Download or read book Dollar GNP Estimates for China written by Jeffrey R. Taylor and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dollar GNP Estimates for China written by Jeffrey R. Taylor and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book China s GDP in U S Dollars Based on Purchasing Power Parity written by Ren Ruoen and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book China s GDP in U S Dollars Based on Purchasing Power Parity written by Ren Ruoen and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China's gross domestic product in U.S. dollars is higher than earlier estimates would indicate, if calculated on the basis of purchasing power parity with the United States.China's gross domestic product per capita was only US$300 to $370 in 1980 - 91 in an estimate based on the World Bank Atlas approach used in the World Development Report. These estimates fail to capture the fact that in the 10 years since embarking on a program of economic reform aimed at rapid economic development, China has been one of the fastest growing economies in the world. Knowing what its true standard of living and productive potential is important not only for measuring the size of China's economy but for assessing its growth performance.Ruoen and Kai provide a detailed comparison of the GDP of China and the United States using the purchasing power parity approach formulated by the U.N. International Comparison Program (ICP), with 1986 as a base. Using this approach, which establishes a conversion factor based on prices for comparable items rather than on exchange rates, they find that:deg; China's per capita GDP in 1986 international dollars is between $770 and $1,044, depending on assumptions made about comparison-resistant service sectors and quality adjustments made in a number of selected ones in calculating purchasing power parities.deg; China's per capita GDP in 1991 international dollars is between $1,227 and $1,663, allowing for the impact of inflation in the United States on the purchasing power parity and growth rates in China computed from national currency GDP data in constant prices.This paper - a product of the Socio-Economic Data Division, International Economics Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to expand coverage for purchasing power parity-based estimates to most countries of the world.
Download or read book China s Economic Rise written by Congressional Research Service and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-09-17 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prior to the initiation of economic reforms and trade liberalization 36 years ago, China maintained policies that kept the economy very poor, stagnant, centrally-controlled, vastly inefficient, and relatively isolated from the global economy. Since opening up to foreign trade and investment and implementing free market reforms in 1979, China has been among the world's fastest-growing economies, with real annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth averaging nearly 10% through 2016. In recent years, China has emerged as a major global economic power. It is now the world's largest economy (on a purchasing power parity basis), manufacturer, merchandise trader, and holder of foreign exchange reserves.The global economic crisis that began in 2008 greatly affected China's economy. China's exports, imports, and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows declined, GDP growth slowed, and millions of Chinese workers reportedly lost their jobs. The Chinese government responded by implementing a $586 billion economic stimulus package and loosening monetary policies to increase bank lending. Such policies enabled China to effectively weather the effects of the sharp global fall in demand for Chinese products, but may have contributed to overcapacity in several industries and increased debt by Chinese firms and local government. China's economy has slowed in recent years. Real GDP growth has slowed in each of the past six years, dropping from 10.6% in 2010 to 6.7% in 2016, and is projected to slow to 5.7% by 2022.The Chinese government has attempted to steer the economy to a "new normal" of slower, but more stable and sustainable, economic growth. Yet, concerns have deepened in recent years over the health of the Chinese economy. On August 11, 2015, the Chinese government announced that the daily reference rate of the renminbi (RMB) would become more "market-oriented." Over the next three days, the RMB depreciated against the dollar and led to charges that China's goal was to boost exports to help stimulate the economy (which some suspect is in worse shape than indicated by official Chinese economic statistics). Concerns over the state of the Chinese economy appear to have often contributed to volatility in global stock indexes in recent years.The ability of China to maintain a rapidly growing economy in the long run will likely depend largely on the ability of the Chinese government to implement comprehensive economic reforms that more quickly hasten China's transition to a free market economy; rebalance the Chinese economy by making consumer demand, rather than exporting and fixed investment, the main engine of economic growth; boost productivity and innovation; address growing income disparities; and enhance environmental protection. The Chinese government has acknowledged that its current economic growth model needs to be altered and has announced several initiatives to address various economic challenges. In November 2013, the Communist Party of China held the Third Plenum of its 18th Party Congress, which outlined a number of broad policy reforms to boost competition and economic efficiency. For example, the communique stated that the market would now play a "decisive" role in allocating resources in the economy. At the same time, however, the communique emphasized the continued important role of the state sector in China's economy. In addition, many foreign firms have complained that the business climate in China has worsened in recent years. Thus, it remains unclear how committed the Chinese government is to implementing new comprehensive economic reforms.China's economic rise has significant implications for the United States and hence is of major interest to Congress. This report provides background on China's economic rise; describes its current economic structure; identifies the challenges China faces to maintain economic growth; and discusses the challenges, opportunities, and implications of China's economic rise.
