Download or read book Development of an in Vitro Model for Investigating the Properties of Human Prostate Epithelial Cells and Prostatic Carcinoma Cells written by Jennifer Weaver and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stem Cells and Prostate Cancer written by Scott D. Cramer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-12 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent evidence demonstrates that normal prostate tissue contains stem cells. There is also accumulating evidence that prostate cancer contains a population of cells with stem cell-like characteristics referred to as cancer stem cells, or tumor initiating cells. Both the normal prostate stem cell and cancer stem cell populations have important implications for the generation, therapeutic targeting, and prevention of prostate cancer. The purpose of this book is to explore the role of stem cells in prostate cancer, which is becoming an increasingly hot trend in cancer research.
Download or read book Molecular and Cellular Biology of Prostate Cancer written by James P. Karr and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1991 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I. Intracellular Communications.- Tissue Specificity and Cell Death are Associated with Specific Alterations in Nuclear Matrix Proteins.- Mechanism of Growth Regulation in Androgen Responsive Cells.- The Impact of Androgen, Extracellular Matrix, and Stroma upon Proliferation and Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Prostate Epithelial Cells.- Therapeutic Approaches to Activating Programmed Cell Death of Androgen-Independent Prostatic Cancer Cells.- Cell Motility and Structural Harmonics in Prostate Cancer.- Panel Discussion.- II. Growth Factors - 1.- Studies of the Endocrine and Paracrine Effect of Tumor Produced Factors in Human Genitourinary Cancers.- Fibroblast Growth Factor: Implications in the Etiology of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.- Fibroblast-Mediated Human Epithelial Tumor Growth and Hormonal Responsiveness In Vivo.- Polyamine Requirement of Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation.- Heparin-Binding (Fibroblast) Growth Factor/Receptor Gene Expression in the Prostate.- Characterization and Partial Purification of a Non - Heparin-Binding Prostate Growth Factor From Cancerous Human Prostate.- Panel Discussion.- Growth Factors - 2.- Transforming Growth Factor a: A Potential Autocrine Growth Regulator in Prostatic Carcinoma.- Prostatic Growth Factors (PrGFs) - From the Identification of Probasin to the Role of PrGFs.- Urogenital Sinus Derived Growth Inhibitory Factor.- Growth Factor Antagonists in Prostate Cancer: Suramin and Cytotoxic Polyamines as Potential Therapy.- Transforming Growth Factors in Human Prostate Cancer.- Gene Products as the Motivating Force in the Prostate Cell's Response to Androgens.- Panel Discussion.- III. Steroid Receptors.- Molecular Biology of Prostate - Specific Antigen.- Structure and Expression of the Androgen Receptor in Normal Tissues and in Prostate Carcinoma Cell Lines.- Structural Analysis and Gene Expression of TR2 Receptor and TR3 Receptor.- cDNA Cloning, Antibody Production and Immunohistochemical Localization of the Androgen Receptor.- New Approaches to Studies on the Androgen Receptor.- Specific Receptors for Vitamin D3 in Human Prostatic Carcinoma Cells.- Panel Discussion.- IV. Poster Presentations.- Role of Androgens and Extracellular Matrix in the Growth and Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Prostatic Epithelial Cells.- Tissue Specificity and Cell Death Are Associated with Specific Alterations in Nuclear Matrix Proteins.- ElTect of Transformation on Rat Prostatic Fibroblasts: Alterations In Extracellular Matrix and Cytoskeleton Gene Expression with Retention of Androgen Responsiveness and Androgen Receptor Expression.- A Potential Role for the MDR-1 Gene in the Development of Androgen-Independent Tumors.- Relevance of Low Androgen Levels and Adrenal Androgens in the Growth of Transplantable Human Prostatic Carcinomas.- Growth-Stimulating Effect of Growth Factor(s) from Androgen Independent Tumor Cells (CS 2-Cell) on Androgen Responsive Tumor Cells.- The Cellular Form of Human Prostatic Acid Phosphatase May Function as a Phosphotyrosyl Protein Phosphatase in Cells.- Expression of Prostate Antigen in LNCaP Cells in Culture.- Allelic Expression of the Mouse Ren-1 Genes in the Anterior Prostate (Coagulating Gland).- V. Dna Structure and Gene Expression.- Genomic Alterations in Prostatic Cancer.- Regulation of Gene Expression in the Prostate.- Androgen Regulation of HBGF I-(aFGF) and Characterization of the Androgen-Receptor mRNA in the Human Prostate Carcinoma Ceil Une - LNCaP/A-dep.- DNA Methylation, Differentiation and Cancer.- Evidence for tbe Involement of Genetic Differences and Mesenchymal Factors in the Progression of Oncogene - Induced Prostate Cancer in Reconstituted Mouse Prostate.- Differential Hybridization Analysis as a Tool to Study Prostatic Cancer Metastasis.- Molecular Biology of Androgen Acceptors in Prostatic Cancer Cells.- Panel Discussion.- Panel Discussion.- Panel Discussion.- Panel Discussion.- Panel Discussion.- Contributors.
