Download or read book Distribution and Habitat of the Threatened Cheat Mountain Salamander Plethodon Nettingi at Multiple Spatial Scales in West Virginia Forests written by Lester O. Dillard and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cheat Mountain Salamander Plethodon Nettingi Recovery Plan written by Thomas K. Pauley and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Conservation Genetics of the Threatened Cheat Mountain Salamander Plethodon Nettingi written by Lauren Rowan and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NiSource Gas Transmission and Storage Inc Multi species Habitat Conservation Plan Application for Incidental Take Permit written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 1406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Revisiting the Ecological Status of the Cheat Mountain Salamander Plethodon Nettingi After 32 Years written by Whitney A. Kroschel and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Use of Emergent Rocks as Refugia for the Cheat Mountain Salamander P l e t h o d o n N e t t i n g i Green written by Beth Anne Pauley and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A New Salamander Plethodon Nettingi from West Virginia written by N. Bayard Green and published by . This book was released on 1938 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Behavioral Ecology of the Eastern Red backed Salamander written by Robert G. Jaeger and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-08-04 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The small, terrestrial eastern red-backed salamander is abundant on many forest floors of northeastern North America. Dr. Robert Jaeger and many of his graduate students spent over 50 years studying this species in New York and Virginia, using ecological techniques in forests and behavioral experiments in laboratory chambers in an attempt to understand how this species interacts with other species in the forest and the components of its intra- and intersexual social behaviors. The competitive and social behaviors of this species are unusually complex for an amphibian. This species is highly aggressive towards other similar-size species where they cohabit in forests, often leading to very little geographic overlap between the species. The authors examine the fascinating behavioral traits of this species including social monogamy, mutual mate guarding, sexual coercion, inter-species communication, and conflict resolution.
Download or read book Habitat Preferences of the Junaluska Salamander Eurycea Juanluska Over Two Spatial Scales written by Elizabeth Chattin and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Historical and Ecological Biogeography of the Eastern Red Backed Salamander Plethodon Cinereus written by Brian P. Waldron and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Patterns in the distributions of species result from numerous ecological and evolutionary processes, including competitive interactions, evolved physiological tolerances, and the historical environmental fluctuations that have caused ranges to shift, expand, or contract over long time periods. For some groups of species, these processes have resulted in an elaborate diversification of traits. For other groups, however, such as woodland salamanders (genus Plethodon), closely related species may be phenotypically similar or even identical. It is less clear what drives the formation of such species, whether and how they maintain their identities and interact after initial divergence, and how such similar species might have evolved ecologically in subtle ways to differentially utilize the landscape. The Eastern Red-backed Salamander (Plethodon cinereus) is a small, fully terrestrial woodland salamander notable for its wide distribution and high phylogeographic diversity in the eastern United States and southeastern Canada. Most of its current distribution, however, was covered by ice sheets at the end of the Pleistocene, suggesting recent and rapid post-glacial expansion. It is not yet clear how P. cinereus colonized these landscapes, and what ecological characteristics made P. cinereus so successful in its range expansion compared to other species. Some studies comparing narrowly-distributed montane Plethodon to their lowland counterparts have suggested a combination of physiological specialization and competitive superiority of montane species relative to generalist lowland species such as P. cinereus, but it is unknown if this asymmetry applies to sets of lowland species outside of montane systems. In this dissertation, I explore the biogeography of woodland salamanders, with special attention to P. cinereus, at ecological and evolutionary time scales to uncover the processes that shape genetic diversity and species distributions. Chapters 1 and 2 concern the historical biogeography and evolution of P. cinereus, while Chapters 3 and 4 compare the habitat use of P. cinereus to two of its more broadly distributed relatives, the Northern Ravine Salamander (P. electromorphus) and the Southern Ravine Salamander (P. richmondi), to test if they have diverged ecologically, including multiple ecological scales. In Chapter 1, I used next-generation DNA sequencing to explore the phylogeographic structure and demographic history of P. cinereus, using the species as a model for the formation of incipient lineages of Plethodon. I identified several groups that diverged within the Pleistocene, yet I also found numerous and sometimes extensive regions of admixture between groups, suggesting a model of range fragmentation and fusion during incipient species formation. In Chapter 2, I focus on the most recent post-glacial expansion of P. cinereus, using DNA sequencing from range-wide samples to uncover the origins and routes of colonization. Results generally supported a southeastern coastal origin that expanded northward, westward into the Great Lakes region, and then a novel colonization route southward back into unglaciated areas. In Chapter 3, I used ecological niche modeling to test if niche differentiation between P. cinereus, P. electromorphus, and P. richmondi explains their broad distributional patterns. All species had estimated niches that were more different than expected by chance, and historical habitat suitability has fluctuated dramatically in the Holocene epoch, although I did not find strong evidence that climatic or topographic variables differentiated occurrences of P. cinereus and P. electromorphus within their overlapping distribution. Finally, in Chapter 4, I explore microhabitat differentiation between P. cinereus and P. electromorphus where they occur and interact at fine spatial scales. Plethodon cinereus greatly outnumbered P. electromorphus, and P. electromorphus used cooler, wetter microhabitats that were also occupied by P. cinereus, with no evidence for a negative correlation in their occupancies or abundances. Taken together, my work suggests that current distributions, including patterns within and between species, are shaped by historical range expansion and contractions, as well as subtle differences in habitat use at multiple spatial scales.
