Download or read book Dynamic Models and Inequality written by Robin Maialeh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-29 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines empirical and theoretical research on economic inequality from the perspective of dynamic models. By using advanced mathematical tools, it reveals fundamental market dynamics and underlines the role of subsistence constraints and competition in economic distribution.

Download or read book Dynamic Travel Choice Models written by Huey-Kuo Chen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains up-to-date and accessible material, plus all the necessary mathematical background. By verifying the asymmetric property of the dynamic link travel time function, while identifying the inflow, exit flow and number of vehicles on a physical link as three different states over time, the author adopts a variational inequality approach using one time-space link variable. This is then used to formulate problems with deterministic, stochastic and fuzzy traffic information. The book is thus of particular interest to those readers involved in aspects of model formulation, solution algorithm, equivalence analysis and numerical examples.

Download or read book Families in an Era of Increasing Inequality written by Paul R. Amato and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-07 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The widening gap between the rich and the poor is turning the American dream into an impossibility for many, particularly children and families. And as the children of low-income families grow to adulthood, they have less access to opportunities and resources than their higher-income peers--and increasing odds of repeating the experiences of their parents. Families in an Era of Increasing Inequality probes the complex relations between social inequality and child development and examines possibilities for disrupting these ongoing patterns. Experts across the social sciences track trends in marriage, divorce, employment, and family structure across socioeconomic strata in the U.S. and other developed countries. These family data give readers a deeper understanding of how social class shapes children's paths to adulthood and how those paths continue to diverge over time and into future generations. In addition, contributors critique current policies and programs that have been created to reduce disparities and offer suggestions for more effective alternatives. Among the topics covered: Inequality begins at home: the role of parenting in the diverging destinies of rich and poor children. Inequality begins outside the home: putting parental educational investments into context. How class and family structure impact the transition to adulthood. Dealing with the consequences of changes in family composition. Dynamic models of poverty-related adversity and child outcomes. The diverging destinies of children and what it means for children's lives. As new initiatives are sought to improve the lives of families and children in the short and long term, Families in an Era of Increasing Inequality is a key resource for researchers and practitioners in family studies, social work, health, education, sociology, demography, and psychology.

Download or read book Dynamics with Inequalities written by David E. Stewart and published by SIAM. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses dynamics with inequalities comprehensively. The author develops the theory and application of dynamical systems that incorporate some kind of hard inequality constraint, such as mechanical systems with impact; electrical circuits with diodes (as diodes permit current flow in only one direction); and social and economic systems that involve natural or imposed limits (such as traffic flow, which can never be negative, or inventory, which must be stored within a given facility). This book demonstrates that hard limits - eschewed in most dynamical models - are natural models for many dynamic phenomena, and there are ways of creating differential equations with hard constraints that provide accurate models of many physical, biological, and economic systems. The author discusses how finite- and infinite-dimensional problems are treated in a unified way so the theory is applicable to both ordinary differential equations and partial differential equations.

Download or read book Economic Dynamics Methods and Models written by G Gandolfo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1971-01-01 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic Dynamics: Methods and Models aims to give a simple but comprehensive treatment of mathematical methods used in economic dynamics and show how they are utilized to build and to analyze dynamic models. The text also focuses on methods, and every mathematical technique introduced is followed by its application to selected models. The book is divided into three different parts. Part I: Different Equations discusses general principles; first-order, second-order, higher-order equations; simultaneous systems; and their economic applications. Part II: Differential Equations also discusses the same areas as those in Part I, but instead features differential equations, as what the section name suggests. Part III: More Advanced Material covers comparative statistics and the comparative principle; stability of equilibrium and Liapunov's second method; and linear mixed differential and difference equations, as well as its other related topics. The text is recommended for mathematicians and economists who have an idea on advanced mathematics and would like to know more about its applications in economics.

Download or read book The Impact of Monetary Policy on Economic Inequality written by Patricia Dörr and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-28 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The extensive monetary policy of central banks during the Great Recession has re-newed the interest in the relation between (possibly) non-neutral money and wealth and income inequality. In this work, a dynamic general equilibrium model approach is used to study the effects of an inflation rate change on inequality. These effects are found to be temporary and to work through two channels: First, at the consumer level, intertemporal substitution effects differ even under an identical policy rule of all agents due to individual skill and capital endowments. This implies a transitory effect of inflation rate changes on inequality. Second, an indirect effect results from different capital intensities in industrial branches and capital-labour substitution effects. This may be endorsed by varying individual skill levels. The theoretical model‘s implications are tested empirically in a time series analysis on US data.

