Download or read book Domestic Production and Procurement of Medicines in Nigeria written by Rachael Aderonke Ayo-Lawal and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2023-06-22 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of a productive, effective and efficient domestic pharmaceutical industry holds huge potentials for a local economy; job opportunities, trans-border trade benefits, improved national earning capacity and a strategy to repress medicine importation. Additionally, Target 3.8 of the Sustainable Development Goals specifically seeks “Access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all”, plainly underscoring the importance of ensuring access to essential medicines for all. Although many African countries, including Nigeria, struggle to meet the target for medicine accessibility and affordability, this book reports on-going efforts to improve the situation in Nigeria. We present the status of drug production in the country with emphasis on the local capacity, human resources, R&D investment, intellectual property issues, and the degree of interaction for innovation among the key stakeholders. Additionally, the book articulates key challenges impeding drug production and how they could be addressed through apt and plausible policies.
Download or read book The Global Politics of Pharmaceutical Monopoly Power written by Ellen F. M. 't Hoen and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Global Politics of Pharmaceutical Monopoly Power, researcher and global advocate Ellen 't Hoen explains how new global rules for pharmaceutical patenting impact access to medicines in the developing world. The book gives an account of the current debates on intellectual property, access to medicines, and medical innovation, and provides historical context that explains how the current system emerged. This book supports major policy changes in the management of pharmaceutical patents and the way medical innovation is financed in order to protect public health and, in particular, promote access to essential medicines for all. The Open Society Institute provided support to translate this report into Russian.
Download or read book Countering the Problem of Falsified and Substandard Drugs written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-06-20 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The adulteration and fraudulent manufacture of medicines is an old problem, vastly aggravated by modern manufacturing and trade. In the last decade, impotent antimicrobial drugs have compromised the treatment of many deadly diseases in poor countries. More recently, negligent production at a Massachusetts compounding pharmacy sickened hundreds of Americans. While the national drugs regulatory authority (hereafter, the regulatory authority) is responsible for the safety of a country's drug supply, no single country can entirely guarantee this today. The once common use of the term counterfeit to describe any drug that is not what it claims to be is at the heart of the argument. In a narrow, legal sense a counterfeit drug is one that infringes on a registered trademark. The lay meaning is much broader, including any drug made with intentional deceit. Some generic drug companies and civil society groups object to calling bad medicines counterfeit, seeing it as the deliberate conflation of public health and intellectual property concerns. Countering the Problem of Falsified and Substandard Drugs accepts the narrow meaning of counterfeit, and, because the nuances of trademark infringement must be dealt with by courts, case by case, the report does not discuss the problem of counterfeit medicines.
Download or read book A case study on the ecosystem for local production of pharmaceuticals vaccines and biologicals written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2024-05-06 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Local Production and Assistance (LPA) Unit in the Regulation and Prequalification Department (RPQ), Access to Medicines and Health Products Division (MHP), WHO, supports Member States (MS), particularly low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), to strengthen sustainable local production and technology transfer to improve timely, equitable access to quality, safe and effective essential medical products. The LPA Unit provides assistance and support to MS with an ecosystem-wide and holistic approach, such as fostering global coordination and partnerships, conducting ecosystem assessments for sustainable, quality local production, developing and implementing strategies/roadmaps, providing comprehensive capacity building and technical assistance, including for WHO Prequalification (PQ)/Emergency Use Listing (EUL), facilitating technology transfer (TT) and developing global resources on local production and TT. A landmark resolution WHA74.6 on strengthening local production of medicines and other health technologies to improve access was adopted in the Seventy-fourth World Health Assembly, signalling globally the important role local production plays in improving access and strengthening health security. Within this mandate, the LPA Unit, developed a series of case studies on the ecosystem for local production of pharmaceuticals, vaccines and biologicals, with a focus on country context in the low-and middle-income countries. These case studies add to the existing repository of resources on strengthening local production and technology transfer of health products for countries to leverage upon when countries embark in these areas. The countries in this series are Bangladesh, Kenya, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal and Tunisia. From July to September 2022, a series of interviews and consultative meetings, including a review of available literature, policies and other documents, and administration of a questionnaire, were performed. This case study is intended to report the collated information in areas such as available policies, initiatives, financing, regulatory system, patent protection system, research and development work, markets and capacity and preparedness to uptake local production of quality-assured pharmaceuticals, vaccines (including mRNA vaccines), and biologicals. The expectations and needs of these countries were also collected and included in the case study, along with proposed recommendations, for the reader to see various viewpoints towards strengthening sustainable local production and achieving universal health coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals.