Download or read book World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers 1999 2000 written by and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2002-12-09 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: State Department Publication 10986. 28th edition. Provides statistical information on military expenditures, arms transfers, armed forces, and related economic data for 172 countries, 1989-1999. Contains tables ranking countries by each variable in 1999. Also known by its initials, WMEAT.
Download or read book China s Environmental Crisis An Enquiry into the Limits of National Development written by Vaclav Smil and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-09-16 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1982, Vaclav Smil turned upside down traditional perceptions of China as a green paradise in "The Bad Earth", a disturbing book. This new volume, drawn on a much broader canvas, updates and expands on the basic arguments and perceptions of "The Bad Earth". This book is not a systematic litany of what went wrong and how much - but rather an inquiry into the fundamental factors, needs, prospects, and limits of modern Chinese society, all seen through the critical environmental constraints and impacts.
Download or read book World Military Expenditures and Arms Trade written by United States. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency and published by . This book was released on with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Allocation of Resources in the Soviet Union and China written by United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee. Subcommittee on Technology and National Security and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Allocation of Resources in the Soviet Union and China written by United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee. Subcommittee on Priorities and Economy in Government and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers 1998 written by and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2000-08-17 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NOTE: NO FURTHER DISCOUNT FOR THIS PRINT PRODUCT--OVERSTOCK SALE -- Significantly reduced list price while supplies last This 27th issue of World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers (WMEAT) is published by the Department of State, following its merger with the previous publisher, the former U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. The report covers 1987 to 1997, from the final years of the Berlin Wall through eight succeeding years. Thus, it depicts the transition from the Cold War in statistical terms. The report shows that military spending in developing countries has been increasing since 1995, while that in developed countries may have reached the end of its decline. Arms imports of both groups have been increasing since 1994 and particularly in the last year. While armed forces continued to contract in the developed group, those of the developing group appear to have stabilized. Regional data reveal some arresting trends, including sharp advances in military spending and arms imports in East Asia, South America, and North Africa. The individual countries causing the trends are of course shown in the data. Indicators of military burden, such as the ratio of military spending to GNP, appear to have generally leveled and reached the bottom of their post-Cold War decline. They may be poised to rise again, and even the present levels are too high in many places in the developing world. The report shows that the work of arms control, non-proliferation, and disarmament cannot be relaxed, and indeed, greater efforts are needed now and in the future.
Download or read book The Chinese Economy in written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Chinese Economy in 1990 and 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Chinese Economy in 1990 and 1991 written by United States. Central Intelligence Agency. Directorate of Intelligence and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book China and the Asia Pacific Economy written by C. H. Chai and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 1997 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eighteen papers from a June 1996 conference on China and the Asian Pacific Economy held in Brisbane, Australia--presented here in revised form--consider the possible future roles of the Chinese economy in the Asia Pacific region. The contributions place the Chinese economy in the context of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) process, and propose that the integration of the economies of China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan (the so-called Greater China phenomenon) has resulted in a Chinese emphasis on the northern part of APEC. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Development Centre Studies Chinese Economic Performance in the Long Run written by Maddison Angus and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 1998-09-25 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study provides a major reassessment of the scale and scope of China’s resurgence over the past half century, employing quantitative measurement techniques which are standard practice in OECD countries, but which have not hitherto been available for China.
