Download or read book Dielectric Properties of Sea Ice at Microwave Frequencies written by Martti Hallikainen and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of the Tensor Dielectric Constant of Sea Ice at Microwave Frequencies written by and published by . This book was released on 1900 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Analysis of the Tensor Dielectric Constant of Sea Ice at Microwave Frequencies written by A. Stogryn and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study has concentrated on deriving equations for computing the tensor dielectric constant of sea ice and making comparisons of the computations with published measurements on various components of the dielectric tensor (as well as attenuation coefficients, which are closely related to the dielectric constant). The theory is shown to be able to account quantitatively for large parts of the published experimental data on a variety of ice types in the frequency range 0.1 to 40 ghz and temperatures from -5 to -30 C.A few discrepancies, however, are noted. It is not known whether further development of the theory will be required to resolve the theory will be required to resolve these difference between theory and experiment or whether the experiments themselves must be refined. It is well known that accurate dielectric constant measurements on sea ice present some rather difficult experimental problems. Some inconsistencies within the existing body of experimental data itself are pointed out in this work.
Download or read book Microwave Remote Sensing of Sea Ice written by Frank D. Carsey and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 1992-04-08 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 68. Human activities in the polar regions have undergone incredible changes in this century. Among these changes is the revolution that satellites have brought about in obtaining information concerning polar geophysical processes. Satellites have flown for about three decades, and the polar regions have been the subject of their routine surveillance for more than half that time. Our observations of polar regions have evolved from happenstance ship sightings and isolated harbor icing records to routine global records obtained by those satellites. Thanks to such abundant data, we now know a great deal about the ice-covered seas, which constitute about 10% of the Earth's surface. This explosion of information about sea ice has fascinated scientists for some 20 years. We are now at a point of transition in sea ice studies; we are concerned less about ice itself and more about its role in the climate system. This change in emphasis has been the prime stimulus for this book.
Download or read book The Dielectric Properties of Sea Ice in the Frequency Range from 26 GHz to 40 GHz written by Robert Clark Byrd and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dielectric properties of sea ice are measured for frequencies from 26 GHz to 40 GHz. The effect of temperature and salinity on the complex permittivity are determined. The orientation of the brine cells within the sea ice is found to have an effect on the loss tangent of the ice. An average value for the real part of the complex permittivity is derived along with an empirical expression for determining loss tangent.
Download or read book Study of Microwave Emmission Properties of Sea Ice written by G. A. Poe and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Dielectric Properties of Sea and NaCl Ice at UHF and Microwave Frequencies written by Pieter Hoekstra and published by . This book was released on 1970* with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Understanding the Variations of the Physical Properties of Sea Ice written by W. F. Weeks and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information and test results are presented concerning the mechanism of growth, brine content, strength, structure, and dielectric properties of sea ice. Suggestions are given for improving methods of calculating growth conditions and a schematic drawing is given of the solid-liquid interface for sea ice together with photomicrographs of sea ice at low temperatures. (Author).
Download or read book On the Dielectric Properties and Normalized Radar Cross section of Crude Oil contaminated Sea Ice written by Thomas David Neusitzer and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis explores the effects of crude oil spilled beneath young sea ice on the dielectric properties and normalized radar cross-section of the ice at microwave (C-band) frequencies. The dielectric profile, also referred to as the complex permittivity profile, of sea ice is a governing factor in how the ice scatters incident electromagnetic waves, thus affecting its associated normalized radar cross-section. The dielectric profile of sea ice is dependent on both the geophysical and thermal properties of the ice. Crude oil contained beneath, within, or on the surface of young sea ice was expected to change these properties, thus impacting both the dielectric profile and normalized radar cross-section of the ice. Differences between the dielectric profile and normalized radar cross-section of uncontaminated and oil-contaminated sea ice is expected to facilitate detection of oil-contaminated sea ice through active microwave remote sensing technologies. As such, a discussion of the geophysical, thermodynamic, and electromagnetic properties of sea ice is presented, as well as an overview of the behaviour of oil in ice infested environments and the efforts undertaken to detect crude oil-contaminated sea ice. Following this, the details of a preliminary laboratory experiment conducted to explore the differences in the dielectric profiles of uncontaminated and contaminated sea ice are presented. Next, a comprehensive description of the meso-scale crude oil-in-sea ice experiment and the results, including the modelled dielectric profiles and measured normalized radar cross-sections of uncontaminated and oil-contaminated sea ice, is provided. Finally, a simulation study comparing the normalized radar cross-section for the uncontaminated and oil-contaminated cases is presented. Based on the experimental and simulation work conducted, the observed differences in the temperature profiles and normalized radar cross-sections of uncontaminated and oil-contaminated sea ice suggest that differentiation between uncontaminated and oil-contaminated young sea ice using microwave remote sensing technologies may be possible.