Download or read book Equilibrium Models and Variational Inequalities written by Igor Konnov and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-02-08 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of equilibrium plays a central role in various applied sciences, such as physics (especially, mechanics), economics, engineering, transportation, sociology, chemistry, biology and other fields. If one can formulate the equilibrium problem in the form of a mathematical model, solutions of the corresponding problem can be used for forecasting the future behavior of very complex systems and, also, for correcting the the current state of the system under control. This book presents a unifying look on different equilibrium concepts in economics, including several models from related sciences. - Presents a unifying look on different equilibrium concepts and also the present state of investigations in this field- Describes static and dynamic input-output models, Walras, Cassel-Wald, spatial price, auction market, oligopolistic equilibrium models, transportation and migration equilibrium models- Covers the basics of theory and solution methods both for the complementarity and variational inequality problems- The methods are illustrated by applications and exercises to economic equilibrium models

Download or read book Inequality Structures Dynamics and Mechanisms written by Arne L. Kalleberg and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-12-04 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aage Sorensen was an influential intellectual presence who was one of the world's leading authorities on social stratification and the sociology of education. His research sought to understand the structures, dynamics and mechanisms that underlie inequalities in industrial societies by focusing on how individuals' attainments are shaped by characteristics of a society's or organization's opportunity structure, on the one hand, and individuals' education, experience and other human capital resources, on the other. He emphasized inequalities associated with education and schooling, class, and stratification outcomes such as income and occupational status. Within these general foci, he tackled the study of phenomena as diverse as rates of learning in elementary school reading groups and promotion patterns in large industrial corporations. The chapters of this volume illustrate some of the major themes that characterized Aage's research; these topics are also likely to constitute important concerns for future efforts to understand structured social inequality in society. These themes include: the development of explicit dynamic models to account for observed patterns of education, career, and labor market outcomes; aspects of educational inequality such as school effects and learning opportunities; issues related to intragenerational mobility and careers; and the role of rents in generating structural inequality.

Download or read book Essays on Dynamic Nonlinear Time Series Models and on Gender Inequality written by Deepankar Basu and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: My dissertation research has two distinct foci: one, studying problems of estimation and inference in dynamic nonlinear econometric models (first three chapters); and two, studying issues related to the problem of gender inequality in developing countries (last two chapters). The first chapter develops a framework to study dynamic discrete ordered choice behavior in situations where past choices directly influence current choices. I study such choice situations - in a time series setting - with a novel specification of a dynamic multinomial ordered choice model, where the latent variable is allowed to depend on lags of the choice variable. The second chapter highlights a potential problem in a binary choice duration model, where duration dependence is used as a regressor to capture persistence. I show that if such a model is extended to a situation where T is large, a problem of internal consistency will arise. This is because the dependent variable converges in probability to unity and the information matrix becomes singular. The third chapter develops a random threshold autoregressive (RTAR) model which generalizes the standard threshold autoregressive (TAR) models by allowing the threshold parameter in a two regime TAR model to be a random variable. I demonstrate that the RTAR model has a strictly stationarity solution which is also near epoch dependent. The fourth chapter develops and tests a simple model for the generation of gender inequality at the aggregate level in the absence of direct discrimination against girls. The results of the model is driven by son preference leading to male-preferring stopping rules on fertility decisions; this results in girls being born, on average, into larger families and as elder children within families. Both these generate disadvantageous position for girls at the aggregate level. In the backdrop of the debate on missing women (Oster, 2005), the fifth chapter of my dissertation empirically tests for two competing explanations of the increasing sex ratio at birth (SRB) in India: prevalence of hepatitis B and human intervention in the form of sex selective abortion or female infanticide. I find that human intervention rather than hepatitis B explains the increasing SRB in India.