Download or read book Revised National Health Policy written by Nigeria. Federal Ministry of Health and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Private Patents and Public Health written by Ellen F. M. 't Hoen and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millions of people around the world do not have access to the medicines they need to treat disease or alleviate suffering. Strict patent regimes introduced following the establishment of the World Trade Organization in 1995 interfere with widespread access to medicines by creating monopolies that keep medicines prices well out of reach for many. 0The AIDS crisis in the late nineties brought access to medicines challenges to the public?s attention, when millions of people in developing countries died from an illness for which medicines existed, but were not available or affordable. Faced with an unprecedented health crisis ? 8,000 people dying daily ? the public health community launched an unprecedented global effort that eventually resulted in the large-scale availability of low-priced generic HIV medicines. 0But now, high prices of new medicines - for example, for cancer, tuberculosis and hepatitis C - are limiting access to treatment in low-, middle and high-income countries alike. Patent-based monopolies affect almost all medicines developed since 1995 in most countries, and global health policy is now at a critical juncture if the world is to avoid new access to medicines crises. 0This book discusses lessons learned from the HIV/AIDS crisis, and asks whether actions taken to extend access and save lives are exclusive to HIV or can be applied more broadly to new global access challenges.
Download or read book Promoting Access to Medical Technologies and Innovation Intersections between Public Health Intellectual Property and Trade written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2013 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study has emerged from an ongoing program of trilateral cooperation between WHO, WTO and WIPO. It responds to an increasing demand, particularly in developing countries, for strengthened capacity for informed policy-making in areas of intersection between health, trade and IP, focusing on access to and innovation of medicines and other medical technologies.
Download or read book The Selection and Use of Essential Medicines written by WHO Expert Committee on the Selection and Use of Essential Medicines and published by WHO. This book was released on 2004 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents the recommendations of the WHO Expert Committee responsible for updating the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. The first part contains a progress report on the new procedures for updating the Model List and the development of the WHO Essential Medicines Library. It continues with a section on changes made in revising the Model List followed by a review of some sections such as hypertensive medicines and fast track procedures for deleting items. Annexes include the 13th version of the Model List and items on the list sorted according to their 5-level Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification codes.
Download or read book Drug Safety in Developing Countries written by Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-06-03 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drug Safety in Developing Countries: Achievements and Challenges provides comprehensive information on drug safety issues in developing countries. Drug safety practice in developing countries varies substantially from country to country. This can lead to a rise in adverse reactions and a lack of reporting can exasperate the situation and lead to negative medical outcomes. This book documents the history and development of drug safety systems, pharmacovigilance centers and activities in developing countries, describing their current situation and achievements of drug safety practice. Further, using extensive case studies, the book addresses the challenges of drug safety in developing countries. - Provides a single resource for educators, professionals, researchers, policymakers, organizations and other readers with comprehensive information and a guide on drug safety related issues - Describes current achievements of drug safety practice in developing countries - Addresses the challenges of drug safety in developing countries - Provides recommendations, including practical ways to implement strategies and overcome challenges surrounding drug safety
Download or read book The WTO and India s Pharmaceuticals Industry written by Sudip Chaudhuri and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2005 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995 brought about significant changes in international economic relations between countries. To comply with the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement of the WTO, India introduced product patent protection in pharmaceuticals from January 2005. TRIPS has generated a huge controversy in India and abroad. India has emerged as a major source of low-cost, quality drugs for the entire world and thus plays an important role. While there are a large number of pharmaceutical manufacturers in the world, only a handful of multinationals dominate the industry. By using patent rights, multinational companies prevented developing countries like India from realizing their potential of industrial growth and drug prices were among the highest in the world.
Download or read book Getting Health Reform Right written by Marc Roberts and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-04-23 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a multi-disciplinary framework for developing and analyzing health sector reforms, based on the authors' extensive international experience. It offers practical guidance - useful to policymakers, consultants, academics, and students alike - and stresses the need to take account of each country's economic, administrative, and political circumstances. The authors explain how to design effective government interventions in five areas - financing, payment, organization, regulation, and behavior - to improve the performance and equity of health systems around the world.