Download or read book Spatial Variation in the Abundance Demography and Physiology of the Montane Endemic Salamander Plethodon Shermani and the Consequences of Climate Change written by Meaghan R. Gade and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As climate change marches on, it is imperative to understand how species respond via distribution, abundance, physiology, and behavior to their environment present-day in order to inform possible responses in the future. Populations of species exist across heterogeneous environments that may differentially influence particular responses. The scale at which these responses are assessed must be considered because patterns can emerge at a local scale that may not be detectable at broader scales. Yet, only assessing local-scale patterns and responses neglects the broader landscape patterns that ultimately shape fine-scales. Montane biodiversity experience extreme abiotic variation over small spatial scales. To increase our understanding of how these gradients influence wildlife across scales, my research examines the patterns of distribution, abundance, demographic life-history traits, behavior, and physiology in the red-legged salamander, Plethodon shermani, across multiple abiotic gradients in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. The primary objectives of my research are to (1) understand the effects of spatial patterns on ecological responses of P. shermani and (2) use that knowledge to predict how responses will change in the future. Terrestrial Plethodon salamanders lack lungs and depend on cool and moist microhabitat to facilitate gas exchange across their skin surface. As such, salamanders are restricted to specific habitats. We know that salamander abundance increases with elevation due to the cool and moist regional climate at high elevations. However, my research investigates the role of both elevation and stream distance gradients as broad and fine-scale abiotic gradients, respectively, that salamanders may be responding. Although low elevations are regionally warm and dry, microhabitats near streams are buffered and tend to be cooler and wetter. I found that salamander distribution and abundance track these landscape patterns such that at low elevations, animals are distributed in their highest abundance near stream sides but become less dependent on stream-side habitat at high elevations due to the regionally cool and moist habitat. Salamander life history also varies across these gradients; survival decreases with elevation but reproductive rates and growth increase with elevation. Both survival and reproduction decrease with stream distance at low elevations, but growth and movement increase with stream distance. I also found that a metric for stress, dermal Corticosterone, (dCORT) was lowest in animals at low elevations and stream distance had no effect. Salamander dCORT additively increased in response to experimental conditions reflective of future climate change. I also found that the surface activity probability of salamanders will likely increase in the future in response to rising temperatures. Using a highly integrative approach, my research collectively shows that salamanders have multi-faceted responses to spatial variation of landscapes and will be impacted by future climate change.
Download or read book Assessing the Relative Influence of Abiotic and Biotic Impacts to Range Limits in Two Terrestrial Salamander Species Plethodon Glutinosus and Plethodon Mississippi written by Heather Renee Cunningham and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My research investigated the impact of abiotic factors and species interactions on the geographic distribution of two terrestrial salamander species, Plethodon glutinosus(Northern Slimy Salamander) and P. mississippi (Mississippi Slimy Salamander) at different spatial scales. I addressed the influence of ecological factors such as climate and topography on the relative strength of competitive interactions at broad and local scales. Often these factors are studied as independent determinants of species range limits; therefore, my research was designed to address how interactions between different ecological factors affected populations across geographic space. The novelty of my research was the methodological approach used. To my knowledge, this is the first use of ecological niche modeling in conjunction with fine scaled studies of competitive interactions to empirically test the influence of ecological factors on the relative strength of competitive interactions. At broad spatial scales the cost of competitive interactions for P. glutinosus and P. mississippiwas found to increase at the range margin relative to the interior of the range. However, along the range margin, the influence of climate and species interactions did not vary in a predictable manner. It is likely that interactions between microclimatic conditions, habitat structure, and land cover are stronger constraints on species interactions at the range margin than broad scale climate patterns. Subtle alterations in aggressive behavior, due to the introduction of a non-native congener, had little impact in local scale distribution. This is likely due to habitat structure and local abiotic conditions at the site of introduction. Overall the distributions of P. glutinosus and P. mississippi are shaped by multiple interactions between abiotic and biotic factors that differ in their relative strength at different spatial scales across geographic space. My work demonstrates the importance of considering interactions among various ecological causes of range limits and the spatial scale of investigation.
