Download or read book Dilute Magnetic Semiconductors for Spintronics written by Nana Pradhan and published by . This book was released on 2017-06-03 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book First Principle Vs Experimental Design of Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors written by Omar Mounkachi and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2018-10 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent discoveries have given rise to a new class of electronics known as "spin electronics or spintronics," which uses the electron spin rather than its charge to create polarized currents. Spintronics is currently experiencing an extraordinary development with the manufacture of nanoscale devices based on ferromagnetic materials and semiconductors. Their applications are numerous, ranging from recording, electronics, and optoelectronics to quantum information. Spintronics is a new generation of electronics that has brought and continues to bring a lot of progress to information storage; this is due to the discovery of new materials with new functionalities and multiple applications. The discovery of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in 1988 by Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg (receiver of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2007) is considered a starting point of spintronics. GMR is based on the variation of the electric current in the presence of a magnetic field. The spintronics has made important contributions to the miniaturization desired for electronics; it uses nanometric components for processing and storing information. However, the limits of miniaturization on a nanometric scale are known, and it is imperative to develop new ways and new materials to exceed those limits. The most desired properties for these materials are high spin polarization, modular magnetic properties by an electric field and a long lifetime of the spin polarization. Among the new promising materials, we cite the following: Diluted magnetic semiconductors, which give new magnetic properties of conventional semiconductors, functional oxides (including the semi-metals and multiferroic metals) and organic semiconductors. The main theoretical challenge in this area is to understand how the macroscopic magnetic behavior observed results from interactions of a large number of degrees of microscopic freedom. In these systems the disorder is an essential parameter of magnetic phenomena, and due to random locations of impurity atoms it can lead to a total physical difference from the observed absence. There has been considerable recent advances in the design of these materials as diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS, or diluted magnetic semiconductors), and a number of semiconductors were investigated as II-VI group and III-V group doped compounds, with transition metals substituting their original cations. There are several different theoretical approaches to study these magnetic materials. The ab-initio approach starts from the Schrödinger equation to simulate a given material. Such an approach is essential to determine the parameters and microscopic properties of such a system. In this book, the authors analyzed the electronic structure of magnetic semiconductors diluted in the case of ZnO, GaN, SnO2, TiO2, MgH2, EuO and EuN doped RENs (RE=GdN, DyN and HoN). The authors focused on magnetic, optical and exchange mechanisms which control the ferromagnetism in these systems. The purpose of this book is to propose some ideas to answer the most important question in material science for semiconductor spintronics, primarily considering how room-temperature ferromagnetism in DMS can be realized. Additionally, the correlation between first principle and experimental design to see how properties of yet-to-be-synthesized materials can be predicted is discussed.
Download or read book Nanomagnetism and Spintronics written by Farzad Nasirpouri and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2011 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomagnetism and spintronics are two close subfields of nanoscience, explaining the effect of substantial magnetic properties of matter when the materials fabrication is realized at a comparable length size. Nanomagnetism deals with the magnetic phenomena specific to the structures having dimensions in the submicron range. The fact that the electronic transport properties of materials are dependent on the magnetic properties' artificial nanostructures, i.e., giant magnetoresistance (GMR) or tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR), has revolutionized spintronics science and technology. This book explains the concepts of nanomagnetism and spintronics by viewing the most recent research works from internationally distinguished research groups. Placing special emphasis on crucial fundamental and technical aspects of nanomagnetism and spintronics, it serves as a one-stop reference for universities offering postgraduate programs in nanotechnology or related disciplines. This unique book deals with all three stages required for conducting research in nanomagnetism and spintronics including fabrication, characterization and applications of nanomagnetic and spintronics materials, providing general concepts and an insightful overview of this subject for research students and scientists from different backgrounds investigating the multidisciplinary area of nanotechnology.
