Download or read book Diversity Phylogeny and Evolution in the Monocotyledons written by Ole Seberg and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Monocotyledons ('monocots'), though comprising only one fourth of all flowering plant species, are economically and ecologically crucial. In families such as the grasses and palms, they include some of the most valuable plant species to humanity. Numerous monocot species have great ornamental value due to their spectacular flowers or characteristic structural features. They range in size from the smallest flowering plants, Wolffia arrbiza, little more than 1 mm across, to massive palm trees up to 40 m tall. Monocot species occur in arctic regions, wet tropical forests, and deserts, and have a wide range of life forms, including floating and rooted aquatic plants, geophytes, epiphytes, and lianas. Diversity, Phylogeny, and Evolution in the Monocotyledons includes reviews and reports of current research by the world's leading specialists, based on presentations made at the Fourth International Conference on the Comparative Biology of the Monocotyledons and the Fifth International Symposium on Grass Systematics and Evolution, held in Copenhagen in 2008."--Publisher's description.
Download or read book Diversity and Phylogeny of the Monocotyledons written by Lisa M. Campbell and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fifth international conference on the comparative biology of Monocotyledons (Monocots V) convened in New York City in June 2013, marking the 20th anniversary of the conference series. The New York botanical garden (Bronx) hosted Monocots V, also using facilities of the adjacent, beautiful fordham university Rose Hill campus. Over 330 participants, including about 80 students, represented 37 countries. Twenty-two symposia covered a wide array of taxonomic groups and subjects, such as life history strategies, morphology, paleobiology, phylogenomics, and reproductive biology. This volume of proceedings from Monocots V comprises 12 papers from 24 contributing authors. Monocot groups represented include Asparagales, Pandanales, Poales, Commelinaceae, and Hydrocharitaceae. Among the volume's dozen papers is the Conference's plenary lecture by Paula J. Rudall (Royal botanic gardens, Kew), "Morphological misfits and character evolution in monocots, with particular reference to Pandanales.
Download or read book Monocots Systematics and Evolution written by Karen L Wilson and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2000-05-19 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monocots: Systematics and Evolution presents leading work from around the world on non-grass monocotyledons and includes reviews and current research into their comparative biology, phylogeny and classification. The papers are based on presentations at the Second International Conference on the Comparative Biology of the Monocotyledons, Monocots II, held in Sydney, Australia in late 1998. Many were subsequently updated or extended to take into account new information. All 72 papers have been peer-reviewed.
Download or read book Early Events in Monocot Evolution written by Paul Wilkin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-05-30 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tracing the evolution of one of the most ancient major branches of flowering plants, this is a wide-ranging survey of state-of-the-art research on the early clades of the monocot phylogenetic tree. It explores a series of broad but linked themes, providing for the first time a detailed and coherent view of the taxa of the early monocot lineages, how they diversified and their importance in monocots as a whole. Featuring contributions from leaders in the field, the chapters trace the evolution of the monocots from largely aquatic ancestors. Topics covered include the rapidly advancing field of monocot fossils, aquatic adaptations in pollen and anther structure and pollination strategies and floral developmental morphology. The book also presents a new plastid sequence analysis of early monocots and a review of monocot phylogeny as a whole, placing in an evolutionary context a plant group of major ecological, economic and horticultural importance.
Download or read book Classification Evolution and Phylogeny of the Families of Monocotyledons written by Aaron Goldberg and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To some extent classification is subjective. Taxonomists differ in the relative importance they ascribe to particular characters and in the degree of difference between related taxa they deem sufficient to constitute family or ordinal rank. About 250 monocot family names have been published. Those who have attempted an overview of the system at the family level and above in the last quarter century recognize between 45 and 103 monocot families in 14 to 38 orders. I accept 57 families in 18 orders. In Table 1 I give my ordinal allocation of the families and that of 11 recent authors to indicate where there is agreement and where there are differences to be resolved. I have constructed a dendrogram to suggest relationships and degree of advancement of the orders.I have written concise, uniform descriptions of all the families of monocots emphasizing those characters that show trends between families or occur in more than one family. Each family is illustrated by analytical drawings of the flower, fruit, seed, and usually inflorescence. Several species are usually used to show the range of major variation within families and trends toward related families.
