Download or read book Draughtsmen Botanists and Nature written by Kärin Nickelsen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-21 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first in-depth study of eighteenth-century botanical illustrations. Its findings offer a completely new insight into the working practices of the botanists and scientific draughtsmen of this period. The author describes the different production stages of these illustrations. For the first time, the author presents a convincing description of how botanical illustrations developed, ascertaining the criteria that drove this process.
Download or read book Worlds of Natural History written by Helen Anne Curry and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-11-22 with total page 683 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the development of natural history since the Renaissance and contextualizes current discussions of biodiversity.
Download or read book Johann Reinhold Forster and the Making of Natural History on Cook s Second Voyage 1772 1775 written by Anne Mariss and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2019-09-09 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: James Cook’s voyages of exploration are a turning point not only in the history of the British Empire, but also in the history of science and exploration of the Pacific. The last decades have seen a wide-ranging scholarly interest in Cook’s voyages, focusing on their impact on European and Polynesian societies, their scientific results, and their protagonists, such as Cook himself or the nobleman Joseph Banks who took part in Cook’s first voyage of exploration. This book examines the hitherto underestimated role of the German scholar Johann Reinhold Forster who, together with his son Georg Forster, accompanied Cook on his second voyage of exploration (1772–1775) as a principal naturalist. For a long time, the German traveler has remained a rather shadowy figure of Cook’s voyages of exploration and has only attracted scholarly attention occasionally. Focusing on the making of knowledge onboard the ship and the islands where it made landfall, the study provides a historical reappraisal of Forster’s scientific performance as a leading naturalist of his time. By examining Forster’s Resolution Journal, Anne Mariss takes a microhistorical approach toward the making of natural history knowledge during the expedition to the Pacific. Mariss unveils the difficulties the traveling naturalists encountered while collecting, describing, classifying, and painting the natural world. Her study brings to light the contribution of the various actors who were involved in this undertaking, such as the scientific assistants, sailors, officers, and the local actors of the Pacific world.
Download or read book written by 刘华杰 and published by BEIJING BOOK CO. INC.. This book was released on 2021-11-11 with total page 799 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 本书基于新的知识观、历史观和生态观，依据博物学、科学史、文化史、环境史、思想史、科学哲学、科学社会学方面的大量文献，较系统地探讨了西方博物学文化的发展脉络。
Download or read book The Man Who Organized Nature written by Gunnar Broberg and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2023-07-11 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new biography of Carl Linnaeus, offering a vivid portrait of Linnaeus’s life and work Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778), known as the father of modern biological taxonomy, formalized and popularized the system of binomial nomenclature used to classify plants and animals. Linnaeus himself classified thousands of species; the simple and immediately recognizable abbreviation “L” is used to mark classifications originally made by Linnaeus. This biography, by the leading authority on Linnaeus, offers a vivid portrait of Linnaeus’s life and work. Drawing on a wide range of previously unpublished sources—including diaries and personal correspondence—as well as new research, it presents revealing and original accounts of his family life, the political context in which he pursued his work, and his eccentric views on sexuality. The Man Who Organized Nature describes Linnaeus’s childhood in a landscape of striking natural beauty and how this influenced his later work. Linnaeus’s Lutheran pastor father, knowledgeable about plants and an enthusiastic gardener, helped foster an early interest in botany. The book examines the political connections that helped Linnaeus secure patronage for his work, and untangles his ideas about sexuality. These were not, as often assumed, an attempt to naturalize gender categories but more likely reflected the laissez-faire attitudes of the era. Linnaeus, like many other brilliant scientists, could be moody and egotistical; the book describes his human failings as well as his medical and scientific achievements. Written in an engaging and accessible style, The Man Who Organized Nature—one of the only biographies of Linnaeus to appear in English—provides new and fascinating insights into the life of one of history’s most consequential and enigmatic scientists.
