Download or read book Dosimetry of Small Static Fields Used in External Beam Radiotherapy written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2018-01-31 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first international code of practice dedicated to the dosimetry of small static fields used in radiotherapy. It provides consistent reference dosimetry, traceable to metrological primary standards, and enables common procedures within a country to be followed for small field dosimetry. The publication presents an overview of the physics, followed by a general formalism for reference dosimetry in small fields. Guidelines for its practical implementation using suitable detectors and methods for the determination of field output factors are given for specific clinical machines that use small static fields. The development of this code of practice has been done through an international working group, established jointly with the American Association of Physicists in Medicine. Internationally harmonized guidelines in this field will ensure worldwide consistency in dose delivery to radiotherapy patients and will contribute to dose standardization in international clinical trial studies, comparing outcomes of various radiotherapy treatment modalities using small fields.
Download or read book Reference Dosimetry and Small field Dosimetry in External Beam Radiotherapy written by Danmarks tekniske universitet and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radiation Oncology Physics written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA. This book was released on 2005 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is aimed at students and teachers involved in teaching programmes in field of medical radiation physics, and it covers the basic medical physics knowledge required in the form of a syllabus for modern radiation oncology. The information will be useful to those preparing for professional certification exams in radiation oncology, medical physics, dosimetry or radiotherapy technology.
Download or read book Reference Dosimetry of Static Nonstandard Radiation Therapy Fields written by Lalageh Mirzakhanian and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In radiotherapy, radiation field sizes smaller than 3x3 cm2 have been widely used, however, dosimetry of small fields is very complex and requires calibration methodologies that are different than the calibration methodologies used for the radiotherapy machines with conventional field size. To provide recommendations on dosimetry of small fields, a working group was formed by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in collaboration with the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM). In 2017, the working group published a new Code of Practice (COP) termed the IAEA-AAPM Technical Report Series (TRS) No 483 (TRS-483). The TRS-483 defines a formalism for the dosimetry of static small and nonstandard fields used in radiotherapy and introduces the correction factor kmsr for calibration purposes.One example of the use of small and nonstandard fields in radiotherapy is the Leksell Gamma Knife (LGK). The LGK is a cranial radiosurgery generator containing 192 60Co sources arranged in a cone section configuration which delivers small radiation fields with the maximum field size of 16 mm diameter (Perfexion model). The kmsr values for calibration of LGK are tabulated in TRS-483. However, these data are limited to a few chamber types, a single orientation of the chamber, and only two phantom materials. Moreover, the kmsr values in TRS-483 have not been validated experimentally for the LGK.The 1st aim of this thesis was to provide the data for reference dosimetry of LGK for different chamber types, phantoms and orientations of chambers. First the kmsr values for 9 common ionization chamber types and 6 phantom materials used in the calibration of LGK Perfexion model were calculated using Monte Carlo (MC). A relationship was derived between the kmsr values and the electron density of the phantom material. Therefore, kmsr for any phantom material type of known electron density can be determined. Secondly, the calculated kmsr factors for the calibration of the LGK unit were experimentally validated. The TRS-483 with the aforementioned correction factors was compared to two other calibration protocols of the LGK. Applying the kmsr values to the measured dose rates using the LGK unit resulted in dose rates that were consistent to within 0.4%. A 2nd radiation therapy unit that uses nonstandard fields is the recently developed RefleXion biology-guided radiotherapy (BgRT) machine which combines stereotactic radiotherapy with positron-emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) imaging systems. The closest possible field size to a reference field in this system is 10x2 cm2 or possibly 10x3 cm2 at the isocenter. The BgRT is a new machine and there is no available data on its reference dosimetry. The calibration of this machine is challenging and the TRS-483 cannot be directly applied.The goal of this thesis in chapters 5 and 6 was therefore to provide a methodology for reference dosimetry of machines with fields as small as 10x2 cm2 and to provide the data for calibration of BgRT. We extended the TRS-483 methodology to 10x2 cm2 field size and provided 2 calibration methods. We recommended using the 1st approach, however, if the kmsr values are not available, the second calibration method can be used to predict the kmsr factors. However, the 2nd methodology should not be used for chambers with electrode materials of high atomic number Z. Next, we provided the data for calibration of the BgRT using the two methodologies. The kmsr values calculated using the two approaches were within 0.27% for all chambers except the IBA CC01, which has an electrode made of high Z material. We provided the kmsr values as a function of the beam quality specifier at the BgRT for 6 chamber types.The 1st part of this thesis provided data for reference dosimetry of LGK. The 2nd part provided 2 calibration approaches and data for the BgRT. Overall this work contributed to improved accuracy in reference dosimetry of nonstandard beams"--
