Download or read book Does increased access to groundwater irrigation through electricity reforms affect agricultural and groundwater outcomes written by Mukherji, Aditi and published by IWMI. This book was released on with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lappland Express written by and published by . This book was released on 1904 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on Adaptation Responses to Climate Variability in India written by Esha Zaveri and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studying interactions between human and natural systems presents a unique opportunity for multidisciplinary and policy-relevant research. This dissertation consists of three chapters that examine how changes in water access, availability and use influence agricultural adaptation, and labor mobility in rural India. Since an increasingly variable future climate will amplify stresses on the water cycle, with large and uneven consequences, the findings from these chapters have important implications for both environmental and developmental policies that seek to promote long-run sustainability. The first chapter assesses the challenges of groundwater depletion, surface water stress, and food security that India is likely to face with future climate change. Different from previous literature in this area, it explicitly accounts for both water demand and supply by combining an econometric model of irrigation decision-making with a process based hydrology model. The results highlight significant spatial and regional heterogeneity in future changes in groundwater demand and supply. A complete loss of non-renewable groundwater irrigation could reduce annual crop production by as much as 25 percent, directly affecting the caloric intake of more than 170 million people. Results also indicate that Indias large proposed river linking scheme is unlikely to alleviate groundwater stress nationally without substantial investments in reservoir storage capacity. The second chapter examines how the introduction of high yield variety of seeds in the mid-1960s (Green Revolution) and the resulting path dependency of groundwater development underlies the results we see in chapter one. The results suggest that increasing access to more reliable, yet largely unsustainable sources of groundwater, have equipped farmers with the ability to withstand monsoonal fluctuations in the irrigation-intensive dry season. The results also indicate that initial groundwater endowments have influenced the types of irrigation infrastructure and capacities that have developed in India as a result of the Green Revolution, with lasting effects on the adaptability of agriculture to weather shocks. The third chapter investigates how irrigation water access, availability and use also have wider spillover effects on the agrarian labor economy. Results show that migration decisions respond to agricultural opportunity costs associated with irrigation and that access to assured irrigation from deep tubewells determines the relative benefits of migration. Further, higher electricity provision that facilitates groundwater extraction from greater depths increases the agricultural opportunity cost of rural households and reduces the short-term migration of its members. From a policy perceptive, shutting down access to groundwater will have significant effects on temporary labor mobility.
Download or read book Rethinking the Approach to Groundwater and Food Security written by Marcus Moench and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2003 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study attempts to re-frame the current thinking on groundwater development and the implications for food security. Groundwater is important in agriculture as it provides a reliable fallback when rainfeeding fails. It is therefore instrumental in managing risk and optimizing food production. However accessing groundwater has become habit and turned to dependency. Resources limits on many key aquifers have been exceeded and competition for groundwater has become intense. This study highlights the role of adaptive strategies in dealing with aquifer management and indicates directions of research and management.
Download or read book Groundwater Irrigation written by Wendell Holmes and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Irrigation impacts on income inequality and poverty alleviation Policy issues and options for improved management of irrigation systems written by Madhusudan Bhattarai and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2001 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study explores the conceptual and policy issues relating to the impact that irrigation has on crop production, farm income, inequities in income distribution and poverty alleviation. It also focuses, specifically, on poverty issues associated with head-tail water distribution inequity in an irrigation system.
Download or read book Informing Water Policies in South Asia written by Anjal Prakash and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2018-05-11 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyzes water policies in South Asia from the perspective of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). It seeks to address the problems of water scarcity, conflict and pollution resulting from the gross mismanagement and over-exploitation of this finite resource. Highlighting the need for IWRM in mitigating abuse and ensuring sustainable use, it discusses issues relating to groundwater management; inter-state water conflicts; peri-urban water use; local traditional water management practices; coordination between water users and uses; and water integration at the grassroots level. With case studies from India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Nepal, the innovative, painstaking and transnational researches presented in the volume deal with questions of equity, gender, sustainability, and democratic governance in water policy interventions. It will interest researchers and students of development studies, environmental studies, natural resource management, water governance, and public administration, as also water sector professionals, policymakers, civil society activists and governmental and nongovernmental organizations.
Download or read book Energy irrigation Nexus in South Asia written by Tushaar Shah and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2003 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water use efficiency; groundwater irrigation; tubewells; sustainability; irrigated farming; households; farmers; irrigation systems; energy consumption; pumps; food security; water demend; electricity supplies.