Download or read book Clandestine Marriage written by Theresa M. Kelley and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2012-11-09 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Romanticism was a cultural and intellectual movement characterized by discovery, revolution, and the poetic as well as by the philosophical relationship between people and nature. Botany sits at the intersection where romantic scientific and literary discourses meet. Clandestine Marriage explores the meaning and methods of how plants were represented and reproduced in scientific, literary, artistic, and material cultures of the period. Theresa M. Kelley synthesizes romantic debates about taxonomy and morphology, the contemporary interest in books and magazines devoted to plant study and images, and writings by such authors as Mary Wollstonecraft and Anna Letitia Barbauld. Period botanical paintings of flowers are reproduced in vibrant color, bringing her argument and the romantics' passion for plants to life. In addition to exploring botanic thought and practice in the context of British romanticism, Kelley also looks to the German philosophical traditions of Kant, Hegel, and Goethe and to Charles Darwin's reflections on orchids and plant pollination. Her interdisciplinary approach allows a deeper understanding of a time when exploration of the natural world was a culture-wide enchantment. -- Alan John Bewell, University of Toronto
Download or read book William Bartram s Visual Wonders written by Elizabeth A. Athens and published by University of Pittsburgh Press. This book was released on 2024-09-10 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pennsylvania naturalist William Bartram (1739–1823) is best known as the author of a travelogue describing his botanizing journey through the American South in the late eighteenth century. Writing was not, however, Bartram’s only or even preferred method of recording the natural world around him. His deeply unconventional drawings, depicting sentient plants and hybrid organic forms, lie at the heart of his understanding of nature. With this book, Elizabeth Athens considers the strangeness of Bartram’s graphic enterprise, exploring the essential role his renderings played in his natural history. For Bartram, the making and interpretation of figures on a surface was a dynamic and collaborative relationship between nature, the observing artist-naturalist, and the audience. This book offers the first in-depth investigation of Bartram’s drawing practice as central to his understanding of nature. Through an examination of Bartram’s approach to botanical and zoological representation, Athens highlights the struggle between different modes of seeing nature in eighteenth-century Enlightenment science.
Download or read book Women Collecting and Cultures Beyond Europe written by Arlene Leis and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-11-04 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines collecting around the world and how women have participated in and formed collections globally. The edited volume builds on recent research and offers a wider lens through which to examine and challenge women’s collecting histories. Spanning from the seventeenth century to the twenty-first (although not organized chronologically) the research herein extends beyond European geographies and across time periods; it brings to light new research on how artificiallia and naturallia were collected, transported, exchanged, and/or displayed beyond Europe. Women, Collecting and Cultures Beyond Europe considers collections as points of contact that forged transcultural connections and knowledge exchange. Some authors focus mainly on collectors and what was collected, while others consider taxonomies, travel, patterns of consumption, migration, markets, and the after life of things. In its broad and interdisciplinary approach, this book amplifies women’s voices, and aims to position their collecting practices toward new transcultural directions, including women’s relation to distinct cultures, customs, and beliefs as well as exposing the challenges women faced when carving a place for themselves within global networks. This study will be of interest to scholars working in collections and collecting, conservation, museum studies, art history, women’s studies, material and visual cultures, Indigenous studies, textile histories, global studies, history of science, social and cultural histories.
Download or read book Circulation and Control written by Marie-Stéphanie Delamaire and published by Open Book Publishers. This book was released on 2021-10-08 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nineteenth century witnessed a series of revolutions in the production and circulation of images. From lithographs and engraved reproductions of paintings to daguerreotypes, stereoscopic views, and mass-produced sculptures, works of visual art became available in a wider range of media than ever before. But the circulation and reproduction of artworks also raised new questions about the legal rights of painters, sculptors, engravers, photographers, architects, collectors, publishers, and subjects of representation (such as sitters in paintings or photographs). Copyright and patent laws tussled with informal cultural norms and business strategies as individuals and groups attempted to exert some degree of control over these visual creations. With contributions by art historians, legal scholars, historians of publishing, and specialists of painting, photography, sculpture, and graphic arts, this rich collection of essays explores the relationship between intellectual property laws and the cultural, economic, and technological factors that transformed the pictorial landscape during the nineteenth century. This book will be valuable reading for historians of art and visual culture; legal scholars who work on the history of copyright and patent law; and literary scholars and historians who work in the field of book history. It will also resonate with anyone interested in current debates about the circulation and control of images in our digital age.
Download or read book A Cultural History of Plants in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries written by Jennifer Milam and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2023-12-14 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Cultural History of Plants in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries covers the period from 1650 to 1800,a time of global exploration and the discovery of new species of plants and their potential uses. Trade routes were established which brought Europeans into direct contact with the plants and people of Asia, Oceania, Africa and the Americas. Foreign and exotic plants become objects of cultivation, collection, and display, whilst the applications of plants became central not only to naturalists, landowners, and gardeners but also to philosophers, artists, merchants, scientists, and rulers. As the Enlightenment took hold, the natural world became something to be grasped through reasoned understanding. The 6 volume set of the Cultural History of Plants presents the first comprehensive history of the uses and meanings of plants from prehistory to today. The themes covered in each volume are plants as staple foods; plants as luxury foods; trade and exploration; plant technology and science; plants and medicine; plants in culture; plants as natural ornaments; the representation of plants. Jennifer Milam is Pro Vice-Chancellor and Professor of Art History, University of Newcastle, Australia. Volume 4 in the Cultural History of Plants set. General Editors: Annette Giesecke, University of Delaware, USA, and David Mabberley, University of Oxford, UK.