Download or read book An in Vitro and in Vivo Investigation Into Tumour Initiating Cells in Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines written by Angela Xie and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A cell type often referred to as a prostate tumour initiating cell is thought to be responsible for the occurrence of androgen-independent and chemo-resistant prostate cancers. Cell surface markers used to identify normal stem cells have been used to isolate prostate tumour initiating cells from human primary tumour samples due to their common characteristics. However, because of the heterogeneity in different tumours, whether these cells truly represent a single cell type remains under debate. The frequent mutations that occur in cancer cell lines complicate the identification of such cells in prostate cancer lines, as does the in vivo microenvironment seen in mouse models. Thus, standard protocols for isolating tumour initiating cells from prostate cancer cell lines have not yet been developed. The role of the putative tumour initiating cell in the development of treatment resistance is also unknown.In this thesis, isolation of putative tumour initiating cells from the PC3 and LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines was attempted. It was demonstrated that PC3 cells with high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity showed tumour-initiating characteristics both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, high ALDH activity was correlated to highly tumourigenic and aggressive PC3 cells which developed greater chemotherapy resistance and increased angiogenesis. Cells with high ALDH activity may thus be a potential cancer therapeutic target for advanced prostate cancer (chapters 2-4).To broaden the technical aspects of this thesis, chapter 5 expands our work from tumour initiating cells to the field of medicinal chemistry aimed at identifying new cancer therapy drugs (chapter 5). In this chapter the pharmacological action of a series of analogues of noscapine which is a naturally occurring compound extracted from the papaver were examined. Of all 45 noscapine analogues tested, it was demonstrated that analogues containing 7-chloro and N-ethyl urea functionality are the most active in both efficacy and potency indicating that these two noscapine analogues could be a potential new oral-active, low-toxicity anticancer agents.In conclusion, although in this thesis we were not able to fully demonstrate cancer cells with high ALDH activity from prostate cancer cell lines were putative prostate tumour initiating cells, this population of cells showed tumour initiating cell like characteristics, analysis of ALDH activity in clinical prostate cancer samples may become useful for the stratification of prostate cancer patients at greater risk of developing lethal metastatic disease.
Download or read book Human Prostate Cell Culture Models for Studies on Prostate Cancer Progression and Chemoprevention written by Salmaan Taher Abdul Quader and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Models for Prostate Cancer written by Gerald Patrick Murphy and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigating the Properties of Cancer Stem Cells and Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Human Prostate Cancer written by N. L. Dunning-Foreman and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Xenotransplantation of Human Prostate Cell Lines written by Amanda Sue Rivette and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of Immortalized and Malignant Adult Human Prostate Epithelial Cell Lines written by Diana Bello-DeOcampo and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of Methodology to Maintain Primary Cultures of Normal and Malignant Human Prostatic Epithelial Cells In Vivo written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our objective was to develop a realistic preclinical model of prostate cancer by developing methodology that supports the survival, growth and differentiation of primary cultures of prostate cells in mice. Use of a novel substrate, "OptiCell" membranes, for implantation, choice of the renal capsule for implantation, and selection of stem-like cells for implantation did not resolve the unwanted development of squamous differentiation. Therefore, we investigated the implantation of precision-cut tissue sections. These tissue slices can be maintained in culture, and our initial results suggest that they also survive and maintain structure and function under the renal capsule. We will continue to develop tissue slices as a novel in vitro in vivo experimental model of prostate cancer.