Download or read book Investigaton of the Suitability of Wide Bandgap Dilute Magnetic Semiconductors for Spintronics written by Matthew Hartmann Kane and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New semiconductor materials may enable next-generation 'spintronic' devices which exploit both the spin and charge of an electron for data processing, storage, and transfer. The realization of such devices would benefit greatly from room temperature ferromagnetic dilute magnetic semiconductors. Theoretical predictions have suggested that room temperature ferromagnetism may be possible in the wide bandgap semiconductors GaMnN and ZnMnO, though the existing models require input from the growth of high-quality materials. This work focuses on an experimental effort to develop high-quality materials in both of these wide bandgap materials systems. ZnMnO and ZnCoO single crystals have been grown by a modified melt growth technique. X-ray diffraction was used to examine the structural quality and demonstrate the single crystal character of these devices. Substitutional transition metal incorporation has been verified by optical transmission and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements. No indications of ferromagnetic hysteresis are observed from the bulk single crystal samples, and temperature dependent magnetization studies demonstrate a dominant antiferromagnetic exchange interaction. Efforts to introduce ferromagnetic ordering were only successful through processing techniques which significantly degraded the material quality. GaMnN thin films were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Good crystalline quality and a consistent growth mode with Mn incorporation were verified by several independent characterization techniques. Substitutional incorporation of Mn on the Ga lattice site was confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance. Mn acted as a deep acceptor in GaN. Nevertheless, ferromagnetic hysteresis was observed in the GaMnN films. The apparent strength of the magnetization correlated with the relative ratio of trivalent to divalent Mn. Valence state control through codoping with additional donors such as silicon was observed. Additional studies on GaFeN also showed a magnetic hysteresis. A comparison with implanted samples showed that the common origin to the apparent strong ferromagnetic hysteresis related to contribution from Mn substitutional ions. The observed magnetic hysteresis is due to the formation of Mn-rich regions during the growth process. This work demonstrated that the original intrinsic models for room temperature ferromagnetism in the wide bandgap semiconductors do not hold and the room temperature ferromagnetism in these materials results from extrinsic contributions.
Download or read book Handbook of Spintronic Semiconductors written by Weimin Chen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-05-08 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an in-depth review of the rapidly developing field of spintronic semiconductors. It covers a broad range of topics, including growth and basic physical properties of diluted magnetic semiconductors based on II-VI, III-V and IV semiconductors, recent developments in theory and experimental techniques and potential device applications; its aim is to provide postgraduate students, researchers and engineers a comprehensive overview of our present knowledge and future perspectives of spintronic semiconductors.
Download or read book Nanomagnetism And Spintronics Fabrication Materials Characterization And Applications written by Farzad Nasirpouri and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010-12-21 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spintronics manipulates individual magnetic moments to integrate logic functions and non-volatile information storage on the same platform. As is often the case in condensed matter science, advances are made through the synthesis of novel materials and high quality new physics materials. Giant magnetoresistance and dilute magnetic semiconductors are two such examples. However, the remarkable potential of spintronics for quantum computation faces major challenges when it comes to controlling simultaneously several qbits encoded in magnetic moments.After a brief introduction to concepts in nanomagnetism and spintronics, the text reviews recent techniques and their achievements in the synthesis and fabrication of magnetic nanostructures. The methods presented here emphasize bottom up or top down approaches for nanodots, nanowires and thin films. They include: focused ion beam irradiation, electron beam-induced chemical vapour deposition, chemical, and electrochemical methods. The later part of the book reviews magnetoelectric materials, the giant magnetoresistance in magnetic superlattices, dynamics effects in spin transfer torque oscillators, dilute magnetic oxides, rare earth nitrides with nuclear resonance scattering, and Mössbauer spectroscopy in spintronics. Finally, the last part of this book discusses applications to magnetic storage and bio-magnetism.Nanomagnetism and Spintronics will be useful to graduate students and researchers and engineers in the field of nanoscience.
Download or read book Introduction to the Physics of Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors written by Jan A. Gaj and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-12 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As materials whose semiconducting properties are influenced by magnetic ions, DMSs are central to the emerging field of spintronics. This volume focuses both on basic physical mechanisms (e.g. carrier-ion and ion-ion interactions), and resulting phenomena.
