Download or read book Dynamical Studies Using Coherent X rays written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of coherent x-ray beams for studying the structure and dynamics of both surfaces and bulk materials is rapidly increasing due to the advent of new high-brilliance x-ray sources. The field of x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) has steadily grown from demonstration experiments carried out some 15 years ago, to studies addressing real problems at the forefront of condensed matter and has attracted increasing numbers of users. the principal applications have been in the fields of soft condensed matter and nanoscience, but extension to the study of slow fluctuations in magnetic systems will undoubtedly grow. This talk will attempt to survey some of the recent applications at the limits of currently existing instruments, and present a wish list for XPCS-capable beamlines of the future for attacking certain important problems in condensed matter and materials science. This talk will also present a new formulation of the scattering of partially coherent radiation by condensed matter, which will enable us to go beyond the simple, kinematic approximation that is usually made, but which breaks down for grazing incidence small-angle x-ray scattering geometry.
Download or read book Studying Atomic Dynamics with Coherent X rays written by Michael Leitner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-04 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diffusion in solids at moderate temperatures is a well-known phenomenon. However, direct experimental evidence about the responsible atomic-scale mechanisms has been scarce, due to difficulties in probing the relevant length- and time-scales. The present thesis deals with the application of X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (XPCS) for answering such questions. This is an established method for the study of slow dynamics on length-scales of a few nanometres. The scattered intensity in the diffuse regime, i.e. corresponding to atomic distances, is very low, however, and so it has so far been considered impossible to use XPCS for this problem. Threefold progress is reported in this work: It proposes a number of systems selected for high diffuse intensity, it optimizes the photon detection and data evaluation procedures, and it establishes theoretical models for interpretating the results. Together these advances allowed the first successful atomic-scale XPCS experiment, which elucidated the role of preferred configurations for atomic jumps in a copper-gold alloy. The growth in available coherent X-ray intensity together with next-generation X-ray sources will open up a wide field of application for this new method.
Download or read book Dynamical Theory of X ray Diffraction written by André Authier and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2004 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher Description
Download or read book Applications of Coherent X Ray Scattering to Two Important Problems in Condensed Matter Physics written by Yi Yang and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decades, the commissioning of high-energy, third-generation synchrotrons presents new opportunities for research with brilliant coherent X-ray beams. It allows us to study various systems' structure and dynamics at shorter length scale than laser via diffraction patterns. In the Chapter 3, we adopted the laser technique Photon Correlation Spectroscopy to study the dynamical correlations of the spin-glass transition. We have implemented this method to observe and accurately characterize the critical slowing down of the spin orientation fluctuations in the classic metallic spin glass alloy CuMn over time scales of 100 to 103 secs. In the Chapter 4, we adopted the diffraction imaging method to retrieve the phase of the speckle pattern produced by the scattering of a coherent X-ray beam to reconstruct the image of samples at nanometer length scales. We have extended the oversampling methods and iterative schemes to use the full Distorted-Wave Born Approximation (DWBA) expression for the speckle pattern. The results obtained from detailed computer simulations of the scattering and reconstruction are very encouraging in showing that the method works. Verification with real experiments is planned.
Download or read book Soft Matter Characterization written by Redouane Borsali and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-07-28 with total page 1490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2-volume set includes extensive discussions of scattering techniques (light, neutron and X-ray) and related fluctuation and grating techniques that are at the forefront of this field. Most of the scattering techniques are Fourier space techniques. Recent advances have seen the development of powerful direct imaging methods such as atomic force microscopy and scanning probe microscopy. In addition, techniques that can be used to manipulate soft matter on the nanometer scale are also in rapid development. These include the scanning probe microscopy technique mentioned above as well as optical and magnetic tweezers.