Download or read book Ad vivum written by Thomas Balfe and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2019-06-07 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ad Vivum? explores the issues raised by this Latin term and its vernacular cognates al vivo, au vif, nach dem Leben and naer het leven with reference to a variety of visual materials produced and used in Europe before 1800.
Download or read book Explaining Photosynthesis written by Kärin Nickelsen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-06-17 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recounting the compelling story of a scientific discovery that took more than a century to complete, this trail-blazing monograph focuses on methodological issues and is the first to delve into this subject. This book charts how the biochemical and biophysical mechanisms of photosynthesis were teased out by succeeding generations of scientists, and the author highlights the reconstruction of the heuristics of modelling the mechanism—analyzed at both individual and collective levels. Photosynthesis makes for an instructive example. The first tentative ideas were developed by organic chemists around 1840, while by 1960 an elaborate proposal at a molecular level, for both light and dark reactions, was established. The latter is still assumed to be basically correct today. The author makes a persuasive case for a historically informed philosophy of science, especially regarding methodology, and advocates a history of science whose narrative deploys philosophical approaches and categories. She shows how scientists’ attempts to formulate, justify, modify, confirm or criticize their models are best interpreted as series of coordinated research actions, dependent on a network of super- and subordinated epistemic goals, and guided by recurrent heuristic strategies. With dedicated chapters on key figures such as Otto Warburg, who borrowed epistemic fundamentals from other disciplines to facilitate his own work on photosynthesis, and on more general topics relating to the development of the field after Warburg, this new work is both a philosophical reflection on the nature of scientific enquiry and a detailed history of the processes behind one of science’s most important discoveries.
Download or read book Visible Empire written by Daniela Bleichmar and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2012-10-08 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between 1777 and 1816, botanical expeditions crisscrossed the vast Spanish empire in an ambitious project to survey the flora of much of the Americas, the Caribbean, and the Philippines. While these voyages produced written texts and compiled collections of specimens, they dedicated an overwhelming proportion of their resources and energy to the creation of visual materials. European and American naturalists and artists collaborated to manufacture a staggering total of more than 12,000 botanical illustrations. Yet these images have remained largely overlooked—until now. In this lavishly illustrated volume, Daniela Bleichmar gives this archive its due, finding in these botanical images a window into the worlds of Enlightenment science, visual culture, and empire. Through innovative interdisciplinary scholarship that bridges the histories of science, visual culture, and the Hispanic world, Bleichmar uses these images to trace two related histories: the little-known history of scientific expeditions in the Hispanic Enlightenment and the history of visual evidence in both science and administration in the early modern Spanish empire. As Bleichmar shows, in the Spanish empire visual epistemology operated not only in scientific contexts but also as part of an imperial apparatus that had a long-established tradition of deploying visual evidence for administrative purposes.
Download or read book An Ocean of Literature John Henry Bohte and the Anglo German Book Trade in the Early Nineteenth Century written by Graham Jefcoate and published by Georg Olms Verlag. This book was released on 2020-01-13 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In den Jahren nach den Napoleonischen Kriegen gewann der in Bremen geborene John Henry Bohte (1784–1824) als Buchverkäufer und Verleger mit einem in London angesiedelten Import/Export-Geschäft und einer Präsenz in Leipzig schnell an Ansehen. Anfang 1813 eröffnete Bohte als noch Zwanzigjähriger seinen Laden in der York Street, Covent Garden. Er spezialisierte sich auf den Import deutscher Bücher und deutscher Ausgaben der griechischen und römischen Klassiker, vereinigte sein Einzelhandelsgeschäft aber schnell mit der „Deutschen Lesebibliothek“. Anfang 1820 wurde er als „Ausländischer Buchhändler seiner Majestät, dem König“ mit einem „Royal Warrant“, dem Hoflieferantenstatus, ausgezeichnet. Das Portfolio der Produkte und Dienstleistungen von Bohtes Geschäft umfasste nicht nur den Import deutscher Bücher, sondern auch ein ambitioniertes Verlagsprogramm für die Bereiche der deutschen und englischen Literatur, der klassischen Philologie und Naturgeschichte. Bohtes regelmäßige und lange Reisen nach Deutschland zur Leipziger Buchmesse reflektierten seine Ambition, zudem einer der Hauptexporteure englischer Bücher für den Kontinent zu werden. In den Worten eines anonymen Rezensenten wurde Bohte als „der temperamentvollste und nützlichste Buchverkäufer“ betrachtet. Trotz seines frühen Todes im Alter von 40 Jahren in London im Jahr 1824 hinterließ er wichtige Nachlässe sowohl in London als auch in Leipzig. In seiner Biografie von J. H. Bohte, "An Ocean of Literature", nutzt Graham