Download or read book Groundwater Economics and Policy in South Asia written by M. Dinesh Kumar and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-08-07 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Groundwater Economics and Policy in South Asia is a reference guide focusing on groundwater management and groundwater economics in South Asia. The author compares the regional variations across South Asia and the public policies that shaped the groundwater sector and presents the most up-to-date information on groundwater management using practical case-studies and empirical data. With the inclusion of strong methodological solutions for sustainable groundwater management, scholars in the fields of geohydrology, agricultural sciences, water resource economics, and professionals in water science and policy will get access to the latest policies and methods used in groundwater research in South Asia. Presents a comprehensive overview of water management issues and governance in South Asia Includes detailed case studies and applications to guide the reader Contains the most recent developments in the literature, along with empirical data
Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Groundwater Depletion and Management in Irrigated Agriculture written by Gabriela Perez-Quesada and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The depletion of groundwater stocks reduces the flow of economic value and the production of goods from the resource. This dissertation quantifies these effects in the context of the High Plains Aquifer in the central US. One particular challenge in estimating these effects that we overcome is that feedback effects from irrigation behavior affect resource conditions, which creates an endogeneity concern. We also provide new insights on the potential of collective efforts by irrigators to manage the resource. We study how heterogeneity in resource and user characteristics affect their individuals' willingness to support efforts to collectively reduce water use. The first chapter estimates how changes in groundwater stocks affect the returns to agricultural land. We avoid bias from feedback effects by exploiting hydrologic variation in pre-development saturated thickness that was determined by natural processes in previous geological eras. Simulation results reveal that the average annual present value of returns to land are expected to decrease in the High Plains region by $120.6 million in 2050, and by $250.5 million in 2100. The most severe decreases in returns to land are expected to occur in Texas, Kansas, and Colorado. When the initial saturated thickness is less than 70 feet, most of the economic impact (63%) of a decrease in the stock of groundwater occurs through an adjustment in irrigated acreage (extensive margin), while 37% occurs through reduced irrigated rental rates (intensive margin). When saturated thickness is larger, nearly all of the response is at the extensive margin. The second chapter examines how observed differences in the stock of groundwater affect corn production. To account for the endogeneity of groundwater stock, we exploit variation in current saturated thickness due to variation in pre-development saturated thickness. Simulation results reveal that the annual production of corn would decrease by 48.1 million bushels in the north portion of the High Plains Aquifer due to a uniform 10 ft decrease in saturated thickness, whereas the annual production of corn would decrease by 15.7 million bushels in the south. Further, we find that when initial saturated thickness is less than 70 ft, most of the impact on corn production of a decrease in the stock of groundwater occurs through an adjustment in irrigated acres in both the north and the south. When saturated thickness is larger than 70 ft, then the adjustment is mostly through a change in cropping patterns on irrigated land in the south but still through irrigated acres in the north. The third chapter uses unique data obtained from consequential stated preference surveys in Kansas to explore the factors that influence farmers preferred reductions in groundwater use through a water conservation program implemented by a Groundwater Management District. Our results reveal that farmers located in areas where the aquifer is more depleted support larger reductions in groundwater use. But we also find that characteristics of the users matter as much or more than the status of the aquifer in determining support. Opposition to reductions in water use are strongest among farmers who strongly agree that water rights are a private property, landlords and those who irrigate a larger proportion of their farm. Further, we evaluate farmers' preferences for the methods of assigning water allocations. We find that none of the options are preferred by a majority of farmers and there is no clear evidence that aquifer characteristics or observed farmer characteristics are the key factors affecting the probability that a farmer ranks a method as the best option. This makes it difficult for groundwater managers to identify which method is more likely to be considered fair by farmers. Our results are informative for managers of water throughout Kansas, the High Plains and other regions where conserving water resources is a high priority and localized and stakeholder-driven conservation plans could be a solution.
Download or read book The Groundwater Economy of Pakistan written by Asad Sarwar Qureshi and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2003 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This working paper presents the results of a comprehensive groundwater survey of Pakistan, designed to understand the dynamics of groundwater use, operation and maintenance patterns, socio-economics of groundwater irrigation, land use pattern, crops, yields, and groundwater irrigation practices. For this survey, Pakistan was divided into 83 nodal intervals, with each node covering an area of 100 km*100 km; and one village from center of each grid was selected as sample. From each sample village, 15 tubewell owners were randomly selected as respondents. In total, 1200 private tubewell owners were interviewed for this study. The distance between two sample villages was kept more than 40 kilometers. This was done to avoid influences of one-village activities on the other.
Download or read book In the Dark written by Fan Zhang and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2018-12-12 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electricity shortages are among the biggest barriers to South Asia’s development. Some 255 million people—more than a quarter of the world’s off-grid population—live in South Asia, and millions of households and firms that are connected experience frequent and long hours of blackouts. Inefficiencies originating in every link of the electricity supply chain contribute significantly to the power deficit. Three types of distortions lead to most of the inefficiencies: institutional distortions caused by state ownership and weak governance; regulatory distortions resulting from price regulation, subsidies, and cross-subsidies; and social distortions (externalities) causing excessive environmental and health damages from energy use. Using a common analytical framework and covering all stages of power supply, In the Dark identifies and estimates how policy-induced distortions have affected South Asian economies. The book introduces two innovations. First, it goes beyond fiscal costs, evaluating the impact of distortions from a welfare perspective by measuring the impact on consumer wellbeing, producer surplus, and environmental costs. And second, the book adopts a broader definition of the sector that covers the entire power supply chain, including upstream fuel supply and downstream access and reliability. The book finds that the full cost of distortions in the power sector is far greater than previously estimated based on fiscal cost alone: The estimated total economic cost is 4†“7 percent of the gross domestic product in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. Some of the largest costs are upstream and downstream. Few other reforms could quickly yield the huge economic gains that power sector reform would produce. By expanding access to electricity and improving the quality of supply, power sector reform would also directly benefit poor households. The highest payoffs are likely to come from institutional reforms, expansion of reliable access, and the appropriate pricing of carbon and local air pollution emissions.
