Download or read book Development of an Improved Microwave Ocean Surface Emissivity Radiative Transfer Model written by Salem El-Nimri and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An electromagnetic model is developed for predicting the microwave blackbody emission from the ocean surface over a wide range of frequencies, incidence angles, and wind vector (speed and direction) for both horizontal and vertical polarizations. This ocean surface emissivity model is intended to be incorporated into an oceanic radiative transfer model to be used for microwave radiometric applications including geophysical retrievals over oceans. The model development is based on a collection of published ocean emissivity measurements obtained from satellites, aircraft, field experiments, and laboratory measurements. This dissertation presents the details of methods used in the ocean surface emissivity model development and comparisons with current emissivity models and aircraft radiometric measurements in hurricanes. Especially, this empirically derived ocean emissivity model relates changes in vertical and horizontal polarized ocean microwave brightness temperature measurements over a wide range of observation frequencies and incidence angles to physical roughness changes in the ocean surface, which are the result of the air/sea interaction with surface winds. Of primary importance are the Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR) brightness temperature measurements from hurricane flights and independent measurements of surface wind speed that are used to define empirical relationships between C-band (4-7 GHz) microwave brightness temperature and surface wind speed. By employing statistical regression techniques, we develop a physical-based ocean emissivity model with empirical coefficients that depends on geophysical parameters, such as wind speed, wind direction, sea surface temperature, and observational parameters, such as electromagnetic frequency, electromagnetic polarization, and incidence angle.
Download or read book An Improved Microwave Radiative Transfer Model for Ocean Emissivity at Hurricane Force Surface Wind Speed written by Salem Fawwaz EL-Nimri and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An electromagnetic model for predicting the microwave blackbody emission from the ocean surface under the forcing of strong surface winds in hurricanes is being developed. This ocean emissivity model will be incorporated into a larger radiative transfer model used to infer ocean surface wind speed and rain rate in hurricanes from remotely sensed radiometric brightness temperature. The model development is based on measurements obtained with the Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR), which routinely flys on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's hurricane hunter aircraft. This thesis presents the methods used in the wind speed model development and validation results for wind speeds up to 70 m/sec.
Download or read book Thermal Microwave Radiation written by Institution of Engineering and Technology and published by IET. This book was released on 2006-05-19 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combines theoretical concepts with experimental results on thermal microwave radiation to increase the understanding of the complex nature of terrestrial media. Emphasising on radiative transfer models, this book covers the terrestrial aspects, from clear to cloudy atmosphere, precipitation, ocean and land surfaces, vegetation, snow and ice.
Download or read book Validation of Wideband Ocean Emissivity Radiative Transfer Model written by Sonya Crofton and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radiative Transfer Models (RTM) have many applications in the satellite microwave remote sensing field, such as the retrieval of oceanic and atmospheric environmental parameters, including surface wind vectors and sea surface temperatures, integrated water vapor, cloud liquid, and precipitation. A key component of the ocean RTM is the emissivity model used to determine the brightness temperature (Tb) at the ocean's surface. A new wideband ocean emissivity RTM developed by the Central Florida Remote Sensing Laboratory (CFRSL) calculates ocean emissivity over a wide range of frequencies, incidence angles, sea surface temperatures (SST), and wind speed. This thesis presents the validation of this CFRSL model using independent WindSat Tb measurements collocated with Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) Numerical weather model environmental parameters for frequencies between 6.8 to 37 GHz and wind speeds between 0-20 m/s over the July 2005-June 2006 year. In addition, the CFRSL emissivity model is validated using WindSat derived ocean wind speeds and SST that are contained in the Environmental Data Record (EDR) and combined with the GDAS environmental parameters. Finally, the validation includes comparisons to the well-established XCAL ocean emissivity RTM. The focus of this validation and comparison is to assess performance of the emissivity model results with respect to a wide range of frequency and wind speeds but limited to a narrow range of incidence angles between approximately 50°-55°.
Download or read book An Introduction to Atmospheric Radiation written by K. N. Liou and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2002-04-29 with total page 599 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of radiation for atmospheric applications -- Solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere -- Absorption and scattering of solar radiation in the atmosphere -- Thermal infrared radiation transfer in the atmosphere -- Light scattering by atmospheric particulates -- Principles of radiative transfer in planetary atmospheres -- Application of radiative transfer principles to remote sensing -- Radiation and climate.
