Download or read book Diversity and Distribution of Phytoplankton Community Structure Vis a Vis Chlorophyll Pigments in True Estuarine Ecosystem written by A. Silambarasan and published by Independent Author. This book was released on 2023-02-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book titled "Diversity and Distribution of Phytoplankton Community Structure Vis a Vis Chlorophyll Pigments in True Estuarine Ecosystem" authored by A. Silambarasan presents a comprehensive study of phytoplankton diversity and community structure in estuarine ecosystems. The book explores the relationship between chlorophyll pigments and phytoplankton assemblages, and how they impact the ecological balance of estuarine systems. The author conducted an extensive survey of phytoplankton and chlorophyll pigments in three different estuaries, and the data collected was analyzed to evaluate the diversity, distribution, and abundance of phytoplankton species. The book highlights the significance of phytoplankton as a key component of aquatic ecosystems and their impact on the food chain. It also sheds light on the various factors affecting the distribution of phytoplankton, including temperature, salinity, and nutrient availability. The book also discusses the ecological implications of changing phytoplankton populations and the impact on the ecosystem and biodiversity. Overall, the book is a valuable resource for students, researchers, and environmentalists who are interested in understanding the dynamics of estuarine ecosystems and the role of phytoplankton in maintaining the ecological balance.
Download or read book An Introduction to Phytoplanktons Diversity and Ecology written by Ruma Pal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-16 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book , ‘An Introduction to Phytoplanktons - Diversity and Ecology’ is very useful as it covers wide aspects of phytoplankton study including the general idea about cyanobacteria and algal kingdom. It contains different topics related to very basic idea of phytoplanktons such as, types ,taxonomic description and the key for identification etc. Together with it, very modern aspects of phytoplankton study including different methodologies needed for research students of botany, ecology, limnology and environmental biology are also included. The first chapter is very basic and informative and describes algal and phytoplankton classification, algal pigments, algal bloom and their control, algal toxins, wetlands algae, ecological significance of phytoplanktons etc. A general key for identification of common phytoplankton genera is also included for students who will be able to identify these genera based on the light microscopic characters. In Chapters 2-4, different aspects of phytoplankton research like primary productivity, community pattern analysis and their ecological parameter analysis have been discussed with detailed procedures. Statistical analysis is also discussed in detail. Chapter 5 includes case studies related to review, phytoplankton diversity and dynamics.
Download or read book Phytoplankton Ecology written by Graham Harris and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Biocoenetic Process in an Estuarine Phytoplankton Community written by Bernard C. Patten and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis in Phytoplankton Ecology written by Judit Padisák and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume gives an insight into what a group of contemporary plankton biologists think about the utility, virtues, strengths and theoretical and practical weaknesses of J.H. Connell's Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis within the context of phytoplankton ecology. The sequence of papers in this volume moves from particular case studies to more general and finally theoretical approaches.
Download or read book Organization and Distribution of Phytoplankton Communities written by Ramon Margalef and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The different measurements of environmental factors or of phytoplankton populations, obtained in different points of a volume of water, can never be considered as random samples of an uniform statistical universe. It is more appropriate to study distributions as dependent of position in space and, as manifestations of an 'organization'. The density of one given species in a small volume of water is not only a function of local environmental properties, but also depends on the concentration of the same species in some neighboring area. Diffusivity and water turbulence is very important, as are the gradients and generated flows. Patches of strongly stratified water, poor in nutrients is another unit of reference. A careful consideration of the distribution of phytoplankton advises a change in the order of importance given to the different factors. Salinity and temperature have been often considered as very important factors in plankton distribution, but from recent evidence turbulence and nutrient contents are, besides light, the chief factors in explaining phytoplankton populations. It was discovered that not only total amount of plant pigments, but also relative concentration of pigments could be meaningful. Pigment ratios could be substituted, in the practice, by ratios between absorbancies at given wavelengths of the pigment extracts. Thus, progress in plant physiology emphasizes the idea that the diversity of pigments is an expression of properties of the photosynthetizing apparatus, and that the said pigment ratios, besides any taxonomical interpretation, have implications of true ecological relevance concerning the degree of evolution or the stage of succession.