Download or read book Recent Advances in Novel Materials for Future Spintronics written by Xiaotian Wang and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-05-27 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As we all know, electrons carry both charge and spin. The processing of information in conventional electronic devices is based only on the charge of electrons. Spin electronics, or spintronics, uses the spin of electrons, as well as their charge, to process information. Metals, semiconductors, and insulators are the basic materials that constitute the components of electronic devices, and these types of materials have been transforming all aspects of society for over a century. In contrast, magnetic metals, half-metals (including zero-gap half-metals), magnetic semiconductors (including spin-gapless semiconductors), dilute magnetic semiconductors, and magnetic insulators are the materials that will form the basis for spintronic devices. This book aims to collect a range of papers on novel materials that have intriguing physical properties and numerous potential practical applications in spintronics.
Download or read book Introduction to Spintronics written by Evelyn Radford and published by Larsen and Keller Education. This book was released on 2019-06-10 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spintronics refers to the study of the intrinsic spin of the electron and its associated magnetic moment. It has potential applications in the area of data storage and transfer. Spintronic systems are prominently present in dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMS) and Heusler alloys. Some metal-based spintronic devices are tunnel magnetoresistance, spin-transfer torque and spin-wave logic devices. Non-volatile spin-logic devices that enable scaling are being widely studied. Spin-transfer and torque-based logic devices that use spins and magnets for information processes are also being developed. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of spintronics. Such selected concepts that redefine this field have been presented herein. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this textbook an invaluable source of knowledge.
Download or read book Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors written by Mukesh Kumar Jain and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1991 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This review volume presents both basic and applied aspects of diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS). The term DMS applies generally to semiconductors in which a fraction of its constituent ions are replaced by magnetic ions. This book is only the second to review DMS materials. It presents a detailed treatment of the current state of knowledge of the established properties of DMS in the form of single crystals, quantum wells and superlattices. It also brings together recent work on new DMS materials and presents discussions on a wide range of possible DMS applications.
Download or read book Rare Earth and Transition Metal Doping of Semiconductor Materials written by Volkmar Dierolf and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-01-23 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rare Earth and Transition Metal Doping of Semiconductor Material explores traditional semiconductor devices that are based on control of the electron's electric charge. This book looks at the semiconductor materials used for spintronics applications, in particular focusing on wide band-gap semiconductors doped with transition metals and rare earths. These materials are of particular commercial interest because their spin can be controlled at room temperature, a clear opposition to the most previous research on Gallium Arsenide, which allowed for control of spins at supercold temperatures. Part One of the book explains the theory of magnetism in semiconductors, while Part Two covers the growth of semiconductors for spintronics. Finally, Part Three looks at the characterization and properties of semiconductors for spintronics, with Part Four exploring the devices and the future direction of spintronics. - Examines materials which are of commercial interest for producing smaller, faster, and more power-efficient computers and other devices - Analyzes the theory behind magnetism in semiconductors and the growth of semiconductors for spintronics - Details the properties of semiconductors for spintronics
Download or read book Nanostructured Metal Oxides and Devices written by M. K. Jayaraj and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-16 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book primarily covers the fundamental science, synthesis, characterization, optoelectronic properties, and applications of metal oxide nanomaterials. It discusses the basic aspects of synthetic procedures and fabrication technologies, explains the related experimental techniques and also elaborates on the current status of nanostructured oxide materials and related devices. Two major aspects of metal oxide nanostructures – their optical and electrical properties – are described in detail. The first five chapters focus on the optical characteristics of semiconducting materials, especially metal oxides at the nanoscale. The following five chapters discuss the electrical properties observed in metal oxide-based semiconductors and the status quo of device-level developments in a variety of applications such as sensors, transistors, dilute magnetic semiconductors, and dielectric materials. The basic science and mechanism behind the optoelectronic phenomena are explained in detail, to aid readers interested in the structure–property symbiosis in semiconducting nanomaterials. In short, the book offers a valuable reference guide for researchers and academics in the areas of material science and semiconductor technology, especially nanophotonics and electronics.