Download or read book Energy irrigation nexus in South Asia Improving groundwater conservation and power sector viability written by Shah, T., Scott, C., Kishore, A., Sharma, A. and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2004 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the highly populated South Asian region, where pump irrigation has gained predominance over gravity-flow irrigation in recent decades, the fortunes of groundwater and energy economies are closely tied. Little can be done in the groundwater economy that will not affect the energy economy, and the struggle to make the energy economy viable is frustrated by the often violent opposition from the farming community to the rationalization of energy prices. As a result, the region's groundwater economy has boomed at the expense of the development of the energy economy. This report suggests that this does not have to be so; and the first step to evolving approaches to sustaining a prosperous groundwater economy with a viable power sector is for the decision makers in the two sectors to talk to each other, and jointly explore better options for energy-groundwater co-management which, the authors suggest, have so far been overlooked.
Download or read book The potential for solar powered groundwater irrigation in Sub Saharan Africa written by Chandler Cowell and published by RTI Press. This book was released on 2022-11-07 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study considers existing off-grid initiatives that are being implemented in support of more rapid electrification in sub-Saharan Africa. After first reviewing the successes and obstacles of commonly implemented off-grid solutions, we suggest groundwater irrigation powered via off-grid solar (OGS) systems as a productivity-focused electrification solution that could be valuable to off-grid development initiatives moving forward. This solution encourages the establishment of OGS pumping infrastructure in unelectrified areas in proximity to nonirrigated agriculture that have promising and sustainable groundwater abstraction potential. Using open-access spatial data to estimate the alignment of these resources is an important first step in determining potential study sites for on-the-ground research and pilot projects. This study focuses on applying the above approach to Ethiopia to produce a spatial layer representing areas that are recommended for further assessment of their OGS groundwater irrigation viability. We follow the spatial analysis with a projection of potential gains from investment in OGS groundwater pumping systems under different scenarios to highlight the solution’s viability with regional context. This assessment provides an initial methodology for identifying, examining, and expanding upon potential markets where OGS irrigation can become an economically viable solution.
Download or read book Groundwater Policy written by Marcus Moench and published by IWMI. This book was released on 1996 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews policy-related issues discussed in recent conferences that will affect groundwater development and management efforts in South Asia. Emphasis is given to policy issues surrounding emerging groundwater depletion and quality concerns, and issues concerning the equitable development of groundwater for poverty alleviation. The paper outlines the range of services that depend on groundwater resources and outlines the range of services that depend on groundwater resources to provide these services, and the complications stemming from the fragmented approach taken to water management throughout the region. A range of responses dealing with the management of the physical system is identified. In conclusion , the paper discusses institutional frameworks through which management responses could be implemented, in relation to both the range of approaches theoretically applicable and the existing institutional frameworks in place throughout South Asia
Download or read book Groundwater Policy written by Paul T. Langerman and published by IWMI. This book was released on 1983 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A constant supply of uncontaminated groundwater is essential for sound economic development and a healthy environment. It is time for the federal, state, and local governments together with regional commissions to cooperate to ensure that, when America turns on the tap, water still comes out.
Download or read book Groundwater governance and the water energy food nexus in action a global review of policy and practice written by Shah, T. and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2023-06-20 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dominance of insular, supply-side technocratic thinking has posed a major challenge to improving water governance in the face of mounting resource scarcity, which has itself been accentuated by climate change. During the 1990s, global discourse moved from supply-driven sectoral interventions to more holistic approaches to water governance as part of larger socioeconomic and environmental processes. Integrated water resources management (IWRM) emphasized demand-side water management and used prices, participation, entitlements, laws and regulations to strengthen water governance at hydrological rather than territorial units. More recently, there have been pleas for more integrative approaches that link land, water, energy, food, livelihoods, the environment and other spheres – each with its own, often insular, governance structure. The evolution in global thinking reflects the need to meet growing human needs by innovating approaches that enhance resilience and the sustainability of landscapes, the biosphere and the Earth as a whole. To this end, the water–energy–food (WEF) nexus advocates that society is better off seeking system-level balance rather than maximizing sectoral objectives. The nexus approach has produced prolific analytical literature over the past decade but integrating it into policy and governance faces many challenges. This review paper explores these challenges by focusing on the WEF nexus in action. We compare the nexus in several water-stressed areas of the world including Iran, Saudi Arabia, Mexico, China, Bangladesh and Gujarat (India), with additional evidence drawn from other places such as Morocco and Punjab-Haryana. We synthesize these case studies to examine the actual state of play in different locations and tease out practical lessons for mainstreaming nexus thinking in water policy and governance. The key conclusion is that specific contexts, contingencies and constituencies drive national and sub-national policies. Directing the outcomes towards the optimal nexus depends on the nature of the state, investment in institution building and, above all, ingenuity in policy design and implementation to overcome resistance to change and strengthen political capital for the leaders who back such policies.