Download or read book Dielectric Properties of Fresh water Ice at Microwave Frequencies written by Christian Mätzler and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microwave and Structural Properties of Saline Ice written by Anthony Jack Gow and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The structure and salinity characteristics of saline ice slabs removed from ice sheets grown in an outdoor pool have been studied and related to the complex relative dielectric permittivity measured with free-space transmission techniques at 4.80 and 9.50 GHz. The saline ice closely simulated arctic sea ice in its structural and salinity characteristics, which were regularly monitored in a number of ice sheets grown during the winters of 1983-84 and 1984-85. In-situ transmission measurements at similar frequencies were also made on the ice sheets themselves using antennas located above and beneath the ice. The slab measurements were made during warming from -29 to -2 C on slabs grown during the winter of 1983-84 (4.75 GHz) and during a warming and cooling cycle over a slightly larger temperature range on slabs grown during the winter of 1984-85 (4.80 and 9.50 GHz). Keywords: Dielectric properties; Microwave properties; Sea ice; and Structural properties.
Download or read book Dielectric Properties of Ice Snow and Water At Microwave Frequencies and the Measurement of the Thickness of Ice and Snow Layers With Radar written by Communications Research Centre (Canada) and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Study of the Microwave Brightness Temperature of Sea Ice written by A. Stogryn and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work reported here, considers the computation of the microwave brightness temperatures of various types of sea ice. The methodology is an application of theoretical and experimental results obtained at Aerojet ElectroSystems Company under previous contracts with the Office of Naval Research. In these studies, the bilocal approximation of strong fluctuation theory was used to develop equations for the effective dielectric constant of both isotropic and anisotropic random media as well as equations for calculating the brightness temperature of isothermal isotropic media. The earlier work also examined the present state of knowledge concerning the dielectric properties of the constituents of sea ice. It was found that there were significant uncertainties relating to the loss tangent of pure ice as well as the dielectric properties of brine in sea ice. The latter problem was overcome by a systematic measurement of the dielectric properties of brine and the derivation of Debye parameters which allow the dielectric constant of brine to be calculated throughout the microwave portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. The uncertainties with respect to the loss tangent of pure ice remain so that a tentative model based on available experimental data must be used.
Download or read book Dielectric Properties of Ice Snow and Water at Microwave Frequencies and the Measurement of the Thickgrass of Ice and Snow Layers with Radar written by Communications Research Centre (Canada) and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Measurements of the Dielectric Properties of Wet Snow Using a Microwave Technique written by Bruce D. Sweeny and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An accurate method of measuring liquid water in snow covers is required to determine the properties of wet snow. The dielectric properties of wet snow must be utilized to adequately measure its liquid water content. In this study the effect of liquid water on the complex dielectric constant of natural snow is determined in the microwave frequency range. Deloor's method for calculating the dielectric constant for mixtures and the results of waveguide experiments on samples of wet snow and glass beads are used to construct a calibration curve relating the measured dielectric loss factor directly to the water content of wet snow. The results are independent of porosity, past history and chemical impurities. A relation between the effective dielectric constant and the porosity and water content is proposed and tested experimentally. The general nature of this relation is described and suggestions are made for the development of a more precise relation. It is concluded that the dielectric constant is a function of porosity and water content only.
Download or read book The Dielectric Properties of Ice Snow and Water at Microwave Frequencies and the Measurement of the Thicknesses of Ice and Snow Layers with Radar written by Communications Research Centre (Canada) and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sea Ice written by Mohammed Shokr and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-04-20 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SEA ICE The latest edition of the gold standard in sea ice references In the newly revised second edition of Sea Ice: Physics and Remote Sensing, a team of distinguished researchers delivers an in-depth review of the features and structural properties of ice, as well as the latest advances in geophysical sensors, ice parameter retrieval techniques, and remote sensing data. The book has been updated to reflect the latest scientific developments in macro- and micro-scale sea ice research. For this edition, the authors have included high-quality photographs of thin sections from cores of various ice types, as well as a comprehensive account of all major field expeditions that have systematically surveyed sea ice and its properties. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to ice physics and physical processes, including ice morphology and age-based structural features Practical discussions of radiometric and radar-scattering observations from sea ice, including radar backscatter and microwave emission The latest techniques for the retrieval of sea ice parameters from space-borne and airborne sensor data New chapters on sea ice thermal microwave emissions and on the impact of climate change on polar sea ice Perfect for academic researchers working on sea ice, the cryosphere, and climatology, Sea Ice: Physics and Remote Sensing will also benefit meteorologists, marine operators, and high-latitude construction engineers.