Download or read book Coherent X ray Diffraction of Laser induced Magnetization Dynamics and Nonlinear X ray Effects written by Benny Cheng Han Wu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coherent x-ray di raction is an attractive tool for studying a wide range of condensed matter systems due to the many unique advantages of x-rays - small wavelengths, large penetration depths, and chemical and elemental specifity. Soft x-rays are particularly important for the study of magnetism, as many of the important magnetic elements have strong resonances in this regime. This dissertation discusses two sets of coherent x-ray experiments. The first part focuses on the development of time-resolved optical pump x-ray probe experiments both at a synchrotron and an x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) source. Using this technique, I studied the femto- to picosecond relaxation dynamics in the labyrinth-like magnetic domains of a Co/Pd multilayer thin film following excitation by a femtosecond optical pulse. From the normalized correlation function, I isolated the elastic and fluctuating portions of the scattering intensity during the relaxation process. The emergence of XFELs such as the Linac Coherent Light Source has dramatically altered the types of experiments that are now possible, including the systematic exploration of nonlinear x-ray-matter interactions. Nonlinear spectroscopy in the optical regime has contributed immensely to our understanding of microscopic interactions and dynamical processes. The hope is to extend these spectroscopic techniques to the x-ray regime, to take advantage of the smaller wavelength, elemental and chemical specificity, and momentum resolution. One of the most promising nonlinear x-ray techniques is stimulated resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS), analogous to stimulated Raman scattering in the optical regime. The critical question is whether the threshold for stimulated RIXS will be low enough, below the sample damage threshold, for it to be a viable technique for systems of interest. In the second half of this dissertation, I demonstrate strong indications of stimulated RIXS in a high intensity single shot coherent di raction experiment at LCLS. By utilizing the strong resonant enhancements of the scattering cross-section, significant nonlinear changes in the di raction as a function of x-ray pulse intensity were detected. These observations are consistent with calculated intensities for a stimulated inelastic scattering process. Further intensity dependent spectroscopy experiments are planned for LCLS to con rm the threshold for stimulated scattering. The development of nonlinear x-ray spectroscopic techniques will certainly revolutionize existing fields as well as spawn entirely new fields of research.
Download or read book Coherent Control of Nuclei and X Rays written by Wen-Te Liao and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-02 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Novel coherent light sources such as x-ray free-electron lasers open exciting prospects for the interaction of light with nuclei. The thesis "Coherent Control of Nuclei and X-rays" covers this still-developing field and proposes, in a daring attempt to revolutionize nuclear physics, three innovative schemes for taming nuclei using coherent effects. The theoretical explorations, which address control of nuclear quantum states, a nuclear memory for single photons in future photonic circuits, and optimized concepts for a nuclear clock, make use of new approaches at the borderline between nuclear physics and quantum dynamics. The result is a well written work, impressive in its stimulating style and promising ideas.
Download or read book Synchrotron Light Sources and Free Electron Lasers written by Eberhard J. Jaeschke and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hardly any other discovery of the nineteenth century did have such an impact on science and technology as Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen’s seminal find of the X-rays. X-ray tubes soon made their way as excellent instruments for numerous applications in medicine, biology, materials science and testing, chemistry and public security. Developing new radiation sources with higher brilliance and much extended spectral range resulted in stunning developments like the electron synchrotron and electron storage ring and the freeelectron laser. This handbook highlights these developments in fifty chapters. The reader is given not only an inside view of exciting science areas but also of design concepts for the most advanced light sources. The theory of synchrotron radiation and of the freeelectron laser, design examples and the technology basis are presented. The handbook presents advanced concepts like seeding and harmonic generation, the booming field of Terahertz radiation sources and upcoming brilliant light sources driven by laser-plasma accelerators. The applications of the most advanced light sources and the advent of nanobeams and fully coherent x-rays allow experiments from which scientists in the past could not even dream. Examples are the diffraction with nanometer resolution, imaging with a full 3D reconstruction of the object from a diffraction pattern, measuring the disorder in liquids with high spatial and temporal resolution. The 20th century was dedicated to the development and improvement of synchrotron light sources with an ever ongoing increase of brilliance. With ultrahigh brilliance sources, the 21st century will be the century of x-ray lasers and their applications. Thus, we are already close to the dream of condensed matter and biophysics: imaging single (macro)molecules and measuring their dynamics on the femtosecond timescale to produce movies with atomic resolution.
Download or read book X Rays and Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation written by David Attwood and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-02-16 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With this fully updated second edition, readers will gain a detailed understanding of the physics and applications of modern X-ray and EUV radiation sources. Taking into account the most recent improvements in capabilities, coverage is expanded to include new chapters on free electron lasers (FELs), laser high harmonic generation (HHG), X-ray and EUV optics, and nanoscale imaging; a completely revised chapter on spatial and temporal coherence; and extensive discussion of the generation and applications of femtosecond and attosecond techniques. Readers will be guided step by step through the mathematics of each topic, with over 300 figures, 50 reference tables and 600 equations enabling easy understanding of key concepts. Homework problems, a solutions manual for instructors, and links to YouTube lectures accompany the book online. This is the 'go-to' guide for graduate students, researchers and industry practitioners interested in X-ray and EUV interaction with matter.