Download or read book Poverty in a Rising Africa written by Kathleen Beegle and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-03-10 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perceptions of Africa have changed dramatically. Viewed as a continent of wars, famines and entrenched poverty in the late 1990s, there is now a focus on “Africa rising†? and an “African 21st century.†? Two decades of unprecedented economic growth in Africa should have brought substantial improvements in well-being. Whether or not they did, remains unclear given the poor quality of the data, the nature of the growth process (especially the role of natural resources), conflicts that affect part of the region, and high population growth. Poverty in a Rising Africa documents the data challenges and systematically reviews the evidence on poverty from monetary and nonmonetary perspectives, as well as a focus on dimensions of inequality. Chapter 1 maps out the availability and quality of the data needed to track monetary poverty, reflects on the governance and political processes that underpin the current situation with respect to data production, and describes some approaches to addressing the data gaps. Chapter 2 evaluates the robustness of the estimates of poverty in Africa. It concludes that poverty reduction in Africa may be slightly greater than traditional estimates suggest, although even the most optimistic estimates of poverty reduction imply that more people lived in poverty in 2012 than in 1990. A broad-stroke profile of poverty and trends in poverty in the region is presented. Chapter 3 broadens the view of poverty by considering nonmonetary dimensions of well-being, such as education, health, and freedom, using Sen's (1985) capabilities and functioning approach. While progress has been made in a number of these areas, levels remain stubbornly low. Chapter 4 reviews the evidence on inequality in Africa. It looks not only at patterns of monetary inequality in Africa but also other dimensions, including inequality of opportunity, intergenerational mobility in occupation and education, and extreme wealth in Africa.
Download or read book WTO written by Peter-Tobias Stoll and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2009 with total page 945 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This commentary covers the entire TRIPs agreement. It adopts a comparative perspective in highlighting related and similar provisions and developments in other international and regional instruments.. It is designed to meet the needs both of the WTO and the intellectual property community.
Download or read book Global Corruption Report 2006 written by Transparency International and published by Pluto Press. This book was released on 2005-12-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TI has once again shown its ability to combine research and policy analysis not just to shine a light on the deeply embedded problems of corruption ... but to propose progressive solutions. Former World Bank President James Wolfensohn on the Global Corruption ReportIn the health sector, corruption is a matter of life or death. It can take many forms: from medical professionals who sell medicines or services that should be freely available, to high-level government officials who embezzle money from health budgets, to pharmaceutical companies that buy influence over research agendas. The impact of corruption is always felt by the end user -- the sick person who is forced to pay over the odds or who is given unsafe, counterfeit medicines. The 2006 edition of Transparency International’s Global Corruption Report shows the impact that corruption has on health care in rich and poor countries. From high-level bribery in Costa Rica to informal payments in Hungary, case studies from around the world explore the characteristics of the health sector that make it so prone to corruption. In a special section dedicated to corruption in HIV/AIDS, the report warns that the large sums being poured into fighting the world’s deadliest diseases need to be safeguarded against abuse. There is also a detailed analysis of the problems of the pharmaceutical system.The report also offers an annual round-up of worldwide developments and tracks major trends in more than 40 countries.The Global Corruption Report 2006 is the only report of its kind, and is an essential reference source for anyone who wants the latest research on how corruption affects everything from health to education and the oil and gas industries.
Download or read book Know the Beginning Well written by K. Y. Amoako and published by . This book was released on 2019-11 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With this book, the author offers a personal look at some of the landmark policies, people, and institutions that have shaped Africa's post-independence history - and will continue to shape its future. It is a true inside account - told from a very personal perspective - of the evolution of African development over the last five decades.
Download or read book Nigerian Yearbook of International Law 2018 2019 written by Chile Eboe-Osuji and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-06 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contributions to this volume focus on a diverse array of topics in international law, with scholarly interventions from experts in the field, both in academia and the judiciary, as well as case commentary on a recent decision of the International Court of Justice (Chagos Decision). The theoretical and methodological breadth of the issues covered are relevant to audiences beyond the Nigerian and African intellectual space. In particular, this volume includes analysis on critical intellectual property law questions; intersections of national, regional and international law and technology; the African Continental Free Trade Area Agreement; and maritime law. The authoritative views of the experts on the different issues covered in this volume make excellent contributions to their relevant fields.
Download or read book Indicators for Monitoring the Millennium Development Goals written by United Nations Development Group and published by New York : United Nations. This book was released on 2003 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides guidance on the definitions, rationale, concepts and sources of the data for each of the indicators that are being used to monitor the Millennium Development Goals. It expands on an earlier exercise to provide the metadata for the socio-economicindicators that make up the United Nations Common Country Assessment Indicator Framework.Preparation of this handbook was directed by an Inter-Agency Working Group of the United Nations Development Group, including the World Bank, chaired by the United Nations Population Fund and co-chaired by the United Nations Statistics Division and the United Nations Development Programme.