Download or read book Phytoplankton Sampling in Quantitative Baseline and Monitoring Programs written by Paul Edward Stofan and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phytoplankton Community Structure and Succession in Castle Lake California written by and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phytoplankton Biomass and Community Structure at Frontal Zones in the Surface Waters of the Northern Gulf of Mexico written by Alicia Salazar and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Satellite images of chlorophyll concentration in the surface waters of the Gulf of Mexico suggest a high degree of heterogeneity in the phytoplankton biomass. The causes of this variability and the amount of variability in the phytoplankton community structure are not well understood. The physical and chemical conditions of a specific environment can influence phytoplankton community structure by selecting for those phytoplankton species able to survive within that environment. Varying salinity and temperature characteristics give water masses distinct surface water density signatures. This study examined the relationship between phytoplankton biomass, community structure, and different water mass properties by measuring chlorophyll a and algal group concentration across frontal zones. Continuous salinity and temperature measurements were used to calculate continuous density along transects during four cruises on the R/V Gyre between summer 2002 and spring 2004. Frontal zones were identified as areas of sharp density change where [sigma]t changed by 1.5 points over a distance of 1 km. Density fronts that coincided with visible temperature fronts (satellite AVHRR images) were selected for biomass and community structure analysis. Discrete water samples were analyzed using fluorometric analysis (total chlorophyll a concentration) and HPLC analysis (photosynthetic pigments). Community composition for discrete samples was determined using CHEMTAX and these values were used to interpolate community composition. Phytoplankton biomass and community structure were examined at a total of 21 density fronts. Unlike previous studies of frontal zones, phytoplankton biomass (measured as chl a concentration) was not significantly higher within frontal zones than in adjacent waters at any of the 21 fronts. Community composition (measured as algal group abundance and diversity) was significantly different between the front and at least one adjacent water mass at front 2 during summer 2002, at front 6 during summer 2003, at front 3 during fall 2003, and at front 3 during spring 2004. Both biomass and community composition were significantly different between fronts at all front pairs during summer 2002. The results of this study suggest that density fronts are not biologically important features in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Lack of high phytoplankton biomass at fronts in the Gulf of Mexico could indicate that unique physical, chemical, or biological processes are occurring.
Download or read book Who is Chlorophyll A written by Gregory D. O'Connell and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phytoplankton Chlorophyll a Concentration in Community Structure of Two Temporarily Open closed Estuaries written by P t Gama and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nutrient and Grazing Control of Estuarine Phytoplankton Growth and Community Composition written by Emily K. Cira and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estuarine phytoplankton growth is often controlled by nitrogen availability. In addition to overall nitrogen loads, nitrogen form (organic vs. inorganic) is an important factor affecting estuarine phytoplankton growth and community composition. Recent studies have shown that in addition to nitrogen availability, trophic cascades and relaxation of grazing pressure may also be important for phytoplankton bloom formation in estuaries. With a goal of better understanding how nitrogen availability and grazing pressure interact to control estuarine phytoplankton growth and community composition, we examined the individualistic as well as the combined effects of nitrogen (varying availability and form) and grazing pressure on estuarine phytoplankton growth and community composition in the Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina, USA. During each of three sampling events (June 2011, August 2011, March 2012) natural phytoplankton assemblages were manipulated with added nitrogen (as urea or nitrate) and reduced grazing pressure (by filtering out zooplankton grazers). Treatments were incubated for 48 hours in an experimental pond, and subsamples taken daily to assess phytoplankton growth responses to treatments through chlorophyll a, diagnostic photopigments and cell enumerations. The effects of nitrogen additions and reduced grazing pressure varied throughout the events. In June, only nitrogen addition stimulated phytoplankton community growth (chlorophyll a), while in August, only grazing reduction had a significant impact on community growth. Neither treatment had a significant effect on community growth in March, as the phytoplankton community faced phosphorus-limitation and decreased grazing pressure associated with cooler winter/spring temperatures. While both treatments did not continuously effect overall phytoplankton growth throughout all experiments, there were always effects seen in some diagnostic photopigments, indicating varying taxa-specific responses to treatments throughout the year, which can be explained by shifts in phytoplankton community composition and environmental factors. These results demonstrate the importance of both bottom-up (nutrient availability and form) and top-down (grazing) controls in a temperate, eutrophic estuary. Results also hint at the potential for other factors (i.e. light and phosphorus-limitation) to play a role in phytoplankton growth as well. Phytoplankton growth, biomass and community dynamics are relevant indicators of environmental change and this study highlights the need to consider the potential interactive effects of controlling factors for proper management of estuarine ecosystems. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151400
Download or read book Phytoplankton Pigments written by Suzanne Roy and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-10-27 with total page 891 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pigments act as tracers to elucidate the fate of phytoplankton in the world's oceans and are often associated with important biogeochemical cycles related to carbon dynamics in the oceans. They are increasingly used in in situ and remote-sensing applications, detecting algal biomass and major taxa through changes in water colour. This book is a follow-up to the 1997 volume Phytoplankton Pigments in Oceanography (UNESCO Press). Since then, there have been many advances concerning phytoplankton pigments. This book includes recent discoveries on several new algal classes particularly for the picoplankton, and on new pigments. It also includes many advances in methodologies, including liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and developments and updates on the mathematical methods used to exploit pigment information and extract the composition of phytoplankton communities. The book is invaluable primarily as a reference for students, researchers and professionals in aquatic science, biogeochemistry and remote sensing.