Download or read book Radiation Therapy Dosimetry written by Arash Darafsheh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-03-08 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive book covers the everyday use and underlying principles of radiation dosimeters used in radiation oncology clinics. It provides an up-to-date reference spanning the full range of current modalities with emphasis on practical know-how. The main audience is medical physicists, radiation oncology physics residents, and medical physics graduate students. The reader gains the necessary tools for determining which detector is best for a given application. Dosimetry of cutting edge techniques from radiosurgery to MRI-guided systems to small fields and proton therapy are all addressed. Main topics include fundamentals of radiation dosimeters, brachytherapy and external beam radiation therapy dosimetry, and dosimetry of imaging modalities. Comprised of 30 chapters authored by leading experts in the medical physics community, the book: Covers the basic principles and practical use of radiation dosimeters in radiation oncology clinics across the full range of current modalities. Focuses on providing practical guidance for those using these detectors in the clinic. Explains which detector is more suitable for a particular application. Discusses the state of the art in radiotherapy approaches, from radiosurgery and MR-guided systems to advanced range verification techniques in proton therapy. Gives critical comparisons of dosimeters for photon, electron, and proton therapies.
Download or read book Handbook of Dosimetry Data for Radiotherapy written by Shirish K. Jani and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1993-07-06 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Dosimetry Data for Radiotherapy is an important new reference featuring comprehensive data on external beam radiotherapy; brachytherapy sources; and special procedures such as total body irradiation (TBI), total body electron therapy (TBE), stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), and intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT). External beam data includes depth doses for photon and electron beams of most widely used treatment machines, and the book's brachytherapy section contains the physical and radiation parameters of commonly used radioactive sources. Handbook of Dosimetry Data for Radiotherapy is an excellent reference for physicists, dosimetrists, and radiation oncologists.
Download or read book Scintillation Dosimetry written by Sam Beddar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-06 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scintillation Dosimetry delivers a comprehensive introduction to plastic scintillation dosimetry, covering everything from basic radiation dosimetry concepts to plastic scintillating fiber optics. Comprised of chapters authored by leading experts in the medical physics community, the book: Discusses a broad range of technical implementations, from point source dosimetry scaling to 3D-volumetric and 4D-scintillation dosimetry Addresses a wide scope of clinical applications, from machine quality assurance to small-field and in vivo dosimetry Examines related optical techniques, such as optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) or Čerenkov luminescence Thus, Scintillation Dosimetry provides an authoritative reference for detailed, state-of-the-art information on plastic scintillation dosimetry and its use in the field of radiation dosimetry.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Ionizing Radiation Dosimetry written by Pedro Andreo and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-05-24 with total page 1362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new, comprehensively updated edition of the acclaimed textbook by F.H. Attix (Introduction to Radiological Physics and Radiation Dosimetry) taking into account the substantial developments in dosimetry since its first edition. This monograph covers charged and uncharged particle interactions at a level consistent with the advanced use of the Monte Carlo method in dosimetry; radiation quantities, macroscopic behaviour and the characterization of radiation fields and beams are covered in detail. A number of chapters include addenda presenting derivations and discussions that offer new insight into established dosimetric principles and concepts. The theoretical aspects of dosimetry are given in the comprehensive chapter on cavity theory, followed by the description of primary measurement standards, ionization chambers, chemical dosimeters and solid state detectors. Chapters on applications include reference dosimetry for standard and small fields in radiotherapy, diagnostic radiology and interventional procedures, dosimetry of unsealed and sealed radionuclide sources, and neutron beam dosimetry. The topics are presented in a logical, easy-to-follow sequence and the text is supplemented by numerous illustrative diagrams, tables and appendices. For senior undergraduate- or graduate-level students and professionals.
Download or read book Dosimetry in Brachytherapy An International Code of Practice for Secondary Standards Dosimetry Laboratories and Hospitals written by IAEA and published by International Atomic Energy Agency. This book was released on 2023-12-22 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brachytherapy process requires consistent reference dosimetry that is traceable to metrological primary standards and common procedures to be followed for reference dosimetry globally. The Code of Practice is addressed to both Secondary Standards Dosimetry Laboratories and hospitals. It fulfills the need for a systematic and internationally unified approach to the calibration and use of vented well-type re-entrant ionisation chambers in determining the strength of brachytherapy sources with intensities measurable by such detectors. The dosimetry formalism as well as common procedures for calibration, reference dosimetry, reference-class instrument assessment and commissioning of the well-type ionisation chamber system are provided.