Download or read book Economic Growth and Inequality written by Vadim Kufenko and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-18 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vadim Kufenko provides a theoretical and empirical analysis of various aspects of economic growth and income inequality in the Russian regions using different estimation techniques from the cross-section OLS and logistic models to dynamic panel data system GMM. The general period for the data is 1995-2012. Acknowledging the crucial role of human capital, the author models the brain-drain using game theory and shows that the owners of human capital may have monetary as well as institutional motives. He states that the income gap between the regional elite and the population is a robust positive determinant of the risk of protests. ​

Download or read book Taking Down the Wall Transition and Inequality written by Mr.Serhan Cevik and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2020-02-14 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the main determinants of income inequality in transition countries during the period 1990–2018. To this end, we address a major methodological challenge that lies at the core of the cross-country literature on income inequality: the potential endogeneity of income growth, which is largely ignored by most empirical studies. We adopt a two-pronged empirical strategy by (i) using trading partners’ weighted average real GDP as an instrumental variable (IV), and (ii) estimating the model via the two-stage least squares (2SLS) approach for static models and the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator for dynamic models. Our empirical findings are consistent with the Kuznets curve that illustrates a nonlinear relationship between income inequality and the level of economic development. We also find that the redistributive impact of fiscal policy is statistically insignificant and taxation and government spending appear to have the opposing effects on income inequality in transition economies.

Download or read book Inequality Structures Dynamics and Mechanisms written by Arne L. Kalleberg and published by JAI Press. This book was released on 2005-01-13 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aage Sorensen was an influential intellectual presence who was one of the world's leading authorities on social stratification and the sociology of education. His research sought to understand the structures, dynamics and mechanisms that underlie inequalities in industrial societies by focusing on how individuals' attainments are shaped by characteristics of a society's or organization's opportunity structure, on the one hand, and individuals' education, experience and other human capital resources, on the other. He emphasized inequalities associated with education and schooling, class, and stratification outcomes such as income and occupational status. Within these general foci, he tackled the study of phenomena as diverse as rates of learning in elementary school reading groups and promotion patterns in large industrial corporations. The chapters of this volume illustrate some of the major themes that characterized Aage's research; these topics are also likely to constitute important concerns for future efforts to understand structured social inequality in society. These themes include: the development of explicit dynamic models to account for observed patterns of education, career, and labor market outcomes; aspects of educational inequality such as school effects and learning opportunities; issues related to intragenerational mobility and careers; and the role of rents in generating structural inequality.

Download or read book Network Economics written by Anna Nagurney and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the publication of the first edition of Network Economics: A Variational Inequality Approach in 1993, there have been many ad vances in both methodological developments, as well as, applications in this field. These have occurred in an environment of an increasingly networked global economy, in which the importance of transportation networks and communication networks is now well-recognized, with net works such as knowledge networks, environmental networks, and finan cial networks receiving growing attention. This edition adds recent research progress in new and evolving ar eas of network economics through common and unifying principles. In addition, it includes dynamic models of traffic, of spatially separated markets, of oligopolistic markets, and of financial markets. In order to expand the range and reach of this material, we have also included a series of problems in an appendix for self-study purposes and for use in the classroom. We note that computational economics has been at the forefront in stimulating the development of mathematical methodologies for the analysis and solution of complex, large-scale problems. The past fifteen years, in particular, have witnessed a dramatic growth of interest in this area. Supported by the increasing availability of data and by advances in computer architectures, the scale and dimensions of problems that can now be handled are unveiling new horizons in both theoretical modeling and policy analysis.

Download or read book The Origins of Inequality written by Per Molander and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-03-07 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a unified approach to the problem of inequality, combining results from a variety of research fields – the human life cycle, group dynamics, networks, markets, and economic geography. Its main message is that inequality emerges as the natural result of mechanisms operating both in individual human development and in social interaction. It posits that inequality is not an anomalous deviation from a naturally egalitarian social structure; quite to the contrary, inequality is to be expected as part of the human condition. The author states that the growth of inequality, on the other hand, is not a natural law – the level and character of inequality can be affected by collective decisions. This perspective on human inequality has potentially far-reaching consequences both for the political philosophy of inequality and for public policy-making. This book is of interest to a wide interdisciplinary social science readership, including public policy, decision sciences, economic geography, and life course studies.

