Download or read book Paper Machines written by Markus Krajewski and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2011-08-19 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why the card catalog—a “paper machine” with rearrangeable elements—can be regarded as a precursor of the computer. Today on almost every desk in every office sits a computer. Eighty years ago, desktops were equipped with a nonelectronic data processing machine: a card file. In Paper Machines, Markus Krajewski traces the evolution of this proto-computer of rearrangeable parts (file cards) that became ubiquitous in offices between the world wars. The story begins with Konrad Gessner, a sixteenth-century Swiss polymath who described a new method of processing data: to cut up a sheet of handwritten notes into slips of paper, with one fact or topic per slip, and arrange as desired. In the late eighteenth century, the card catalog became the librarian's answer to the threat of information overload. Then, at the turn of the twentieth century, business adopted the technology of the card catalog as a bookkeeping tool. Krajewski explores this conceptual development and casts the card file as a “universal paper machine” that accomplishes the basic operations of Turing's universal discrete machine: storing, processing, and transferring data. In telling his story, Krajewski takes the reader on a number of illuminating detours, telling us, for example, that the card catalog and the numbered street address emerged at the same time in the same city (Vienna), and that Harvard University's home-grown cataloging system grew out of a librarian's laziness; and that Melvil Dewey (originator of the Dewey Decimal System) helped bring about the technology transfer of card files to business.
Download or read book Bibliography of Publications written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Architectural History and Globalized Knowledge written by Sonja Hildebrand and published by . This book was released on 2020-09 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Europe and the Black Sea Region written by Dominik Gutmeyr and published by LIT Verlag Münster. This book was released on 2018 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When the scientific study of the Black Sea Region began in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, initially commissioned by adjacent powers such as the Habsburg and the Russian empires, this terra incognita was not yet considered part of Europe. The eighteen chapters of this volume show a broad range of thematic foci and theoretical approaches - the result of the enormous richness of the European macrocosm and the BSR. The microcosms of the many different case studies under scrutiny, however, demonstrate the historical dimension of exchange between the allegedly opposite poles of `East' and `West' and underscore the importance of mutual influences in the development of Europe and the BSR.
Download or read book Die Geschichte Der Physik in Grundz gen th In den letzten hundert jahren 1780 1880 1887 90 written by Ferdinand Rosenberger and published by . This book was released on 1890 with total page 852 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Foundations of Pragmatics written by Wolfram Bublitz and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011 with total page 725 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Opening the 9-volume-series Handbooks of Pragmatics, this handbook provides a comprehensive overview of the foundations of pragmatics. It covers the central theories as well as concepts and topics characteristic of mainstream pragmatics, i.e. the most widespread approach to the ways and means of using language in authentic social contexts. The articles provide both state of the art reviews and critical evaluations of research in pragmatics. Topics are thus not only considered within their scholarly context but are also critically evaluated from current perspectives.
Download or read book The Rise of Historical Economics and Social Reform in Germany 1864 1894 written by Erik Grimmer-Solem and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An investigation of the thought, activity and influence of the economist and social reformer Schmoller in the era of Bismarck.
Download or read book Thomas Hardy in Context written by Phillip Mallett and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-03-18 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the range of Thomas Hardy's works while providing a comprehensive introduction to his life and times.
Download or read book Zastrozzi and St Irvyne written by Percy Bysshe Shelley and published by Broadview Press. This book was released on 2002-02-18 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1810, while still at Eton, Percy Bysshe Shelley published Zastrozzi, the first of his two early Gothic prose romances. He published the second, St. Irvyne; or, The Rosicrucian, a year later. These sensationalist novels present some of Shelley’s earliest thoughts on irresponsible self-indulgence and violent revenge, and offer remarkable insight into an imagination that is strikingly modern. This new Broadview Literary Texts edition also brings together the fragmentary remains of Shelley’s other prose fiction, including his chapbook, Wolfstein, and contemporary reviews both by Shelley and about his work.