Download or read book Structural Dynamics with X ray and Electron Scattering written by Kasra Amini and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2023-12-20 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the early 20th century, X-ray and electron scattering has provided a powerful means by which the location of atoms can be identified in gas-phase molecules and condensed matter with sub-atomic spatial resolution. Scattering techniques can also provide valuable observables of the fundamental properties of electrons in matter such as an electron’s spin and its energy. In recent years, significant technological developments in both X-ray and electron scattering have paved the way to time-resolved analogues capable of capturing real-time snapshots of transient structures undergoing a photochemical reaction. Structural Dynamics with X-ray and Electron Scattering is a two-part book that firstly introduces the fundamental background to scattering theory and photochemical phenomena of interest. The second part discusses the latest advances and research results from the application of ultrafast scattering techniques to imaging the structure and dynamics of gas-phase molecules and condensed matter. This book aims to provide a unifying platform for X-ray and electron scattering.
Download or read book Coherent X ray Studies of the Dynamics of Magnetic Skyrmions and Polymer Electrolytes written by Benjamin William Holladay and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of coherent x-rays has grown recently with the development of high brilliance x-ray sources. X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) has proven to be a valuable tool to measure the dynamics of a wide range of systems. In this dissertation we utilized two extensions to the standard XPCS method. The first is called two-pulse XPCS. By measuring the speckle pattern from the two x-ray pulses separated in time, we can measure the dynamics of systems at much shorter time scales than conventional XPCS. To demonstrate the viability of this technique, we measured the equilibrium fluctuations of a magnetic skyrmion lattice in a FeGd multiplayer. These results showed an exponential decay in the intermediate scattering function and gave valuable insight into the dynamics of the creation and decay of the skyrmion lattice. They also demonstrated the viability of the two-pulse technique as a potential method to measure ultrafast dynamics using coherent x-rays. The second is heterodyne XPCS. This method involves interfering the sample's scattering with a static reference signal. This interference allows the measurement of a uniform flow of scatterers. Using this technique, we have directly measured the velocity of ions inside a polymer electrolyte under an applied voltage. These results show the correlation between the ion's velocity and the output current of the cell. There is an initial spike in the ion's velocity as the voltage is first applied. Then an internal concentration gradient forms and the velocity decays to steady state. We show how this velocity is dependent on the applied voltage and temperature of the system. The concentration gradient is directly measured and compared with the velocity measured using heterodyne XPCS. The direct measurement of the ion's velocity and concentration in-situ are the first of their kind for a polymer electrolyte. They provide valuable data about the transference number of the system.
Download or read book Atomic Diffusion in Glasses Studied with Coherent X Rays written by Manuel Ross and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-13 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis provides the first successful study of jump diffusion processes in glasses on the atomic scale, utilizing a novel coherent technique. This new method, called atomic-scale X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy or aXPCS, has only recently been proven to be able to capture diffusion processes with atomic resolution in crystal systems. With this new toolkit for studying atomic diffusion in amorphous systems, new insight into basic processes in a wide range of technically relevant materials, like fast ionic conductors, can be obtained.
Download or read book Nanoscale Photonic Imaging written by Tim Salditt and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-09 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book, edited and authored by a team of world-leading researchers, provides a broad overview of advanced photonic methods for nanoscale visualization, as well as describing a range of fascinating in-depth studies. Introductory chapters cover the most relevant physics and basic methods that young researchers need to master in order to work effectively in the field of nanoscale photonic imaging, from physical first principles, to instrumentation, to mathematical foundations of imaging and data analysis. Subsequent chapters demonstrate how these cutting edge methods are applied to a variety of systems, including complex fluids and biomolecular systems, for visualizing their structure and dynamics, in space and on timescales extending over many orders of magnitude down to the femtosecond range. Progress in nanoscale photonic imaging in Göttingen has been the sum total of more than a decade of work by a wide range of scientists and mathematicians across disciplines, working together in a vibrant collaboration of a kind rarely matched. This volume presents the highlights of their research achievements and serves as a record of the unique and remarkable constellation of contributors, as well as looking ahead at the future prospects in this field. It will serve not only as a useful reference for experienced researchers but also as a valuable point of entry for newcomers.