Download or read book Ecology of Populations of Van Dyke s Salamanders in the Cascade Range of Washington State written by Aimee P. McIntyre and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Van Dyke's salamander (Plethodon vandyke,) is a rare species endemic to Washington State. It has been found in cool moist microhabitats along streams, splash zones of waterfalls, and headwater seeps. We explored the association of the Van Dyke's salamander with hydrologic condition, geomorphology, disturbance characteristics, and vegetation structure in first- and second-order streams, and headwater seeps in the Cascade Range of Washington. We conducted salamander surveys and measured habitat characteristics at 50 streams and 40 seeps May-October 2000-2002. We described Van Dyke's salamander occurrence in stream and seep sites at three spatial scales: between sites, within sites, and between microhabitat sites. Using presence and absence as the response, we fit logistic regression models predicting Van Dyke's salamander occurrence. To identify the model that best fit the data, we ranked a priori models using Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). Results were consistent for both stream and seep sites, at all three spatial scales. Best approximating models indicated that Van Dyke's salamander occurrence at sites was related to geological and hydrological habitat characteristics that provided hydnc and thermal stability. The probability of Van Dyke's salamander occurrence along streams was associated with habitat characteristics that protected salamanders from exposure, provided a source cover, and stream habitat types providing splash zone areas. Between streams, Van Dyke's salamander occurrence was positively associated with the proportion of valley walls with canopy cover 5%, the proportion of the stream channel dominated by bedrock, boulder, or soil substrates, and additional stream channels entering the main channel. Within streams, the probability of Van Dyke's salamander occurrence increased with the presence of non-forested areas, the presence of bedrock dominated stream habitat types, and the presence of vertical or V-shaped valley wall morphology. Between microhabitat sites, the probability of Van Dyke's salamander occurrence increased with an absence of trees, the presence of seeps, and the presence of small cobble sized substrates. The probability of Van Dyke's salamander occurrence in seeps was associated with habitat characteristics that protected salamanders within the larger landscape, provided a moisture gradient from dry to saturated, and the presence of cover objects. Between seeps, Van Dyke's salamander occurrence was positively associated with seep faces having a dry and sheeting hydrology, and with seep faces5 m high. Within seeps, the probability of Van Dyke's salamander occurrence was negatively associated with seeps that had proportionately more point measures of total overhead cover that were>25%. Between microhabitat sites, the probability of Van Dyke's salamander occurrence was positively associated with an increase in the percent cover of small cobble, small gravel, and bedrock substrates. We conducted mark-recapture surveys of the Van Dyke's salamander at two high-gradient stream sites located within the Cascade Range of Washington State, June-November 2002. Sites known to support populations of the Van Dyke's salamander were chosen, and were ecologically different. One site, lacking significant overstory and located within the blast zone created by the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, was surveyed 10 times. The other site, located in an old-growth coniferous stand, was surveyed 11 times. Abundance of salamanders at the blast zone site was estimated to be 458 (95% Cl: 306-739). Abundance of salamanders at the old-growth site was estimated to be 100 individuals (95% Cl: 61-209). Capture probabilities were extremely low (5 =
Download or read book Environmental Impacts of Wind Energy Projects written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-09-27 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The generation of electricity by wind energy has the potential to reduce environmental impacts caused by the use of fossil fuels. Although the use of wind energy to generate electricity is increasing rapidly in the United States, government guidance to help communities and developers evaluate and plan proposed wind-energy projects is lacking. Environmental Impacts of Wind-Energy Projects offers an analysis of the environmental benefits and drawbacks of wind energy, along with an evaluation guide to aid decision-making about projects. It includes a case study of the mid-Atlantic highlands, a mountainous area that spans parts of West Virginia, Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. This book will inform policy makers at the federal, state, and local levels.
Download or read book Reptile Biodiversity written by Roy W. McDiarmid and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2012-01-10 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Authoritative and comprehensive—provides an up-to-date description of the tool box of methods for inventorying and monitoring the diverse spectrum of reptiles. All biodiversity scientists will want to have it during project planning and as study progresses. A must for field biologists, conservation planners, and biodiversity managers.”—Jay M. Savage, San Diego State University “Kudos to the editors and contributors to this book. From the perspective of a non-ecologist such as myself, who only occasionally needs to intensively sample a particular site or habitat, the quality and clarity of this book has been well worth the wait.”—Jack W. Sites, Jr.
Download or read book California Riparian Systems written by Richard E. Warner and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1984-01-01 with total page 1076 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents 135 of the papers presented at the 1981 California Riparian Systems Conference. The papers address all aspects of riparian systems: habitat, wildlife, land management, land use policy planning, conservation and water resource management.
Download or read book Eastern Hemlock Forests written by Jeffrey S. Ward and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
