

Download or read book Publications List written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Ten Year Development of Douglas Fir and Associated Vegetation After Different Site Preparation on Coast Range Clearcuts Classic Reprint

Download or read book Ten Year Development of Douglas Fir and Associated Vegetation After Different Site Preparation on Coast Range Clearcuts Classic Reprint written by William I. Stein and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-01-13 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Ten-Year Development of Douglas-Fir and Associated Vegetation After Different Site Preparation on Coast Range Clearcuts Table 11 - Total mortality (tm) and percentage mortality by kind of damage found among unprotected (unp) and protected (pro) seedlings at each examination. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book Reproduction Habits of Douglas fir

Download or read book Reproduction Habits of Douglas fir written by Leo Anthony Isaac and published by . This book was released on 1943 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Survival and Growth of Douglas fir Seed Sources in the Hospital Tract Rangewide Source Archive Plantation

Download or read book Survival and Growth of Douglas fir Seed Sources in the Hospital Tract Rangewide Source Archive Plantation written by William E. Gamble and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In 1954, Dr. Helge Irgens-Moller initiated a rangewide collection of seed and seedlings of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). Nearly 700 trees or stands were sampled in 10 western states, Canada, and Mexico. From 1957 to 1971, 639 of these collections were planted in the Hospital Tract Rangewide Source Archive near Corvallis, Oregon. By 1989, the trees were from 20 to 34 years old; it became apparent that thinning the archive would be necessary in order to preserve the slower growing sources. This prompted growth and survival measurements and a complete inventory of the archive. Overall survival for all years of planting was greater than 80 percent for coastal sources (var. menziesii), but less than 60 percent for interior sources (var. glauca). The average diameter at breast height (DBH) of surviving trees was 29.05 cm; the range was from 1.2 to 61 cm. An analysis of the 1957 and 1961 plantings revealed that local and other low elevation coastal sources had the fastest growth and highest survival in the archive. High elevation sources from the Cascade Range had significantly smaller DBH, but higher survival. Southern interior sources from Arizona and New Mexico had the smallest DBH and lowest survival; northern interior sources from Montana and Idaho were intermediate in survival and DBH. Geographical variation among sources in the Hospital Tract was associated with environmental gradients, supporting the previously held conclusion that much of the genetic variation on a geographical scale in Douglas-fir is the result of adaptation."--Summary.

Book Field Survival and Growth of Douglas fir by Age and Size of Nursery Stock

Download or read book Field Survival and Growth of Douglas fir by Age and Size of Nursery Stock written by James W. Edgren and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Forest Nursery Manual Production of Bareroot Seedlings

Download or read book Forest Nursery Manual Production of Bareroot Seedlings written by Mary L. Duryea and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ing damage ranged from odor. to general visual appearance. Attributes of seedling quality are categorized as either to cutting buds. to scraping bark to detect dead cambium. performance attributes (RGP. frost hardiness. stress resistance) One nursery reported using frost hardiness as an indicator of or material attributes (bud dormancy. water relations. nutrition. when to begin fall lifting. but none reported using it as an morphology). Performance attributes are assessed by placing indicator of seedling quality before shipping stock to customers. samples of seedlings into specified controlled environments and evaluating their responses. Although some effective short 23.4.3 Stress resistance cut procedures are being developed. performance tests tend Only three nurseries measure stress resistance. They use to be time consuming; however, they produce results on whole the services of Oregon State University and the test methods plant responses which are often closely correlated with field described in 23.2.3. One nursery reported that results of stress performance. Material attributes. on the other hand. reflect tests did not agree well with results of RGP tests and that RGP only individual aspects of seedling makeup and are often correlated better with seedling survival in the field. Most stress poorly correlated with performance. tests are conducted for reforestation personnel rather than for Bud dormancy status seems to be correlated. at least nurseries.