Download or read book Refinement of a Semi empirical Model for the Microwave Emissivity of the Sea Surface as a Function of Wind Speed written by David Jacob Kohn and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Improved Microwave Radiative Transfer Model for Tropical Oceans written by Jeffrey Ransdell Tesmer and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Building the European Capacity in Operational Oceanography written by H. Dahlin and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2003-12-04 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Full text e-book available as part of the Elsevier ScienceDirect Earth and Planetary Sciences subject collection.
Download or read book A Research Program on Radiative Transfer Model Development in Support of the ARM Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research continued on the development of a radiative transfer model. This report discusses the revised continuum model. The water vapor continuum plays an important role in atmospheric radiative transfer providing increased opacity between spectral lines over the full spectral region from the microwave to the visible. The continuum has a significant influence on atmospheric fluxes and cooling rates. Additionally the continuum is important to the physical solution of the inverse problem, the remote sensing of atmospheric state to retrieve temperature, water vapor, surface properties and other state parameters. There are two components to the continuum: The self-broadened continuum, dependent on the square of the partial pressure of water vapor, and the foreign-broadened continuum, principally dependent on the product of the water vapor partial pressure and the total pressure. As a consequence the self broadened continuum tends to be more important in the lower atmosphere while the foreign broadened continuum tends to be more important in the mid to upper troposphere. To address this situation and to improve overall accuracy, we have embarked on the development of an improved water vapor continuum model.
Download or read book Microwave Radiation of the Ocean Atmosphere written by Alexander G. Grankov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-18 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book describes different approaches to the analysis of heat and dynamic processes in the ocean-atmospheric interface with satellite passive radiometric observations at microwaves. It examines the feasibility of determining synoptic, seasonal and year-to-year variations of sensible, latent and momentum fluxes to a useful accuracy using the DMSP SSM/I and EOS Aqua AMSR-E data directly from the measured brightness temperatures. An important object in the studies is the North Atlantic with emphasize on the areas with high midlatitude cyclon activity: here the main results have been obtained by combining data from the vessel experiments NEWFOUEX-88, ATLANTEX-90 and the data of microwave radiometers from the DMSP and EOS Aqua satellites. The role of vertical turbulent and horizontal advective heat transfer in forming interrelations between the brightness temperature of the system ocean-atmosphere and surface heat fluxes in the range of synoptic time scales is analyzed. Special sections of the book describe some results of analysis of reaction of the system ocean-atmosphere on passing of the tropical cyclone Katrina (August 2005) in the Florida Strait as well as a behavior of the system in the period of a time preceding to origination the cyclone Humberto (September 2007) in the Mexico Gulf. The long-term goal of this research is the search for effects and regularities, which can explain the reasons for the tropical cyclones appearance. Some characteristics of the tropical cyclones (brightness temperature and heat contrasts, etc.) are compared with those for midlatitude cyclones. At the same time as covering a key topic area with implications for global warming research, this text is also usefull to students who want to gain insight into application of satellite microwave radiometric methods for studying the air-sea interaction. Key themes: microwave radiometry, air-sea interaction, midlatitude and tropical cyclones, atmosphere boundary layer, heat and momentum surface fluxes.
Download or read book Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of the Earth written by Fuzhong Weng and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-01-23 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the fundamentals of satellite microwave instrument calibration, remote sensing sciences and algorithms, as well as the applications of the satellite microwave observations in weather and climate research.
Download or read book Microwave Radiation of the Ocean Atmosphere written by Alexander Grankov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-03 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We will show in this monograph some possibilities of using the potential of satellite passive microwave radiometric methods for the analysis of variations of heat and dynamic processes in the ocean–atmosphere interface in a wide range of time scales – from mesometeorogical (hours, daily) to seasonal (month) and multiyear (climatic) ones. The most essential mechanisms of intercommunication of natural microwave radiation of the system ocean–atmosphere (SOA) with the vertical turbulence fluxes of sensible, latent heat, as well as the momentum at the boundary of the SOA are studied. We will consider the turbulence heat fluxes as the factors generated by the c- otic movements in the atmosphere, when every small individual part of air is moved irregularly. Here, one can observe a transfer of the energy from large-scale to sma- scales; the average distance between the air particles is increased with a time. Also, the potential of remote sensing the characteristics of heat and water adv- tion and their accumulation in the atmosphere boundary layer are demonstrated. In these studies, we mean mainly the middle and high latitudes of the North Atlantic, which are forming the weather conditions and climatic trends over Europe and European territories of the Russia.