Download or read book Growing Inequality written by George A. Kaplan and published by . This book was released on 2017-05-09 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book begins the process of unraveling some of the most 'wicked' problems in public health." - Tony Iton, MD, JD, MPH-The California Endowment Growing evidence indicates that no single factor-but a system of intertwined causes-explains why America's health is poorer than the health of other wealthy countries and why health inequities persist despite our efforts. Teasing apart the relationships between these many causes to find solutions has proven extraordinarily difficult. But now researchers are uncovering groundbreaking insights using computer-based systems science tools to simulate how these determinants come together to produce levels of population health and disparities and test new solutions. The culmination of over five years of work by experts from a more than a dozen disciplines, this book represents a bold step forward in identifying why some populations are healthy and others are not. Describing a series of studies that apply the techniques of systems science, it shows how these tools can be used to increase our understanding of the individual, group, and institutional factors that generate a wide range of health and social problems. Most importantly, it demonstrates the utility and power of these techniques to both wisely guide our understanding and help policy makers know what works. ... an intellectually courageous undertaking. It faces up to the reality of complexity in the social determinants of health. Its achievements and its documentation of difficulties will serve as a valuable foundation for the next generation of scientists and scholars who aim to understand the determinants of health and of health disparities." - Harvey V. Fineberg, MD, PhD, President, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and Former President, the Institute of Medicine ...goes beyond the search for a simplistic answer to health disparities and instead embraces the complexity. This is exactly what is needed if we are to improve population health and eliminate disparities." - Thomas A. LaVeist, PhD, Chairman, Department of Health Policy & Management, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University It is increasingly likely that in the non-distant future that population health policy will be fully informed by a coherent computational decision-support system that integrates data, analytics, systems modeling, forecasting, and cost-effectiveness. This book marks a serious movement toward that future." - Donald S. Burke, MD, Associate Vice Chancellor for Global Health, Dean, Graduate School of Public Health UPMC, Jonas Salk Professor of Global Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh Recent review of Growing Inequality by Interdisciplinary Association of Population Health Science (IAPHS): https: //iaphs.org/book-review-complex-systems-population-health-insights-network-inequality-complexity-health/

Download or read book Ower Infrastructure and Income Inequality written by Victor Medeiros and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Model Reduction for Dynamic Systems with Time Delays written by Qing Wang and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Model Reduction for Dynamic Systems With Time Delays: a Linear Matrix Inequality Approach" by Qing, Wang, 王卿, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled Model Reduction for Dynamic Systems with Time Delays: A Linear Matrix Inequality Approach submitted by Qing Wang for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Hong Kong April 2007 Studies of dynamic systems with time delays have received considerable research atten- tions in recent years because of their wide applicability in modeling a variety of physical systems. Thisstudyfocusesonderivingloworderdynamicsystemsfromhigherorderones accordingtocertainapproximationcriteria, withaparticularemphasisonthosewithtime delays. The proposed reduced order models guarantee the same structural characteristics astheoriginalones. Theapproximationcriterion is chosento bethe energy-to-peak gain, which is a new performance index for dynamic systems with time delays, or H norm of theerrorsystemsbetweentheoriginalsystemsandthereducedones. Themodelreduction problems are then formulated as sequential linear matrix inequality (LMI) minimization problems. Four di(R)erent kinds of dynamic systems are considered in this research: (a) retarded systems with time-varying delay; (b) neutral systems with time-varying delays; (c) polytopic systems with time-varying delays; and (d) discrete-time Markovian jump systems with mode-dependent time delays. Systematic studies are carried out to o(R)er the general solution to these problems and they are outlined as follows: (1) Performancecriteria. Delay-dependentperformanceconditionsrelatedtoenergy- to-peak gain or H norm of dynamic systems with time delays are given in terms of LMIs, which are crucial to the development of the proposed model reduction problems. The energy-to-peak gain performance of above systems is considered for the rst time and is also used as an approximation criterion for the proposed model reduction problems. (2) Characterization of reduced order models. The reduced order models with undetermined system matrices must assure the same structure as those of the orig- inal systems. The state variables of the error systems compose the states of the original and reduced order systems, and the output variables of the error systems are denoted by the di(R)erence between the outputs of the original systems and those of the reduced ones. With the aid of the projection lemma, delay-dependent su- cient conditions are derived for the characterization of the reduced order models in terms of LMIs with inverse constraints. They ensure that the reduced order models are stable and the energy-to-peak gain or H norm of the error systems is less than some given value. (3) Model reduction algorithms. Ecient algorithms designed based on the cone complementarity linearization (CCL) technique are applied to solve LMI problems under inverse constraints, which are further transformed into LMI minimization problems. Furthermore, the proposed algorithms are successfully implemented on the platform of Robust Control Toolbox of MATLAB. Detailed algorithms to con- struct the reduced order models are provided. (4) Numericalexamples. Todemonstratethee(R)ectivenessoftheCCLalgorithmand the validity of the theoretical results, numerical examples are provided to generate reduced order models for di(R)erent kinds of dynamic systems with time delays. DOI: 10.5353/th_b3864543 Subjects: Matrix inequalities Time delay systems System theory - Mathematical models