Download or read book Advanced Characterization Of Nanostructured Materials Probing The Structure And Dynamics With Synchrotron X rays And Neutrons written by Sunil K Sinha and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2021-03-23 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Characterization of Nanostructured Materials — Probing the Structure and Dynamics with Synchrotron X-Rays and Neutrons is a collection of chapters which review the characterization of the structure and internal dynamics of a wide variety of nanostructured materials using various synchrotron X-ray and neutron scattering techniques. It is intended for graduate students and researchers who might be interested in learning about and applying these methods. The authors are well-known practitioners in their fields of research who provide detailed and authoritative accounts of how these techniques have been applied to study systems ranging from thin films and monolayers on solid surfaces and at liquid-air, liquid-liquid and solid-liquid interfaces; nanostructured composite materials; battery materials, and catalytic materials. While there have been a great many books published on nanoscience, there are relatively few that have discussed in one volume detailed synchrotron X-ray and neutron methods for advanced characterization of nanomaterials in thin films, composite materials, catalytic and battery materials and at interfaces. This book should provide an incentive and a reference for researchers in nanomaterials for using these techniques as a powerful way to characterize their samples. It should also help to popularize the use of synchrotron and neutron facilities by the nanoscience community.
Download or read book Structural and Dynamical Studies of Condensed Matter Systems Using Advanced Synchrotron Radiation Techniques written by Jing-Jin Song and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is the diverse range of disciplines studying various topics using x-ray techniques. Now, with the development of third-generation synchrotron sources, we can conduct experiments which require special properties of x-ray beam, such as coherence and polarization for studying materials characterization, structural changes, molecular or spin dynamics and so on. In this thesis, we would present the results of structural and dynamic studies by synchrotron-produced x-ray sources. First, the lipid phase-separated bilayers are studied by resonant soft x-ray scattering. In the novel finding, we find the domains of the so-called liquid ordered phase in the phase-separated mixed lipid-cholesterol multilayers constitute sub-domains which are three-dimensionally ordered. This is one of the few examples of ordered liquid phase within another liquid phase. This offers the possibility for the development of novel materials. We also discuss the utilization of coherent x-ray beams to study the dynamics of nanoparticles in polymer melts and magnetic spins in spin glass systems. The nanoparticles show different diffusive and often novel behaviors depending on the entanglement and the heat treatment. Studying the spin structures of spin glass is always interesting and challenging. Up to now, the detailed observation of spin glass phase transition associated critical behaviors have elucidated experimental studies, such as neutron scattering. Using coherent x-rays, we have been able to couple directly to the critical fluctuations of the so-called Edwards-Anderson (EA) order parameter and have observed the dynamical critical behaviors for the first time.
Download or read book Advances in Solid State Physics written by Bernhard Kramer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-09-22 with total page 954 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 43 of Advances in Solid State Physics contains the written versions of most of the plenary and invited lectures of the Spring Meeting of the Condensed Matter Physics section of the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft held from March 24 to 28, 2003 in Dresden, Germany. Many of the topical talks given at the numerous and very lively symposia are also included. They covered an extremely interesting selection of timely subjects. Thus the book truly reflects the status of the field of solid state physics in 2003, and explains its attractiveness, not only in Germany but also internationally.
Download or read book Basic Concepts of X Ray Diffraction written by Emil Zolotoyabko and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-02-10 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Authored by a university professor deeply involved in X-ray diffraction-related research, this textbook is based on his lectures given to graduate students for more than 20 years. It adopts a well-balanced approach, describing basic concepts and experimental techniques, which make X-ray diffraction an unsurpassed method for studying the structure of materials. Both dynamical and kinematic X-ray diffraction is considered from a unified viewpoint, in which the dynamical diffraction in single-scattering approximation serves as a bridge between these two parts. The text emphasizes the fundamental laws that govern the interaction of X-rays with matter, but also covers in detail classical and modern applications, e.g., line broadening, texture and strain/stress analyses, X-ray mapping in reciprocal space, high-resolution X-ray diffraction in the spatial and wave vector domains, X-ray focusing, inelastic and time-resolved X-ray scattering. This unique scope, in combination with otherwise hard-to-find information on analytic expressions for simulating X-ray diffraction profiles in thin-film heterostructures, X-ray interaction with phonons, coherent scattering of Mossbauer radiation, and energy-variable X-ray diffraction, makes the book indispensable for any serious user of X-ray diffraction techniques. Compact and self-contained, this textbook is suitable for students taking X-ray diffraction courses towards specialization in materials science, physics, chemistry, or biology. Numerous clear-cut illustrations, an easy-to-read style of writing, as well as rather short, easily digestible chapters all facilitate comprehension.
