Download or read book Corrosion of Steel in Concrete written by J.P. Broomfield and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-12-12 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete is a major problem facing civil engineers and surveyors throughout the world today. There will always be a need to build stuctures in corrosive environments and it is therefore essential to address the problems that result. Corrosion of Steel in Concrete provides information on corrosion of steel in at

Download or read book The Alkali Silica Reaction in Concrete written by R N Swamy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1991-09-01 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the fundamental causes and spectrum effects of ASR. It considers he advances that have been made in our understanding of this problem throughout the world.

Download or read book Limit Analysis and Concrete Plasticity written by M.P. Nielsen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 810 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1984, Limit Analysis and Concrete Plasticity explains for advanced design engineers the principles of plasticity theory and its application to the design of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures, providing a thorough understanding of the subject, rather than simply applying current design formulas. Updated and revised th

Download or read book Mini Nutritional Assessment MNA written by Bruno J. Vellas and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 1999 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first of a new series which will present the proceedings of the newly established Nestlé Nutrition Workshop Series: Clinical & Performance Programme aimed at adult nutrition. Undernutrition is a common phenomenon in elderly people, and malnutrition reaches significant levels in those being in hospital, nursing homes or home care programs. Consequences of malnutrition often go unrecognised owing to the lack of specific validated instruments to assess nutritional status in frail elderly persons. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) provides a single, rapid assessment of nutritional status in the elderly of different degrees of independence, allowing the prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition to be determined and to evaluate the efficacy of nutritional intervention and strategies. Easy, quick and economical to perform, it enables staff to check the nutritional status of elderly people when they enter hospitals or institutions and to monitor changes occurring during their stay. Moreover, the MNA is predictive of the cost of care and length of stay in hospital. This publication will be of immense assistance to heads of geriatric teaching units, teachers in nutrition, clinicians general practitioners and dieticians, enabling them to better detect, recognise and start treatment of malnutrition in the elderly.

Download or read book Joining of Nickel base Alloys written by R. M. Evans and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book FRP Reinforcement in RC Structures written by fib Fédération internationale du béton and published by fib Fédération internationale du béton. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: fib Bulletin 40 deals mainly with the use of FRP bars as internal reinforcement for concrete structures. The background of the main physical and mechanical properties of FRP reinforcing bars is presented, with special emphasis on durability aspects. For each of the typical ultimate and serviceability limit states, the basic mechanical model is given, followed by different design models according to existing codes or design guidelines. Composite FRP materials are still relatively new in construction and most engineers are unfamiliar with their properties and characteristics. The second chapter of this bulletin therefore aims to provide practising engineers with the necessary background knowledge in this field, and also presents typical products currently available in the international market. The third chapter deals with the issue of durability and identifies the parameters that can lead to deterioration, which is necessary information when addressing design issues. A series of parameters is used to identify the allowable stress in the FRP after exposure for a specified period of time in a specific environment. The bulletin covers the issues of Ultimate Limit States (primarily dealing with flexural design), Serviceability Limit States (dealing with deflections and cracking), Shear and Punching Shear and Bond and Tension Stiffening. It provides not only the state-of-the-art but also in many cases ideas for the next generation of design guidelines. The final chapter deals with the fundamental issue of design philosophy. The use of these new materials as concrete reinforcement has forced researchers to re-think many of the fundamental principles used until now in RC design. The bulletin ends with a discussion of a possible new framework for developing partial safety factors to ensure specific safety levels that will be flexible enough to cope with new materials.

Download or read book Opuntia spp Chemistry Bioactivity and Industrial Applications written by Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-27 with total page 1045 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Opuntia fruits, commonly known as cactus pears or prickly pears, have been suggested by the Food and Agriculture Organization to be a promising and strategic crop in regions suffering from lack of water. In Mexico, India, South Africa, and the Mediterranean, the Opuntia fruits have become popular due to their nutritive value and health-promoting benefits, including antioxidant, antiulcerogenic and antiatherogenic traits and protective effects against LDL oxidation. Additionally, readily absorbable sugars, high vitamin C and mineral content, and a pleasant flavour make Opuntia tailor-made for novel foods. Due to their ecological advantages, high functional value, and health-related traits, Opuntia fruits can be highly exploited in different food processing applications. For instance, Opuntia cactus fruits are used for the preparation of juices and marmalades; Opuntia cactus plants are used to feed animals in African and Latin American countries; Peruvian farmers cultivate Opuntia cactus for growing the cochineal (Dactylopius coccus) insect and producing the natural dye carmine; and the commercial production of food and non-food products from Opuntia has been established in Mexico, USA and several Mediterranean countries. Opuntia spp.: Chemistry, Bioactivity and Industrial Applications creates a multidisciplinary forum of discussion on Opuntia cactus with special emphasis on its horticulture, post-harvest, marketability, chemistry, functionality, health-promoting properties, technology and processing. The text includes detailed discussion of the impact of traditional and innovative processing on the recovery of high-added value compounds from Opuntia spp. by-products. Later chapters explore the potential applications of Opuntia spp. in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical products.