Download or read book Phylogeny and Evolution of the Angiosperms written by Douglas Soltis and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2018-01-24 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although they are relative latecomers on the evolutionary scene, having emerged only 135?170 million years ago, angiosperms—or flowering plants—are the most diverse and species-rich group of seed-producing land plants, comprising more than 15,000 genera and over 350,000 species. Not only are they a model group for studying the patterns and processes of evolutionary diversification, they also play major roles in our economy, diet, and courtship rituals, producing our fruits, legumes, and grains, not to mention the flowers in our Valentine’s bouquets. They are also crucial ecologically, dominating most terrestrial and some aquatic landscapes. This fully revised edition of Phylogeny and Evolution of the Angiosperms provides an up-to-date, comprehensive overview of the evolution of and relationships among these vital plants. Incorporating molecular phylogenetics with morphological, chemical, developmental, and paleobotanical data, as well as presenting a more detailed account of early angiosperm fossils and important fossil information for each evolutionary branch of the angiosperms, the new edition integrates fossil evidence into a robust phylogenetic framework. Featuring a wealth of new color images, this highly synthetic work further reevaluates long-held evolutionary hypotheses related to flowering plants and will be an essential reference for botanists, plant systematists, and evolutionary biologists alike.
Download or read book Monocotyledons written by Paula Rudall and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Review of Literature Concerning the Evolution of Monocotyledons written by Helen Bancroft and published by . This book was released on 1914 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monocots written by David A. Morrison and published by Csiro. This book was released on 2000 with total page 738 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monocots: Systematics and Evolution presents leading work from around the world on non-grass monocotyledons and includes reviews and current research into their comparative biology, phylogeny and classification. The papers are based on presentations at the Second International Conference on the Comparative Biology of the Monocotyledons, Monocots II, held in Sydney, Australia in late 1998. Many were subsequently updated or extended to take into account new information. All 72 papers have been peer-reviewed.
Download or read book The Families of the Monocotyledons written by R.M.T. Dahlgren and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1984-12-01 with total page 1128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book combines broad taxonomic treatment with analysis of character states and the presentation of evolutionary models for the monocotyledons.
Download or read book Early Events in Monocot Evolution written by Paul Wilkin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-05-30 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading scientists in the field trace the evolution of the one of the most ancient major branches of flowering plants.
Download or read book Classification Evolution and Phylogeny of the Families of Monocotyledons written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Morphology Molecules Evolution and Phylogeny in Polychaeta and Related Taxa written by Universität Osnabrück and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-03-30 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, evidence has been accumulated which shows that some of the groups formerly regarded as independent "phyla" such as Pogonophora (now recognized as Siboglinidae), Echiura, Myzostomida and perhaps Sipuncula, are most probably nothing else than greatly modified Annelida. The extreme morphological diversity found especially in Polychaeta displays the plasticity of a simple segmented organisation that basically is nothing else but a serial repetition of identical units. Thus, annelids are highly important to our understanding of fundamental questions about morphological and adaptive diversity, as well as clarifying evolutionary changes and phylogenetic relationships. The book aims to summarize our knowledge on Polychaetes polychaetes and their allies and gives an overview of recent advances gained by studies that employed conventional and modern methods plus, increasingly and importantly, the use of molecular markers and computer-assisted kinship analyses. It also reflects the state of art in polychaete sciences and presents new questions and controversies. As such it will significantly influence the direction of research on Polychaeta and their related taxa.
Download or read book Flowering Plants Monocots written by Elizabeth A. Kellogg and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-18 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the outcome of a modern phylogenetic analysis of the grass family based on multiple sources of data, in particular molecular systematic studies resulting from a concerted effort by researchers worldwide, including the author. In the classification given here grasses are subdivided into 12 subfamilies with 29 tribes and over 700 genera. The keys and descriptions for the taxa above the rank of genus are hierarchical, i.e. they concentrate upon characters which are deemed to be synapomorphic for the lineages and may be applicable only to their early-diverging taxa. Beyond the treatment of phylogeny and formal taxonomy, the author presents a wide range of information on topics such as the structural characters of grasses, their related functional aspects and particularly corresponding findings from the field of developmental genetics with inclusion of genes and gene products instrumental in the shaping of morphological traits (in which this volume appears unique within this book series); further topics addressed include the contentious time of origin of the family, the emigration of the originally shade-loving grasses out of the forest to form vast grasslands accompanied by the switch of many members to C4 photosynthesis, the impact of herbivores on the silica cycle housed in the grass phytoliths, the reproductive biology of grasses, the domestication of major cereal crops and the affinities of grasses within the newly circumscribed order Poales. This volume provides a comprehensive overview of existing knowledge on the Poaceae (Gramineae), with major implications in terms of key scientific challenges awaiting future research. It certainly will be of interest both for the grass specialist and also the generalist seeking state-of-the-art information on the diversity of grasses, the most ecologically and economically important of the families of flowering plants.