Download or read book A Microwave Radiometer Roughness Correction Algorithm for Sea Surface Salinity Retrieval written by Yazan Henry Hejazin and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Aquarius/SAC-D is an Earth Science remote sensing satellite mission to measure global Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) that is sponsored by the NASA and the Argentine Space Agency (CONAE). The prime remote sensor is the Aquarius (AQ) L-band radiometer/scatterometer, which measures the L-band emitted blackbody radiation (brightness temperature) from the ocean. The brightness temperature at L-band is proportional to the ocean salinity as well as a number of physical parameters including ocean surface wind speed. The salinity retrieval algorithm make corrections for all other parameters before retrieving salinity, and the greatest of these is the increased brightness temperature due to roughness caused by surface wind speed. This thesis presents an independent approach for the AQ roughness correction, which is derived using simultaneous measurements from the CONAE Microwave Radiometer (MWR). When the wind blows over the ocean's surface, the brightness temperature is increased because of the ocean wave surface roughness. The MWR provides a semi-empirical approach by measuring the excess ocean emissivity at 36.5 GHz and then applying radiative transfer theory (improved ocean surface emissivity model) to translate this to the AQ 1.4 GHz frequency (L-band). The theoretical basis of the MWR algorithm is described and empirical results are presented that demonstrate the effectiveness in reducing the salinity measurement error due to surface roughness.
Download or read book Advances in Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of Oceans written by Victor Raizer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-03-27 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book demonstrates the capabilities of passive microwave technique for enhanced observations of ocean features, including the detection of (sub)surface events and/or disturbances while laying out the benefits and boundaries of these methods. It represents not only an introduction and complete description of the main principles of ocean microwave radiometry and imagery, but also provides guidance for further experimental studies. Furthermore, it expands the analysis of remote sensing methods, models, and techniques and focuses on a high-resolution multiband imaging observation concept. Such an advanced approach provides readers with a new level of geophysical information and data acquisition granting the opportunity to improve their expertise on advanced microwave technology, now an indispensable tool for diagnostics of ocean phenomena and disturbances.
Download or read book Comprehensive Remote Sensing written by Shunlin Liang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-11-08 with total page 3183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Remote Sensing, Nine Volume Set covers all aspects of the topic, with each volume edited by well-known scientists and contributed to by frontier researchers. It is a comprehensive resource that will benefit both students and researchers who want to further their understanding in this discipline. The field of remote sensing has quadrupled in size in the past two decades, and increasingly draws in individuals working in a diverse set of disciplines ranging from geographers, oceanographers, and meteorologists, to physicists and computer scientists. Researchers from a variety of backgrounds are now accessing remote sensing data, creating an urgent need for a one-stop reference work that can comprehensively document the development of remote sensing, from the basic principles, modeling and practical algorithms, to various applications. Fully comprehensive coverage of this rapidly growing discipline, giving readers a detailed overview of all aspects of Remote Sensing principles and applications Contains ‘Layered content’, with each article beginning with the basics and then moving on to more complex concepts Ideal for advanced undergraduates and academic researchers Includes case studies that illustrate the practical application of remote sensing principles, further enhancing understanding
Download or read book Development of the Microwave Radiative Transfer Program for Cloudy Atmospheres Applications to DMSP SSM T Channels written by Kuo-Nan Liou and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A microwave radiative transfer program for cloudy and precipitating atmospheres applicable to the DMSP SSM/T channels has been developed. The microwave transfer program takes into account the simultaneous contributions of multiple scattering and absorption by hydrometeors and absorption due to molecular oxygen and water vapor in the atmosphere. Sensitivity analyses have been carried out to investigate the effects of the rainfall rate, cloud thickness, and cloud location on the upwelling brightness temperature over land and ocean surfaces for two different atmospheric profiles. Over the land surface, it is shown that increasing the cloud liquid water content and cloud thickness significantly reduces the brightness temperatures for SSM/T channels 1 - 3. Over the ocean surface, however, the brightness temperatures for channels 1 - 3 are increased as the cloud liquid water content increases and reach to maximum values depending on the cloud thickness involved. Moreover, we show the importance of the cloud position and the atmospheric temperature profile on the brightness temperature values. In addition, investigation of the effects of precipitation on the temperature retrieval using both the theoretically simulated values and real SSM/T data has also been carried out on the basis of a statistical method. The hypothetical retrieval experiments reveal that the temperatures close to the surface suffer increased degradation as the rainfall rate increases. This finding is further supported by the analysis employing the real SSM/T data for a number of case studies in which temperature profiles from radiosondes are available for comparisons. (Author).
Download or read book Development of a Radiative Transfer Model for the Special Sensor Microwave Imager SSM I and Its Application for Retrieving Surface Moisture and Temperature written by Georghios A. Vassiliades and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