Download or read book Materials Science of Concrete written by Jacques Marchand and published by Wiley-American Ceramic Society. This book was released on 1999 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 18 papers grapple with new problems and old ones that remain unresolved concerning sulfate attack on concrete, not considered one of the most prevalent mechanisms of concrete deterioration, but one that has received much attention lately because of costly litigation against manufacturers, developers, and others. The topics include the role of ettringite in external sulfate attack, microstructural alterations in permeable concrete, assessing damage and predicting service life of venerable concrete, a marine environment, and the adequacy of standards. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Download or read book Non Destructive Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Structures written by Christiane Maierhofer and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-07-27 with total page 631 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engineers have a range of sophisticated techniques at their disposal to evaluate the condition of reinforced concrete structures and non-destructive evaluation plays a key part in assessing and prioritising where money should be spent on repair or replacement of structurally deficient reinforced concrete structures. Non-destructive evaluation of reinforced concrete structures, Volume 2: Non-destructive testing methods reviews the latest non-destructive testing techniques for reinforced concrete structures and how they are used.Part one discusses planning and implementing non-destructive testing of reinforced concrete structures with chapters on non-destructive testing methods for building diagnosis, development of automated NDE systems, structural health monitoring systems and data fusion. Part two reviews individual non-destructive testing techniques including wireless monitoring, electromagnetic and acoustic-elastic waves, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, acoustic emission evaluation, magnetic flux leakage, electrical resistivity, capacimetry, measuring the corrosion rate (polarization resistance) and the corrosion potential of reinforced concrete structures, ground penetrating radar, radar tomography, active thermography, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, stress wave propagation, impact-echo, surface and guided wave techniques and ultrasonics. Part three covers case studies including inspection of concrete retaining walls using ground penetrating radar, acoustic emission and impact echo techniques and using ground penetrating radar to assess an eight-span post-tensioned viaduct.With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Non-destructive evaluation of reinforced concrete structures, Volume 2: Non-destructive testing methods is a standard reference for civil and structural engineers as well as those concerned with making decisions regarding the safety of reinforced concrete structures. - Reviews the latest non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques and how they are used in practice - Explores the process of planning a non-destructive program features strategies for the application of NDT testing - A specific section outlines significant advances in individual NDT techniques and features wireless monitoring and electromagnetic and acoustic-elastic wave technology

Download or read book Model Code for Service Life Design written by fib Fédération internationale du béton and published by fib Fédération internationale du béton. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: fib Bulletin 34 addresses Service Life Design (SLD) for plain concrete, reinforced concrete and pre-stressed concrete structures, with a special focus on design provisions for managing the adverse effects of degradation. Its objective is to identify agreed durability related models and to prepare the framework for standardization of performance based design approaches. Four different options for SLD are given: - a full probabilistic approach, - a semi probabilistic approach (partial factor design), - deemed to satisfy rules, - avoidance of deterioration. The service life design approaches described in this document may be applied for the design of new structures, for updating the service life design if the structure exists and real material properties and/or the interaction of environment and structure can be measured (real concrete covers, carbonation depths), and for calculating residual service life. The bulletin is divided into five chapters: 1. General 2. Basis of design 3. Verification of Service Life Design 4. Execution and its quality management 5. Maintenance and condition control It also includes four informative annexes, which give background information and examples of procedures and deterioration models for the application in SLD. The format of Bulletin 34 follows the CEB-FIP tradition for Model Codes: the main provisions are given on the right-hand side of the page, and on the left-hand side, the comments. Note: An Italian translation of Bulletin 34 is also available; contact us for further details.

Download or read book Neck and Back Pain written by Alf L. Nachemson and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by world-renowned spine physicians, this volume presents a global view of what is known about neck and back pain. This evidence-based book emphasizes cost-effective diagnosis and treatment. Twenty-one chapters cover topics that range from epidemiology, psychological factors, and work-related influences to surgical and nonsurgical treatments, a review of social security systems, and recommendations.

Download or read book Alkali silica Reaction in Concrete written by D. W. Hobbs and published by Thomas Telford Publishing. This book was released on 1988 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Very Good,No Highlights or Markup,all pages are intact.