Jefcoate eine umfangreiche Auswahl von Materialien aus Sammlungen in Großbritannien, Deutschland und weiteren Ländern, um die Rolle des Buchhandels im Laufe des deutsch-britischen Austauschs des frühen 19. Jahrhunderts zu veranschaulichen. ****** In the years following the Napoleonic Wars, the Bremen-born John Henry Bohte (1784-1824) quite rapidly acquired a reputation as a bookseller and publisher, with an import/export business based in London and also a presence in Leipzig. Bohte opened his shop in York Street, Covent Garden, in early 1813, while still in his twenties. He specialised in importing German books and German editions of the Greek and Roman classics, but soon combined his retail business with a German circulating library, the “Deutsche Lesebibliothek”. In early 1820, he was awarded a Royal Warrant as “Foreign Bookseller to His Majesty the King”. The portfolio of products and services offered by Bohte’s business included not just the importation of German books, but also an ambitious publishing programme in the fields of German and English literature, classical philology and natural history. Bohte’s regular and prolonged trips to Germany to attend the Leipzig Easter Book Fairs reflected his ambition to become a major exporter of English books to the continent too. In the words of one anonymous reviewer, Bohte was considered “a most spirited and most useful bookseller”. Although he died suddenly in London in 1824, aged only forty, he left an important legacy in both London and Leipzig. In his biography of J. H. Bohte, An Ocean of Literature, Graham Jefcoate has used a wide range of materials from collections in Britain, Germany and elsewhere to illuminate the role of the book trade in the process of Anglo-German exchange in the early nineteenth century.
Download or read book Flora s Fieldworkers written by Ann Shteir and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 2022-08-09 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Catharine Parr Traill came to Upper Canada in 1832 as a settler from England, she brought along with her ties to British botanical culture. Nonetheless, when she arrived she encountered a new natural landscape and, like other women chronicled in this book, set out to advance the botanical knowledge of the time from the Canadian field. Flora’s Fieldworkers employs biography, botanical data, herbaria specimens, archival sources, letters, institutional records, book history, and abundant artwork to reconstruct the ways in which women studied and understood plants in the nineteenth century. It features figures ranging from elite women involved in imperial botanical projects in British North America to settler-colonial women in Ontario and Australia – most of whom were scarcely visible in the historical record – who were active in “plant work” as collectors, writers, artists, craft workers, teachers, and organizers. Understood as an appropriate pastime for genteel ladies, botany offered women pathways to scientific education, financial autonomy, and self-expression. The call for more diverse voices in the present must look to the past as well. Bringing botany to historians and historians to botany, Flora’s Fieldworkers gathers compelling material about women in colonial and imperial Canada and Australia to take a new look at how we came to know what we know about plants.
Download or read book The Notorious Sir John Hill written by George Sebastian Rousseau and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2012 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first biography of one of Georgian England's most notorious figures, who thrived on scandal, fracas, and the cultivation of notoriety. Despite this he managed to make contributions to diverse fields, including botany, geology, literature, medicine and the professionalization of science, whose value has stood the test of time. Hill appears here in the company of other illuminati such as Samuel Johnson, Henry Fielding, Laurence Sterne, Oliver Goldsmith, Christopher Smart, Linnaeus, Haller and the Fellows of the Royal Society.
Download or read book Ichthyology in Context 1500 1880 written by Paul J. Smith and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-12-28 with total page 777 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ichthyology in Context (1500–1880) provides a broad spectre of early modern manifestations of human fascination with fish – “fish” understood in the early modern sense of the term, as aquatilia: all aquatic animals, including sea mammals and crustaceans. It addresses the period’s quickly growing knowledge about fish in its multiple, varied and rapidly changing interaction with culture. This topic is approached from various disciplines: history of science, cultural history, history of collections, historical ecology, art history, literary studies, and lexicology. Attention is given to the problematic questions of visual and textual representation of fish, and pre- and post-Linnean classification and taxonomy. This book also explores the transnational exchange of ichthyological knowledge and items in and outside Europe. Contributors: Cristina Brito, Tobias Bulang, João Paulo S. Cabral, Florike Egmond, Dorothee Fischer, Holger Funk, Dirk Geirnaert, Philippe Glardon, Justin R. Hanisch, Bernardo Jerosch Herold, Rob Lenders, Alan Moss, Doreen Mueller, Johannes Müller, Martien J.P. van Oijen, Pietro Daniel Omodeo, Anne M. Overduin-de Vries, Theodore W. Pietsch, Cynthia Pyle, Marlise Rijks, Paul J. Smith, Ronny Spaans, Robbert Striekwold, Melinda Susanto, Didi van Trijp, Sabina Tsapaeva, and Ching-Ling Wang.