Download or read book Handbook of Radiotherapy Physics written by Philip Mayles and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-12-30 with total page 1463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the essential background physics and radiobiology to the latest imaging and treatment modalities, the updated second edition of Handbook of Radiotherapy Physics: Theory & Practice covers all aspects of the subject. In Volume 1, Part A includes the Interaction of Radiation with Matter (charged particles and photons) and the Fundamentals of Dosimetry with an extensive section on small-field physics. Part B covers Radiobiology with increased emphasis on hypofractionation. Part C describes Equipment for Imaging and Therapy including MR-guided linear accelerators. Part D on Dose Measurement includes chapters on ionisation chambers, solid-state detectors, film and gels, as well as a detailed description and explanation of Codes of Practice for Reference Dose Determination including detector correction factors in small fields. Part E describes the properties of Clinical (external) Beams. The various methods (or ‘algorithms’) for Computing Doses in Patients irradiated by photon, electron and proton beams are described in Part F with increased emphasis on Monte-Carlo-based and grid-based deterministic algorithms. In Volume 2, Part G covers all aspects of Treatment Planning including CT-, MR- and Radionuclide-based patient imaging, Intensity-Modulated Photon Beams, Electron and Proton Beams, Stereotactic and Total Body Irradiation and the use of the dosimetric and radiobiological metrics TCP and NTCP for plan evaluation and optimisation. Quality Assurance fundamentals with application to equipment and processes are covered in Part H. Radionuclides, equipment and methods for Brachytherapy and Targeted Molecular Therapy are covered in Parts I and J, respectively. Finally, Part K is devoted to Radiation Protection of the public, staff and patients. Extensive tables of Physical Constants, Photon, Electron and Proton Interaction data, and typical Photon Beam and Radionuclide data are given in Part L. Edited by recognised authorities in the field, with individual chapters written by renowned specialists, this second edition of Handbook of Radiotherapy Physics provides the essential up-to-date theoretical and practical knowledge to deliver safe and effective radiotherapy. It will be of interest to clinical and research medical physicists, radiation oncologists, radiation technologists, PhD and Master’s students.
Download or read book Walter and Miller s Textbook of Radiotherapy Radiation Physics Therapy and Oncology E Book written by R Paul Symonds and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2019-07-11 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Walter and Miller’s Textbook of Radiotherapy is a key textbook for therapeutic radiography students as well as trainee clinical and medical oncologists, clinical physicists and technologists. The book is divided into 2 sections. The first section covers physics and provides a comprehensive review of radiotherapy physics. This section is designed to be non-physicist friendly, to simply and clearly explain the physical principles upon which radiotherapy and its technology are based. The second section is a systematic review by tumour site giving an up to date summary of radiotherapy practice. The title also covers the place of chemotherapy, surgery and non-radiotherapy treatments as well as the principles of cancer patient treatment including supportive care and palliative treatments. It is a comprehensive must-have resource for anyone studying therapeutic radiotherapy. Highly illustrated in full colour including 350 photographs. Clearly and simply explains the fundamental physics for clinicians Gives an up to date summary of radiotherapy practice organised by tumour site making it very easy to navigate. Describes the wide range of devices and clearly explains the principles behind their operation. Comprehensively explains the calculation models of dose predictions for treatment preparation. Heavy emphasis on how clinical trials have influenced current practice. Shows how radiobiological knowledge has influenced current practice such as the fractionation regimens for breast and prostate cancer Proton therapy; machines, dose measurement, covering the clinical advantages and pitfalls of this treatment modality. New radiotherapy modalities such as stereotactic radiotherapy, types of intensity modulated radiotherapy and imaged guided radiotherapy are comprehensively covered as are recent advances in chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapy. In depth coverage of dose measurement and new devices.