Download or read book Cement and Concrete Chemistry written by Wieslaw Kurdowski and published by Springer Science & Business. This book was released on 2014-04-24 with total page 705 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph describes cement clinker formation. It covers multicomponent systems, clinker phase structures and their reactions with water, hydrate composition and structure, as well as their physical properties. The mineral additions to cement are described as are their influence on cement-paste properties. Special cements are also discussed. The microstructure of concrete is then presented, and special emphasis is given to the role of the interfacial transition zone, and the corrosion processes in the light of cement-phase composition, mineral additions and w/c ratio. The admixtures' role in modern concrete technology is described with an emphasis on superplasticizer chemistry and its cement-paste rheological modification mechanism. Cement with atypical properties, such as calcium aluminate, white, low energy and expansive cements are characterized. The last part of the book is devoted to special types of concrete such as self compacting and to reactive powders.

Download or read book Retrofitting of Concrete Structures by Externally Bonded FRPs With Emphasis on Seismic Applications written by fib Fédération internationale du béton and published by fib Fédération internationale du béton. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: fib Bulletin 35 is the first bulletin to publish documentation from an fib short course. These courses are held worldwide and cover advanced knowledge of structural concrete in general, or specific topics. They are organized by fib and given by internationally recognized experts in fib, often supplemented with local experts active in fib. They are based on the knowledge and expertise from fib's ten Commissions and nearly fifty Task Groups. fib Bulletin 35 presents the course materials developed for the short course "Retrofitting of Concrete Structures through Externally Bonded FRP, with emphasis on Seismic Applications", given in Ankara and Istanbul in June 2005. The course drew on expertise both from outside Turkey and from the large pool of local experts on this subject. In most countries of the world, the building stock is ageing and needs continuous maintenance or repair. Moreover, the majority of existing constructions are deficient in the light of current knowledge and design codes. The problem of structural deficiency of existing constructions is especially acute in seismic regions, as, even there, seismic design of structures is relatively recent. The direct and indirect costs of demolition and reconstruction of structurally deficient constructions are often prohibitive; furthermore they entail a substantial waste of natural resources and energy. Therefore, structural retrofitting is becoming increasingly widespread throughout the world. Externally bonded Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRPs) are rapidly becoming the technique of choice for structural retrofitting. They are cleaner and easier to apply than conventional retrofitting techniques, reduce disruption to the occupancy and operation of the facility, do not generate debris or waste, and reduce health and accident hazards at the construction site as well as noise and air pollution in the surroundings. fib Bulletin 35 gives state-of-the-art coverage of retrofitting through FRPs and presents relevant provisions from three recent standardisation milestones: EN 1998-3:2005 "Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance - Part 3: Assessment and retrofitting of buildings", the 2005 Draft of the Turkish seismic design code, and the Italian regulatory document CNR-DT 200/04, "Instructions for Design, Execution and Control of Strengthening Interventions by Means of Fibre-Reinforced Composites" (2004).

Download or read book Stainless Steel in Concrete written by European Federation of Corrosion and published by Woodhead Publishing Limited. This book was released on 1996 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Durabilidad del concreto reforzado written by José Gabriel Goméz Cortés and published by Universidad Nacional de Colombia. This book was released on 2022-09-20 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Durabilidad del concreto reforzado es un libro de divulgación académica que presenta los temas esenciales sobre el comportamiento del concreto simple y reforzado ante la acción física y química de diferentes agentes externos. Adicionalmente, este libro recoge los resultados de investigaciones realizadas por el autor y sus experiencias en el área de la patología de estructuras en dicho material. En la actualidad, la permanencia de las construcciones es un aspecto determinante de la seguridad estructural, por esta razón se invita a considerar la durabilidad "por convicción mas que por coacción" en el diseño de las estructuras de concreto reforzado. La obra describe las propiedades físicas y químicas del concreto, haciendo énfasis en su permeabilidad. También presenta los diferentes agentes químicos que pueden atacarlo, como los sulfatos y los ácidos. Una parte importante del libro está dedicada a la reactividad del álcali en las partículas de agregado y a los procesos de carbonatación en el concreto. De igual manera, en su contenido se aborda el comportamiento de la piel del concreto normal y las particularidades en la durabilidad de los concretos de alto desempeño. Se cierra esta obra con la descripción del fenómeno de corrosión de las barras de acero de refuerzo.

Download or read book Electrical Testing of Cement Based Materials written by Robert Spragg and published by . This book was released on 2013-12-31 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These projects examined the potential for using electrical testing on concrete as a potential surrogate for obtaining information on ion and fluid transport. Electrical measurements are particularly attractive for use in quality control as they are easy to perform, are performed rapidly, and can be directly related to fluid transport. This work describes how electrical resistance measurements should be corrected for geometry to obtain a geometry independent resistivity or conductivity. Further, this work reviews and discusses several factors that influence the resistivity that is measured including porosity, pore connectivity, the role of temperature on degree of hydration (activation energy), temperature effects on conduction, ionic leaching, and the role of temperature and leaching on porosity.