Download or read book Classification Evolution and Phylogeny of the Families of Monocotyledons written by Aaron Goldberg and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mycoheterotrophy written by Vincent Merckx and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-09 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the course of evolution, several plant lineages have found ways to obtain water, minerals, and carbohydrates from fungi. Some plants are able exploit fungi to such an extent that they lose the need for photosynthesis. The ability of a plant to live on fungal carbon is known as mycoheterotrophy. This intriguing process has fascinated botanists for centuries, yet many aspects of mycoheterotrophy have remained elusive for a long time. Mycoheterotrophy: The Biology of Plants Living on Fungi explores the biology of mycoheterotrophs, offering general insights into their ecology, diversity, and evolution. Written by renowned experts in the field and bolstered with lavish illustrations and photographs, this volume provides a thematic overview of different aspects of mycoheterotrophy. Comprehensive and readily accessible, Mycoheterotrophy: The Biology of Plants Living on Fungi is a valuable resource for researchers and students who are interested in the process of mycoheterotrophy.
Download or read book The Importance of Phylogeny in Regional and Temporal Diversity and Disparity Dynamics written by Elizabeth Anne Ferrer and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To understand how various patterns of biodiversity evolve, we must understand not only how various factors influence these patterns, but also the effects of evolutionary history on these patterns. A continuing discussion in biology is the relationship among various levels and forms of diversity. Most studies that focus on past, current, or predicted future changes in diversity use a phylogenetic context, yet lack a phylogenetic framework. Closing that conceptual gap can help to produce a more coherent understanding of diversity patterns and can be more useful when integrated with new dimensions (i.e., time). Here I focus on how extinction and origination rates affect measures of taxonomic (taxic), phylogenetic (sensu Faith's diversity), and morphological diversity. In chapter 1, I analyze the relationship between taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity in canids and varanids using time calibrated phylogenies. To understand how phylogenetic diversity and taxonomic diversity compare temporally, analyses were run on whole trees as well as trees modified to represent designated time bins. All statistical analyses showed that although taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity can be strongly correlated in certain instances, they also often diverge. This divergence indicates a significant shift in tree geometry (overall assembly of branches across the tree within and across time bins), especially during the extinction of evolutionarily deep, and thus vital, lineages. In chapter 2, I use 2D geometric morphometric analysis of the skulls of extant monitors and some fossil relatives to quantify and compare morphological diversity. I then test the robustness of these patterns using a phylogenetic framework alongside taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity on a molecular tree both temporally and spatially. Monitor lizards are a good model for these shape analyses because they are morphologically conservative, but regionally variable in diversity. Fossil varanoids fall well within the range of extant morphological variation, but the region of lowest taxonomic but relatively high phylogenetic diversity relates to a large amount of shape disparity. Phylomorphospace and phylogenetic signal analyses also showed that evolutionary history is a strong influence on size and shape patterns, but the influence of allometry on shape patterns decreases when accounting for evolutionary history. In chapter 3, I analyze disparity through time (sensu Slater) on a time calibrated molecular varanid tree using size and cranial geometric morphometric data (from chapter 2) to compare with taxonomic diversity. Disparity starts high and falls through time because the nestedness of originations increases across the phylogeny. Size disparity often falls below the expected measures of disparity whereas shape disparity rises above expected. Although considered morphologically conservative, ecological variation within Varanus is portrayed in aspects of size and cranial shape disparity, and the originations of certain groups (e.g., largest and smallest taxa) are correlated with certain patterns of disparity through time. These results also corroborate inferences made in studies of Varanus fossil material that size variation in Varanus (which influences shape variation) may have been higher in the past. These results suggest that in order to understand the evolutionary consequences and causes of diversity shifts, we cannot just look at diversity today or one metric alone. Origination and extinction rates can have disparate effects on morphological and phylogenetic diversity, and integrating evolutionary history into these studies can result in different inferences about underlying processes. As a consequence, trying to understand extant and past diversity using the power of a phylogenetic framework may provide a wealth of information on the effects of origination and extinctions on evolutionary depth.
