Download or read book Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Herbivory on Plant Communities written by Nash Elia Turley and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Large Herbivore Ecology Ecosystem Dynamics and Conservation written by Kjell Danell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-05-25 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most large herbivores require some type of management within their habitats. Some populations of large herbivores are at the brink of extinction, some are under discussion for reintroduction, whilst others already occur in dense populations causing conflicts with other land use. Large herbivores are the major drivers for forming the shape and function of terrestrial ecosystems. This 2006 book addresses the scientifically based action plans to manage both the large herbivore populations and their habitats worldwide. It covers the processes by which large herbivores not only affect their environment (e.g. grazing) but are affected by it (e.g. nutrient cycling) and the management strategies required. Also discussed are new modeling techniques, which help assess integration processes in a landscape context, as well as assessing the consequences of new developments in the processes of conservation. This book will be essential reading for all involved in the management of both large herbivores and natural resources.
Download or read book Ecological Communities written by Takayuki Ohgushi and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-01-04 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food webs examine the interactions between organisms to explain ecosystem community structure. This book argues how food webs alone cannot depict a true picture of a community. It shows that examining other indirect interactions between organisms can help us to better understand the structure and organisation of communities and ecosystems.
Download or read book Herbivores Their Interactions with Secondary Plant Metabolites written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents the latest research on herbivores, aquatic and terrestrial mammals and insects. The Second Edition, written almost entirely by new authors, effectively complements the initial work. It includes advances in molecular biology and microbiology, ecology, and evolutionary theory that have been achieved since the first edition was published in 1979. The book also incorporates relatively new methodologies in the area of molecular biology, like protein purification and gene cloning. Volume II, Ecological and Evolutionary Processes, also opens up entirely new subjects: The discussions of interactions have expanded to include phenomena at higher trophic levels, such as predation and microbial processing and other environmental influences. Both this and Volume I, The Chemical Participants, will be of interest to chemists, biochemists, plant and insect ecologists, evolutionary biologists, physiologists, entomologists, and agroecologists interested in both crop and animal science. - Presents coevolution of herbivores and host plants - Examines resource availability and its effects on secondary metabolism and herbivores - Studies physiology and biochemistry of adaptation to hosts - Includes tri-trophic interactions involving predators and microbes
Download or read book Ecology and Evolution of Plant Herbivore Interactions on Islands written by Xoaquín Moreira and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024-01-03 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theory and early empirical work posed that herbivore pressure should be lower on islands than on the mainland owing to lower herbivore abundance and diversity in insular systems. Consequently, plant taxa found on islands are expected to be less protected or even to have lost their defences completely. While early observational studies supported the prediction of lower herbivory and plant defences on islands, recent island-mainland comparisons have yielded mixed results, with some studies finding no differences between islands and mainlands or, surprisingly, higher herbivory and plant defences on islands. In this book, the authors aim to re-assess current theory and initiate a new generation of work on insularity effects on plant-herbivore interactions. This book aims to fill the research gaps by integrating the research that has been done to date and by compiling and summarising new research on insularity effects on plant-herbivore interactions. It provides a critical examination of the patterns in light of classical theory and identifies potential mechanisms or underlying processes. It also aims to raise new questions that will form the basis for a revised and more robust research programme.
Download or read book Plant Resistance to Herbivores and Pathogens written by Robert S. Fritz and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2012-07-15 with total page 601 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Far from being passive elements in the landscape, plants have developed many sophisticated chemical and mechanical means of deterring organisms that seek to prey on them. This volume draws together research from ecology, evolution, agronomy, and plant pathology to produce an ecological genetics perspective on plant resistance in both natural and agricultural systems. By emphasizing the ecological and evolutionary basis of resistance, the book makes an important contribution to the study of how phytophages and plants coevolve. Plant Resistance to Herbivores and Pathogens not only reviews the literature pertaining to plant resistance from a number of traditionally separate fields but also examines significant questions that will drive future research. Among the topics explored are selection for resistance in plants and for virulence in phytophages; methods for studying natural variation in plant resistance; the factors that maintain intraspecific variation in resistance; and the ecological consequences of within-population genetic variation for herbivorous insects and fungal pathogens. "A comprehensive review of the theory and information on a large, rapidly growing, and important subject."—Douglas J. Futuyma, State University of New York, Stony Brook
Download or read book Chemical Ecology of Insects written by Jun Tabata and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-29 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insects have evolved very unique and interesting tactics using chemical signals to survive. Chemical ecology illustrates the working of the biological network by means of chemical analyses. Recent advances in analytical technology have opened the way to a better understanding of the more complicated and abyssal interactions of insects with other organisms including plants and microbes. This book covers recent research on insects and chemical communications and presents the current status about challenges faced by chemical ecologists for the management of pests in agriculture and human health.