Download or read book Phytoplankton Pigments written by Suzanne Roy and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 845 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modeling Phytoplankton Community Response to Nutrient Loading and Climate Change in a Shallow Temperate Estuary written by Sara A. Blachman and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phytoplankton account for at least half of all primary production in estuarine waters and are at the center of biogeochemical cycles and material budgets. Environmental managers use water column chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentrations as a basic water quality indictor, as the problems of eutrophication and hypoxia are intrinsically linked to excessive phytoplankton growth. Evidence suggests that the distribution and frequency of harmful algal blooms may be increasing worldwide. For the most part, phytoplankton communities follow a standard seasonal pattern, with specific groups dominating the assemblage during the time of year when environmental conditions correspond to their requisites for growth. However, climate change will result in incremental but consistent shifts in some environmental factors known to affect phytoplankton production and biomass accumulation. Mean surface temperatures in North American mid-Atlantic coastal and estuarine regions are steadily rising, and the frequency and severity of drought and storm events are projected to fluctuate, potentially increasing the severity of extreme weather events. Anthropogenically-induced nutrient loading, especially from non-point sources, is one of the largest consistent contributors to coastal marine eutrophication. The consequences of changes in these environmental factors to estuarine ecosystems and phytoplankton community dynamics are unclear. Because different phytoplankton groups respond to environmental changes in distinctive ways, some classes thrive during periods of environmental stability and others at times of temporary or sustained disturbance. To predict how phytoplankton and therefore water quality might respond to changes in climate and land use, we built mathematical phytoplankton kinetics sub-models that differentiate phytoplankton groups using taxonomic classes with well-defined functional characteristics. Then we integrated them into a reduced-complexity estuarine ecosystem model. The sub-models were designed to simulate daily biomass of diatoms, dinoflagellates, cyanobacteria, and raphidophytes in the New River Estuary, NC. We calibrated and validated the model using data collected from 2007 – 2012 through the Aquatic Estuarine monitoring module of the Defense Coastal/Estuarine Research Program. The model was a relatively good predictor of total chl-a and primary production, and a fair predictor of group dynamics. The model was employed in heuristic simulations of changes in temperature, nutrient loading, and freshwater delivery to predict their effects on overall phytoplankton biomass, productivity, and community composition. Increases in temperature had a modest effect on mean daily simulated phytoplankton production and chl-a, but considerably decreased the relative abundance of diatoms and simultaneously increased the relative abundance of cyanobacteria. The seasonal phenology of phytoplankton abundance also shifted in response to increased temperatures: chl-a concentrations were larger in the winter and spring and smaller in the summer and fall. The model was most sensitive to changes in the watershed nutrient load. Nutrient influx had a dramatic effect on the temporal and spatial extent of phytoplankton blooms. The relative abundance of dinoflagellates and raphidophytes increased in response to elevated nutrient loading, regardless of whether load was increased directly as in nutrient simulations or indirectly as in freshwater simulations. Initially, greater freshwater discharge increased total chl-a, productivity, and the frequency of phytoplankton blooms. However, these relationships leveled off or were reversed as flow continued to increase due to greater rates of flushing and light attenuation. Results demonstrated how models like this can be important tools for both heuristic understanding and environmental management. A benefit of this model is how easy it is to update to other estuarine systems through the re-parameterization of the phytoplankton groups.
Download or read book Phytoplankton Community Structure Response to Groundwater borne Nutrients in the Inland Bays DE written by Daniel M. Torre and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We conducted a series of experiments, coupling seepage meters directly to phytoplankton enclosure experiments to determine the impacts of groundwater-borne nutrients on biomass and response in community structure of phytoplankton. To assess the impacts of groundwater-borne nutrients, we measured chlorophyll a concentrations as a proxy for overall biomass and used genetic sequencing techniques to characterize the phytoplankton community structure. Groundwater carried a high N load to the estuary with NO3- up to 295 μmol/L, and NH4 + up to 55 μmol/L. As a result treatment mesocosms had NO 3- concentrations up to 55.5 μmol/L and NH 4+ up to 4.0 μmol/L, while control mesocosms received filtered seawater, and were thus relatively low in nutrients (24.2 μmol/L NO3- and ∼2 μmol/L NH4 +). In June the highest chlorophyll a concentrations occurred after 3.5 days, with significant differences between control mesocosms (4.3±0.2 mg/L), groundwater amended mesocosms (7.0±0.6 mg/L), and mesocosms receiving groundwater across the sediment-water interface (10.9±0.2 mg/L). In August, biomass peaked after 3 days and showed larger variation across treatment groups with groundwater amended mesocosms reaching significantly higher values (36.6±2.0 mg/L) than mesocosms receiving groundwater across the sediment-water interface (18.7±4.8 mg/L), which showed significantly different values than both controls and phosphate amended mesocosms (11.9±0.7 and 9.9±0.2 mg/L respectively). Community gene sequence data showed that species assemblage was also impacted by availability of nutrients, with significant differences in community structure for mesocosms receiving nutrients vs control mesocosms in both June and August experiments. Several harmful algal species also proliferated in high nutrient treatments, including Cylindrotheca closterium, Karlodinium veneficum, Nitzschia ovalis, and Heterocapsa sp. Our study demonstrates the importance groundwater-borne nutrients play in structuring the phytoplankton community, and the potential impacts of nutrient loading through groundwater transport. More research is needed to further identify spatial and temporal differences in groundwater-borne nutrient discharge and response of phytoplankton community structure.
Download or read book Phytoplankton Pigments written by Suzanne Roy and published by . This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 890 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes recent advances in the study and use of phytoplankton pigments for students, researchers and professionals in aquatic science, biogeochemistry and remote sensing.