Download or read book Supercritical Fluid Synthesis of Dilute Magnetic Semiconductor DMS and Hybrid Germanium Nanowire Structures written by Machteld Ingeborg Van der Meulen and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spintronics is an exciting new research field and has attracted a lot of attention since the discovery of the Giant Magneto Resistance (GMR) effect in 1988. Now research is facing the challenges of developing a second generation of spintronic devices, in which magnetic materials are integrated with semiconductor devices. Two types of material systems are momentarily investigated for second generation spintronic devices: (i) dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) and (ii) magnetic/semiconductor hybrid spintronic devices. Germanium is of particular interest to form the fundamental basis of both spintronic material systems. The work in this thesis therefore describes the possibilities of exploiting a supercritical fluid (SCF) technique for synthesising Ge-based DMS nanowires and hybrid Ge nanowire structures. In Chapter 3 the SCF synthesis and structural properties of single crystalline Mn-doped Ge nanowires, with a doping concentration of between 0.5-1.0 atomic %, is described. The nanowires produced displayed ferromagnetism above 300 K and a superior performance with respect to the hole mobility of around 340 cm2/Vs, demonstrating the potential of using these nanowires as building blocks for electronic devices. In Chapter 4, the Mn doping process of Ge nanowires via supercritical fluid deposition (SCFD) methods is reported. Depending on the reaction conditions, Ge1-xMnx nanowires with different structural and magnetic properties were synthesised. Single crystalline nanowires with doping concentrations as low as 0.5-1.0 atomic % displayed long-range ferromagnetic ordering at room temperature, whilst polycrystalline nanowires, with a Mn20Ge80 leader, showed short-range ferromagnetic ordering at room temperature. In Chapter 5 the SCF synthesis of hybrid germanium nanowire structures is detailed, such as Co/Ge and Mn/Ge core/shell nanocables. Co/Ge nanocables showed clear ferromagnetic ordering at room temperature. Further a nanoparticulate CoxMnyGez alloy synthesised via SCFD exhibits strong ferromagnetic behaviour at room temperature, unlike CoxMnyGez thin films.
Download or read book Recent Advances in Novel Materials for Future Spintronics written by Rabah Khenata and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As we all know, electrons carry both charge and spin. The processing of information in conventional electronic devices is based only on the charge of electrons. Spin electronics, or spintronics, uses the spin of electrons, as well as their charge, to process information. Metals, semiconductors, and insulators are the basic materials that constitute the components of electronic devices, and these types of materials have been transforming all aspects of society for over a century. In contrast, magnetic metals, half-metals (including zero-gap half-metals), magnetic semiconductors (including spin-gapless semiconductors), dilute magnetic semiconductors, and magnetic insulators are the materials that will form the basis for spintronic devices. This book aims to collect a range of papers on novel materials that have intriguing physical properties and numerous potential practical applications in spintronics.
Download or read book Handbook of Spin Transport and Magnetism written by Evgeny Y. Tsymbal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 797 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past several decades, the research on spin transport and magnetism has led to remarkable scientific and technological breakthroughs, including Albert Fert and Peter Grunberg's Nobel Prize-winning discovery of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in magnetic metallic multilayers. Handbook of Spin Transport and Magnetism provides a comprehensive, bal
Download or read book Dilute Magnetic Semiconductors Based on Gan and Zno written by Tom Kammermeier and published by Sudwestdeutscher Verlag Fur Hochschulschriften AG. This book was released on 2010-05 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two wide band gap dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMS) Gd: GaN and Co: ZnO are among the most favored materials for spintronic applications. Despite intense research efforts during the last years, the origin of the magnetic order is still under debate. This work reports structural and magnetic investigations on these DMS materials employing several complementary techniques. The X-ray linear dichroism (XLD) has been used to gain element-specific insight into the local structure of dopants and cations. X-ray diffraction (XRD) has resulted in information about the global structural properties. Magnetic characterization by superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) has been complemented by electron spin resonance (ESR) and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). This compilation of different techniques has yield new insight in the complex magnetic behavior of these wide band gap dilute magnetic semiconductor
Download or read book Characterization of Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors for Spintronics Applications written by Xiaoyu Zhou and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