Download or read book Human Prostate Cancer in a Tissue Recombination Model written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In vivo models based on human epithelial cells (hPrE) provide powerful tools with which to investigate cancer initiation and progression. Tissue recombinations (TR) composed of hPrE and rat urogenital sinus mesenchyme (rUGM) grafted beneath the renal capsule of immunocompromised rodent hosts recapitulate many key events in prostatic development and adult function. The stable integration of known or putative oncogenes into the hPrE component of such TRs is a powerful tool with which to study the effects of these genes in vivo. The cMYC gene (a known oncogene) has been introduced into hPrE. cMYC is expressed in a very tightly regulated manner in non-malignant prostate but is deregulated in PIN and overexpressed/deregulated in high-grade human prostate cancer, suggesting a role in both the pathogenesis of PIN and subsequent progression to cancer. The high efficiency LZRS/Phoenix retroviral system was used to insert the cMYC gene into hPrE under the control of the constitutively active CMV promoter. TR composed of infected hPrE and rUGM were made and grafted into SCID hosts. Hosts were sacrificed after carrying the grafts for 28 days. We have visualized reporter and transgene expression. The TR's showed a rapidly growing metastatic PSA- expressing adenocarcinoma.
Download or read book Molecular Biology of Prostate Cancer written by Manfred Wirth and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-05-22 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regulation of proliferation and differentiation in benign and malignant epithelial cells of the human prostate written by Chau-Jye Fong and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigating Mechanical Strain induced Phenotypic Changes on Prostate Cancer Cell Toward Metastasis Using a Three dimensional In vitro Model written by Maggie J. Ditto and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As tumors enlarge and progress, tumor cells are exposed to a myriad of altered mechanical forces that could dramatically modify their behavior. The objective of this thesis is to utilize a three-dimensional (3D) in-vitro model to investigate mechanical strain-induced phenotypic changes in prostate cancer (PC3) cells, progressing cells toward metastasis. A novel mechanical loading platform, the UNIcycler, was developed to apply 1% uniaxial stretch to 3D collagen encapsulated PC3 constructs. In this study, strain was applied for 30 minutes daily for 3 days. The experimental groups included a control (unloaded) group, a cyclic loaded group (1Hz frequency), and a static loaded group (continuous strain application). The effect of mechanical strain on actin cytoskeletal organization was first investigated using a time lapse study. Following this, a larger data set was collected for further analyze cell elongation and actin polymerization. Finally, the effect of mechanical strain on cell invasive potential was investigated using a custom cell migration assay. Results showed static loading significantly increases cell elongation, as compared to control and cyclic loading conditions (p
Download or read book Prostate Cancer Stem Cells and Their Involvement in Metastasis written by Hangwen Li and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recently resurrected cancer stem cell (CSC) theory sheds new light on understanding tumor biology. Most solid tumors have now been shown to contain CSCs, i.e., stem cell-like cancer cells. These cells, although generally rare, appear to be highly tumorigenic and may be the cells that drive tumor formation, maintain tumor homeostasis, and mediate tumor metastasis. In order to test whether any given human tumor cell population has CSC properties, the relatively enriched single tumor cells have to be put into a foreign microenvironment in a recipient animal to test their tumorigenic potential. Furthermore, various in vitro assays can be performed to demonstrate that the presumed CSCs have certain biological properties normally associated with the stem cells (SCs). Herein, I first present a comprehensive review of the experimental methodologies that our lab has been using in assaying putative prostate cancer (PCa) SCs in culture, xenograft tumors, and primary tumor samples. Clonal morphology is one of the critical properties of cultured cancer cells that has been largely ignored. Interestingly, long