Download or read book Plant Resistance to Herbivores and Pathogens written by Robert S. Fritz and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1992-08-15 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part 1. Analysis and Inheritance of Resistance VariationChapters by George G. Kennedy and James D. Barbour; John A. Barrett; Ellen L. Simms and Mark A. Rausher; and Mary R. Berenbaum and Arthur R. ZangerlPart 2. Evolutionary Responses to Plant Resistance by Herbivores and PathogensChapters by Lawrence Wilhoit; Diana Pilson; Arthur E. Weis; and James Groth and Barbara ChristPart 3. Population and Community Responses to Plant Resistance VariationChapters by Richard Karban; A. Joseph Pollard; Robert S. Fritz; and J. Daniel HarePart 4. Evolution of Plant ResistanceRobert J. Marquis; Helen M. Alexander; Matthew A. Parker; Arthur R. Zangeri and Fahkri A. Bazzaz; Ellen L. Simms; and Janis AntonovicsReferences Copyright © Libri GmbH. All rights reserved.
Download or read book Evolutionary Ecology of Plant Herbivore Interaction written by Juan Núñez-Farfán and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-30 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant-herbivore interactions are a central topic in evolutionary ecology. Historically, their study has been a cornerstone for coevolutionary theory. Starting from classic ecological studies at the phenotypic level, it has since expanded to molecular and genomic approaches. After a historical perspective, the book’s subsequent chapters cover a wide range of topics: from populations to ecosystems; plant- and herbivore-focused studies; in natural and in man-modified ecosystems; and both micro- and macro-evolutionary levels. All chapters include valuable background information and empirical evidence. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to both students and researchers, and will hopefully stimulate further research in this exciting field of evolutionary biology.
Download or read book Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Plant animal Interactions written by Stephen Garrett Vail and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Plant Mediation of Multi trophic Interactions written by Luis Alejandro Abdala and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consumers are strongly influenced by plant phenotypic variation. Such variation may have a genetic or environmental basis, and occurs when plant genotypes or species vary in traits or when patches of co-occurring plants vary in the number of genotypes or species. However, these sources of plant variation have usually been studied separately, their underlying mechanisms are poorly understood, and the evolutionary consequences are largely unknown. This dissertation aims to fill these gaps in research by evaluating: (i) the mechanisms by which environmental- and genetic-driven trait variation in the herb Ruellia nudiflora influence seed-eating caterpillars and wasps parasitizing the latter (Chapter 1), (ii) the evolutionary consequences of R. nudiflora trait variation on insects and of insect effects on the plant (Chapter 2), (iii) the ecological and evolutionary consequences of R. nudiflora genotypic diversity effects on these interactions (Chapter 3), and (iii) the dual effects of Swietenia macrophylla (mahogany) genotypic and neighbor tree species diversity on insect herbivores (Chapter 4), and herbivore-enemy interactions (Chapter 5). By manipulating soil fertility and R. nudiflora genotype identity (progeny of same mother plant) in a common garden, I found that genotype effects were stronger than fertility effects and operated via different mechanisms (Chapter 1). Further analyses revealed that caterpillar selection on plants was dampened by parasitoids, and that increasing soil fertility weakened caterpillar and parasitoid selection on the plant (Chapter 2). A second experiment manipulating genotype number in patches of R. nudiflora revealed that genotypic diversity influenced plant-caterpillar interactions, and that such effects altered caterpillar selection on plant traits; however, parasitoids eliminated this feedback (Chapter 3). Finally, in a large-scale field experiment I found that tree species diversity (but not mahogany genotypic diversity) influenced herbivore abundance (Chapter 4). However, surrounding tree species diversity influenced specialist herbivores (feeding only on mahogany) but not generalists. Additionally, neither source of diversity influenced interactions between parasitic wasps and leaf-mining caterpillars (Chapter 5). Collectively, these results underscore the predictive value of determining the mechanisms and sources of plant phenotypic variation influencing consumers (environmental vs. genetic, genotypic vs. species diversity), and present evidence for novel feedbacks between plants and consumers.