Download or read book Law in the New Testament written by J. Duncan M. Derrett and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2005-06-03 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a valuable book.....It is a work of wide learning. It deals with a topic which, as the author states in his preface, has been much neglected in spite of the fact that biblical scholars and theologians have always paid lip service to the importance of law in Jewish life. It is a book which should be on the library shelf of every serious student of the New Testament. - Fr. Pius, O.F.M.C. Franciscan Friary, Crawley. J. Duncan M. Derrett was, until his retirement, Professor of Oriental Laws at the University of London. He has author works on legal history as well as 'Jesus's Audience', 'Studies in the New Testament' (6 vols.), 'The Sermon on the Mount', 'The Anastasis', and 'The Bible and the Buddhists'.
Download or read book Thinking in Boxes digital original edition written by Markus Krajewski and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2015-04-01 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This BIT chronicles the history of the predigital “scholar's machine”: a box of paper slips that acted both as memory aid and text generator. In it, Markus Krajewski describes the scholar's box as a form of data protection, tracing its genealogy beginning with peculiar excerption techniques of early nineteenth century scholars.
Download or read book Human Information Retrieval written by Julian Warner and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2009-09-25 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of information retrieval rooted in the humanities and social sciences but informed by an understanding of information technology and information theory. Information retrieval in the age of Internet search engines has become part of ordinary discourse and everyday practice: “Google” is a verb in common usage. Thus far, more attention has been given to practical understanding of information retrieval than to a full theoretical account. In Human Information Retrieval, Julian Warner offers a comprehensive overview of information retrieval, synthesizing theories from different disciplines (information and computer science, librarianship and indexing, and information society discourse) and incorporating such disparate systems as WorldCat and Google into a single, robust theoretical framework. There is a need for such a theoretical treatment, he argues, one that reveals the structure and underlying patterns of this complex field while remaining congruent with everyday practice. Warner presents a labor theoretic approach to information retrieval, building on his previously formulated distinction between semantic and syntactic mental labor, arguing that the description and search labor of information retrieval can be understood as both semantic and syntactic in character. Warner's information science approach is rooted in the humanities and the social sciences but informed by an understanding of information technology and information theory. The chapters offer a progressive exposition of the topic, with illustrative examples to explain the concepts presented. Neither narrowly practical nor largely speculative, Human Information Retrieval meets the contemporary need for a broader treatment of information and information systems.
Download or read book We ll to the Woods No More written by Edouard Dujardin and published by New Directions Publishing. This book was released on 1990 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A delightful period piece of Paris in the late 1880's, We'll to the Woods No More (Les lauriers sont coupés) retains its importance as the first use of the monologue intérieur and the inspiration for the stream-of-consciousness technique perfected by James Joyce. Dujardin's charming tale, told with insight and irony, recounts what goes on in the mind of a young man-about-town in love with a Parisian actress. Mallarmé described the poetry of the telling as "the instant seized by the throat." Originally published in France in 1887, the first English translation (by Joyce scholar Stuart Gilbert) was published by New Directions in 1938. In 1957 Leon Edel's perceptive historical essay reintroduced the book as "the rare and beautiful case of a minor work which launched a major movement."
Download or read book Good Faith Collaboration written by Joseph Michael Reagle and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wikipedia is famously an encyclopedia "anyone can edit," and Reagle examines Wikipedia's openness and several challenges to it: technical features that limit vandalism to articles; private actions to mitigate potential legal problems; and Wikipedia's own internal bureaucratization. He explores Wikipedia's process of consensus (reviewing a dispute over naming articles on television shows) and examines the way leadership and authority work in an open content community.
Download or read book The Letters of Lady M W Montagu During the Embassy to Constantinople 1716 18 written by Lady Mary Wortley Montagu and published by . This book was released on 1835 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lichenographia universalis written by Erik Acharius and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ Lichenographia Universalis: In Qua Lichenes Omnes Detectos, Adiectis Observationibus Et Figuris Horum Vegetabilium Naturam Et Organorum Carpomorphorum Structuram Illustrantibus, Ad Genera, Species, Varietates Differentiis Et Observationibus Sollicitie Definitas Erik Acharius apud I.F. Danckwerts, 1810 Lichens
Download or read book Galileo as a Critic of the Arts written by Erwin Panofsky and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-22 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
