Download or read book Diesel Fuel Composition and Its Influence on the Organic Component of Particulate Emissions written by Madan Lal and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Composition and Formation Mechanism of Diesel Particulate Matter Associated with Various Factors from a Non road Diesel Generator written by Fuyan Liang and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diesel engines emit large quantities of fine particles to the atmosphere, on which numerous organic compounds are absorbed, such as PAHs, nitro-PAHs, and sulfur-containing PAHs. It is well established that exposure to PAHs and their derivatives may represent a high risk for human health. Considering its organic fractions and inhalable properties, diesel particulate matter (DPM) is considered a probable human carcinogen. The concerns of DPM health effects have simulated studies on DPM chemical composition and its formation mechanisms. This dissertation presents the results of an experimental investigation into the composition and formation mechanism of DPM at various engine operating conditions and fuel sulfur contents. The influence of sampling methods also was examined. High volume dilution sampling and ultrasonic assisted extraction methods were developed for collection and extraction of DPM. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with selective ion chromatogram (SIC), tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) with selected ion monitoring (SIM), and gas chromatography with atomic emission detection (GC/AED) were applied for determination of numerous hydrocarbons and organosulfur species in diesel emissions. The results of the comparisons between DPM extracts, diesel fuel, and engine oil indicate that diesel fuel, engine oil, and combustion process were the three major sources of alkanes, organic acids, and PAHs and alkylated PAHs in DPM, respectively. As expected, the distribution of organic compounds between gas and particle phase diesel emissions was directly correlated with their vapor pressures. Adsorption of gas phase organics onto diesel particles was the predominant mechanism controlling the formation of diesel aerosols. This research revealed strong effects from engine operation conditions and sampling methods on the organic composition and formation mechanism of DPM, as well as the compound distribution. Higher engine loads caused the increase in DPM emission rate, its elemental carbon fraction, and the heavier components, which were pyrogenic species, formed during combustion processes, and may present greater health risks. The comparison between the results for dilution method and stack sampling method demonstrated that the dilution process significantly increased the organic fraction of DPM through the condensation of gas-phase organics. The research outcomes provide important knowledge for understanding DPM nature and formation mechanisms.
Download or read book The Effects of Engine Operating Conditions and Fuel Composition on the Detailed Characteristics of Diesel Exhaust written by Chol-Bum Kweon and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Health Effects Associated with Diesel Exhaust Emissions written by Joseph Santodonato and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Diesel and Gasoline Engine Exhausts and Some Nitroarenes written by IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans and published by IARC Monographs on the Evaluat. This book was released on 2015-06-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of the IARC Monographs provides evaluations of the carcinogenicity of diesel and gasoline engine exhausts, and of 10 nitroarenes found in diesel engine exhaust: 3,7-dinitrofluoranthene, 3,9-dinitrofluoranthene, 1,3-dinitropyrene, 1,6-dinitropyrene, 1,8-dinitropyrene, 6-nitrochrysene, 2-nitrofluorene, 1-nitropyrene, 4-nitropyrene, and 3-nitrobenzanthrone. Diesel engines are used for transport on and off roads (e.g. passenger cars, buses, trucks, trains, ships), for machinery in various industrial sectors (e.g. mining, construction), and for electricity generators, particularly in developing countries. Gasoline engines are used in cars and hand-held equipment (e.g. chainsaws). The emissions from such combustion engines comprise a complex and varying mixture of gases (e.g. carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides), particles (e.g. PM10, PM2.5, ultrafine particles, elemental carbon, organic carbon, ash, sulfate, and metals), volatile organic compunds (e.g. benzene, formaldehyde) and semi-volatile organic compounds (e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) including oxygenated and nitrated derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Diesel and gasoline engines thus make a significant contribution to a broad range of air pollutants to which people are exposed in the general population as well as in different occupational settings. An IARC Monographs Working Group reviewed epidemiological evidence, animal bioassays, and mechanistic and other relevant data to reach conclusions as to the carcinogenic hazard to humans of environmental or occupational exposure to diesel and gasoline engine exhausts (including those associated with the mining, railroad, construction, and transportation industries) and to 10 selected nitroarenes. -- Back cover.
Download or read book Introduction to Diesel Emissions written by Richard Viskup and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-03-18 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first invention and development of the functional diesel engine was in 1897 by Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel, German inventor. Until now, this invention has been superseded by the development of very productive engines and mechanics. Current diesel engines are well known to many people around the world and serve in innumerable applications for various types of public transport, light and heavy duty transportation, for automotive, railway, maritime or aviation transportation, in different harsh environments, in construction, in mining, and for diverse industries. The light duty or heavy-duty diesel engines have some drawbacks. One of the main concerns is connected with exhaust emissions generated by diesel engines. This book discusses the generation of diesel exhaust emissions and mitigations, performance, emissions and combustion evaluations, utilisation of alternative biodiesel fuels, comparison of different techniques for measurement of soot and diesel particulate matter, analyses of diesel particulate matter flow pattern, and chemical composition of diesel particulate matter. The main concern of this book is to expand knowledge of readers and bring together the latest research findings related to diesel engine exhaust emissions.