Download or read book Review of Medical Dosimetry written by William Amestoy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-03 with total page 879 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study guide will be a reliable support and easy-to-use source of information for students in the fields of dosimetry, physics, radiation oncology, and therapy as they progress through the educational levels in preparation for board examinations. The theoretical and practical knowledge gained by students on previous courses or in clinical settings is reinforced by means of almost 1200 questions and accompanying detailed analytical answers. In order to cater for the needs of all students, the questions are arranged according to three levels of difficulty. The level 1 questions are mainly intended for those hoping to pass the Medical Dosimetrist Certification Board (MDCB) exam but will also be beneficial for Medical Physics candidates taking written exams and for Radiation Oncology residents. The level II questions are in general clinically related and will be relevant for any student, while the level III questions are advanced and are especially suitable for American Board of Radiology candidates or those taking equivalent exams elsewhere in the world. The study guide is broken down into different subject areas, with provision of multiple questions and answers on each subject. In addition, the mathematical and physics questions include brief explanations of how the student can solve each problem. At the end of the guide, three practice tests are included with the same number of questions as are found in the MDCB exam. These tests will help students to test their knowledge and improve their test-taking speed.
Download or read book Radiochromic Film written by Indra J. Das and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-10-30 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a first authoritative text on radiochromic film, covering the basic principles, technology advances, practical methods, and applications. It focuses on practical uses of radiochromic film in radiation dosimetry for diagnostic x-rays, brachytherapy, radiosurgery, external beam therapies (photon, electron, protons), stereotactic body radiotherapy, intensity-modulated radiotherapy, and other emerging radiation technologies. The expert authors address basic concepts, advantages, and the main applications including kilovoltage, brachytherapy, megavoltage, electron beam, proton beam, skin dose, in vivo dosimetry, postal and clinical trial dosimetry. The final chapters discuss the state of the art in microbeam, synchrotron radiation, and ultraviolet radiation dosimetry.
Download or read book Problems and Solutions in Medical Physics written by Kwan Hoong Ng and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-10-17 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third in a three-volume set exploring Problems and Solutions in Medical Physics, this volume explores common questions and their solutions in Radiotherapy. This invaluable study guide should be used in conjunction with other key textbooks in the field to provide additional learning opportunities. One hundred and forty-four solved problems are provided in ten chapters on basic physics topics, including: External Beam Therapy Equipment, Photon Beam Physics, Radiation dosimetry, Treatment Planning for External Beam Radiotherapy, and External Beam Commissioning and Quality Assurance. Each chapter provides examples, notes, and references for further reading to enhance understanding. Key features: Consolidates concepts and assists in the understanding and applications of theoretical concepts in medical physics Assists lecturers and instructors in setting assignments and tests Suitable as a revision tool for postgraduate students sitting medical physics, oncology, and radiology science examinations
Download or read book A Study of the Dosimetry of Small Field Photon Beams Used in Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy in Inhomogeneous Media written by Andrew Osler Jones and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Absorbed Dose Determination in External Beam Radiotherapy written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Code of Practice, which has also been endorsed by WHO, PAHO and ESTRO, fulfils the need for a systematic and internationally unified approach to the calibration of ionization chambers in terms of absorbed dose to water and to the use of these detectors in determining the absorbed dose to water for the radiation beams used in radiotherapy. It provides a methodology for the determination of absorbed dose to water in the low, medium and high energy photon beams, electron beams, proton beams and heavy ion beams used for external radiation therapy.
Download or read book Monte Carlo Techniques in Radiation Therapy written by Joao Seco and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-10-19 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thoroughly updated throughout, this second edition of Monte Carlo Techniques in Radiation Therapy: Applications to Dosimetry, Imaging, and Preclinical Radiotherapy, edited by Joao Seco and Frank Verhaegen, explores the use of Monte Carlo methods for modelling various features of internal and external radiation sources. Monte Carlo methods have been heavily used in the field of radiation therapy in applications such as dosimetry, imaging, radiation chemistry, modelling of small animal irradiation units, etc. The aim of this book is to provide a compendium of the Monte Carlo methods that are commonly used in radiation therapy applications, which will allow students, postdoctoral fellows, and university professors to learn and teach Monte Carlo techniques. This book provides concise but detailed information about many Monte Carlo applications that cannot be found in any other didactic or scientific book. This second edition contains many new chapters on topics such as: Monte Carlo studies of prompt gamma emission Developments in proton imaging Monte Carlo for cone beam CT imaging Monte Carlo modelling of proton beams for small animal irradiation Monte Carlo studies of microbeam radiation therapy Monte Carlo in micro- and nano-dosimetry GPU-based fast Monte Carlo simulations for radiotherapy This book is primarily aimed at students and scientists wishing to learn and improve their knowledge of Monte Carlo methods in radiation therapy.