Download or read book Specialization Speciation and Radiation written by Kelley Jean Tilmon and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This volume captures the state-of-the-art in the study of insect-plant interactions, and marks the transformation of the field into evolutionary biology. The contributors present integrative reviews of uniformly high quality that will inform and inspire generations of academic and applied biologists. Their presentation together provides an invaluable synthesis of perspectives that is rare in any discipline."--Brian D. Farrell, Professor of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University "Tilmon has assembled a truly wonderful and rich volume, with contributions from the lion's share of fine minds in evolution and ecology of herbivorous insects. The topics comprise a fascinating and deep coverage of what has been discovered in the prolific recent decades of research with insects on plants. Fascinating chapters provide deep analyses of some of the most interesting research on these interactions. From insect plant chemistry, behavior, and host shifting to phylogenetics, co-evolution, life-history evolution, and invasive plant-insect interaction, one is hard pressed to name a substantial topic not included. This volume will launch a hundred graduate seminars and find itself on the shelf of everyone who is anyone working in this rich landscape of disciplines."--Donald R. Strong, Professor of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis "Seldom have so many excellent authors been brought together to write so many good chapters on so many important topics in organismic evolutionary biology. Tom Wood, always unassuming and inspired by living nature, would have been amazed and pleased by this tribute."--Mary Jane West-Eberhard, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
Download or read book Insects and Ecosystem Function written by W.W. Weisser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-05 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insects are a dominant component of biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems and play a key role in mediating the relationship between plants and ecosystem processes. This volume examines their effects on ecosystem functioning, focusing mainly, but not exclusively, on herbivorous insects. Renowned authors with extensive experience in the field of plant-insect interactions, contribute to the volume using examples from their own work.
Download or read book Habitat Structure written by S.S. Bell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We conceived the idea for this book after teaching a graduate seminar on 'Habitat Complexity' at The University of South Florida. Discussions during the seminar led us to conclude that similar goals were to be found in studies of the topic that spanned the breadth of ecological research. Yet, the exact meaning of 'habitat structure', and the way in which it was measured, seemed to differ widely among subdisciplines. Our own research, which involves several sorts of ecology, convinced us that the differences among subdisciplines were indeed real ones, and that they did inhibit communica tion. We decided that interchange of ideas among researchers working in marine ecology, plant-animal interactions, physiological ecology, and other more-or-less independent fields would be worthwhile, in that it might lead to useful generalizations about 'habitat structure'. To foster this interchange of ideas. we organized a symposium to attract researchers working with a wide variety of organisms living in many habitats, but united in their interest in the topic of 'habitat structure'. The symposium was held at The University of South Florida's Chinsegut Hill Conference Center, in May. 1988. We asked participants to think about 'habitat structure' in new ways; to synthesize important, but fragmented, information; and. perhaps. to consider ways of translating ideas across systems. The chapters contained in this book reflect the participants' attempts to do so. The book is divided into four parts, by major themes that we have found useful categorizations.
Download or read book Induced Responses to Herbivory written by Richard Karban and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-12-01 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants face a daunting array of creatures that eat them, bore into them, and otherwise use virtually every plant part for food, shelter, or both. But although plants cannot flee from their attackers, they are far from defenseless. In addition to adaptations like thorns, which may be produced in response to attack, plants actively alter their chemistry and physiology in response to damage. For instance, young potato plant leaves being eaten by potato beetles respond by producing chemicals that inhibit beetle digestive enzymes. Over the past fifteen years, research on these induced responses to herbivory has flourished, and here Richard Karban and Ian T. Baldwin present the first comprehensive evaluation and synthesis of this rapidly developing field. They provide state-of-the-discipline reviews and highlight areas where new research will be most productive. Their comprehensive overview will be welcomed by a wide variety of theoretical and applied researchers in ecology, evolutionary biology, plant biology, entomology, and agriculture.
Download or read book Plants and Vegetation written by Paul Keddy and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-06-07 with total page 563 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants make up 99.9 percent of the world's living matter, provide food and shelter, and control the Earth's climate. The study of plant ecology is therefore essential to understanding the biological functions and processes of the biosphere. This vibrant introductory textbook integrates important classical themes with recent ideas, models and data. The book begins with the origin of plants and their role in creating the biosphere as the context for discussing plant functional types and evolutionary patterns. The coverage continues logically through the exploration of causation with chapters, amongst others, on resources, stress, competition, predation, and mutualism. The book concludes with a chapter on conservation, addressing the concern that as many as one-third of all plant species are at risk of extinction. Each chapter is enriched with striking and unusual examples of plants (e.g., stone plants, carnivorous plants) and plant habitats (e.g., isolated tropical tepui, arctic cliffs). Paul Keddy writes in a lively and thought-provoking style which will appeal to students at all levels.
Download or read book The Nature of Plant Communities written by J. Bastow Wilson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-03-21 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive review of the role of species interactions in the process of plant community assembly.