Download or read book Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies for Improved Environmental Performance written by Richard Folkson and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2022-07-27 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies for Improved Environmental Performance: Towards Zero Carbon Transportation, Second Edition provides a comprehensive view of key developments in advanced fuels and vehicle technologies to improve the energy efficiency and environmental impact of the automotive sector. Sections consider the role of alternative fuels such as electricity, alcohol and hydrogen fuel cells, as well as advanced additives and oils in environmentally sustainable transport. Other topics explored include methods of revising engine and vehicle design to improve environmental performance and fuel economy and developments in electric and hybrid vehicle technologies. This reference will provide professionals, engineers and researchers of alternative fuels with an understanding of the latest clean technologies which will help them to advance the field. Those working in environmental and mechanical engineering will benefit from the detailed analysis of the technologies covered, as will fuel suppliers and energy producers seeking to improve the efficiency, sustainability and accessibility of their work. - Provides a fully updated reference with significant technological advances and developments in the sector - Presents analyses on the latest advances in electronic systems for emissions control, autonomous systems, artificial intelligence and legislative requirements - Includes a strong focus on updated climate change predictions and consequences, helping the reader work towards ambitious 2050 climate change goals for the automotive industry
Download or read book The Influence of Diesel Fuel Composition on Particulate PAH Emissions written by Montather K. Abbass and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Diesel Emissions and Their Control written by Magdi K Khair and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2006-12-01 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will assist readers in meeting today's tough challenges of improving diesel engine emissions, diesel efficiency, and public perception of the diesel engine. It can be used as an introductory text, while at the same time providing practical information that will be useful for experienced readers. This comprehensive book is well illustrated with more than 560 figures and 80 tables. Each main section is broken down into chapters that offer more specific and extensive information on current issues, as well as answers to technical questions.
Download or read book Global Sources of Local Pollution written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-02-15 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in air pollution monitoring and modeling capabilities have made it possible to show that air pollution can be transported long distances and that adverse impacts of emitted pollutants cannot be confined to one country or even one continent. Pollutants from traffic, cooking stoves, and factories emitted half a world away can make the air we inhale today more hazardous for our health. The relative importance of this "imported" pollution is likely to increase, as emissions in developing countries grow, and air quality standards in industrial countries are tightened. Global Sources of Local Pollution examines the impact of the long-range transport of four key air pollutants (ozone, particulate matter, mercury, and persistent organic pollutants) on air quality and pollutant deposition in the United States. It also explores the environmental impacts of U.S. emissions on other parts of the world. The book recommends that the United States work with the international community to develop an integrated system for determining pollution sources and impacts and to design effective response strategies. This book will be useful to international, federal, state, and local policy makers responsible for understanding and managing air pollution and its impacts on human health and well-being.
Download or read book Diesel Fuels written by Cristobal Silva and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, the authors present and discuss the characteristics, performance and environmental impacts of diesel fuels. Topics include the effects of diesel fuel composition and properties on engine performance and pollutant emissions; biodiesel production from alternative feedstocks in Brazil; development of dual fuel combustion models for direct injected heavy duty diesel engines; the molecular properties of some diesel fuel components and their biodegradation; the effect of oxygen additives on the performance and combustion of diesel engines; contrasting the life-cycle performance of conventional and alternative diesel fuels; and the impact of ethyl-tert-butyl ether (ETBE) addition to diesel oil.
Download or read book New Technologies for Emission Control in Marine Diesel Engines written by Masaaki Okubo and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2019-08-29 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Technologies for Emission Control in Marine Diesel Engines provides a unique overview on marine diesel engines and aftertreatment technologies that is based on the authors' extensive experience in research and development of emission control systems, especially plasma aftertreatment systems. The book covers new and updated technologies, such as combustion improvement and after treatment, SCR, the NOx reduction method, Ox scrubber, DPF, Electrostatic precipitator, Plasma PM decomposition, Plasma NOx reduction, and the Exhaust gas recirculation method. This comprehensive resource is ideal for marine engineers, engine manufacturers and consultants dealing with the development and implementation of aftertreatment systems in marine engines. - Includes recent advances and future trends of marine engines - Discusses new and innovative emission technologies for marine diesel engines and their regulations - Covers aftertreatment technologies that are not widely applied, such as catalysts, SCR, DPF and plasmas
Download or read book Diesel Fuel Composition Effects on Particulate Emissions written by R. B. Ishaq and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Health Effects of Diesel Engine Emissions written by William E. Pepelko and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Survivability of Diesel Fuel Components in the Organic Fraction of Particulate Emissions from an IDI Diesel written by M. K. Abbass and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tracing Fuel Component Carbon in the Emissions from Diesel Engines written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The addition of oxygenates to diesel fuel can reduce particulate emissions, but the underlying chemical pathways for the reductions are not well understood. While measurements of particulate matter (PM), unburned hydrocarbons (HC), and carbon monoxide (CO) are routine, determining the contribution of carbon atoms in the original fuel molecules to the formation of these undesired exhaust emissions has proven difficult. Renewable bio-derived fuels (ethanol or bio-diesel) containing a universal distribution of contemporary carbon are easily traced by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). These measurements provide general information about the emissions of bio-derived fuels. Another approach exploits synthetic organic chemistry to place 14C atoms in a specific bond position in a specific fuel molecule. The highly labeled fuel molecule is then diluted in 14C-free petroleum-derived stock to make a contemporary petroleum fuel suitable for tracing. The specific 14C atoms are then traced through the combustion event to determine whether they reside in PM, HC, CO, CO2, or other emission products. This knowledge of how specific molecular structures produce certain emissions can be used to refine chemical-kinetic combustion models and to optimize fuel composition to reduce undesired emissions. Due to the high sensitivity of the technique and the lack of appreciable 14C in fossil fuels, fuels for AMS experiments can be labeled with modern levels of 14C and still produce a strong signal. Since the fuel is not radioactive, emission tests can be conducted in any conventional engine lab, dynamometer facility, or on the open road.
Download or read book Health Effects of Diesel Exhaust Emissions written by Per Camner and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 1988 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Miljørapport 1988:8