term-cultured human epithelial cancer cells form holoclones, meroclones, and paraclones, and tumor cell holoclones have been hypothesized to harbor stem-like cells. Using PC3 human prostate carcinoma cells as a model, we provide direct experimental evidence that tumor cell holoclones contain stem-like cells that can initiate serially transplantable tumors. Importantly, holoclones derived from either cultured PC3 cells or holoclone-initiated tumors can be serially passaged and regenerate all three types of clones. In contrast, meroclones and paraclones cannot be continuously propagated and fail to initiate tumor development. Phenotypic characterizations reveal high levels of CD44, [alpha]2[beta]1 integrin, and [beta]-catenin expression in holoclones, whereas meroclones and paraclones show markedly reduced expression of these markers. These observations have important implications in understanding morphologic heterogeneities and tumorigenic hierarchies in human epithelial cancer cells. PCa metastasis represents the worst outcome, and, if unchecked, will eventually kill the patient. Although many PCa cell-intrinsic molecules and end-organ factors have been implicated in the metastatic dissemination of PCa cells, the role of primary tumor microenvironment and the nature of the metastatic PCa cells remain poorly defined. By establishing a reliable and quantifiable experimental PCa metastasis model in NOD/SCID mice, we show that PCa cells implanted orthotopically (i.e., in the prostate) metastasize much more extensively and widely than those implanted ectopically (i.e., subcutaneously or s.c). Microarray-based gene expression profiling reveals that the orthotopically implanted human PCa cells prominently overexpress not only several classes of molecules involved in proteolysis/invasion/angiogenesis and inflammation, but also numerous developmental and SC regulating genes. These latter observations suggest that the orthotopic microenvironment (i.e. mouse prostate) appears to be promoting the manifestation of CSC phenotypes and these CSCs might be involved in enhanced metastasis in the orthotopic microenvironment and later distant organ metastasis. In support, shRNA-mediated knockdown in many metastatic and CSC genes greatly inhibits PCa cell metastasis. Importantly, PCa cells that express high levels of osteopontin (OPN) or CD24, when prospectively purified out and used in spontaneous metastasis assays, demonstrate high metastatic capacities characteristic of metastatic CSCs. In sharp contrast, PCa cells negative for OPN and CD24 expression show little metastatic property. Finally, we provide multiple pieces of additional evidence that metastatic/metastasizing PCa cells possess CSC properties.
Download or read book The Development of an in Vitro Model to Investigate Stromal Versican Expression in Prostate Cancer written by Andrew John Sakko and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of Immortalized and Tumorigenic Prostate Cell Lines of Defined Genetic Constitution written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To develop an understanding of the molecular events that transform normal human prostate cells into prostate cancer, we have developed a system of cell transformation that permits the creation of immortalized and tumorigenic human prostate epithelial cell lines of defined genetic constitution. Expression of SV4O Large T antigen and hTERT, the catalytic subunit of telomerase, permitted immortalization. Transformation as assessed by the ability of these cells to form colonies in an anchorage independent fashion and to form tumors in immunodeficient host animals required the additional expression of an oncogenic version of the H-Ras protein. In addition, using hTERT alone, we have simultaneously created an immortalized human prostate stromal cell line. We have recently created human prostate epithelial cells expressing genes known to be altered in human prostate cancers (Myc, Akt) as well as the androgen receptor. These cell lines produce luminal prostate cancers when placed orthotopically in mice. These cell lines provide an important foundation for future studies that will allow us to investigate the precise molecular interactions that lead to the development of prostate cancer. Ultimately, the elucidation of these critical molecular determinants of prostate cancer will permit the identification and confirmation of important targets for future therapeutic intervention.
